Cov tuam txhab xws li Vector Atomic thiab Infleqtion yog pab cov tub rog siv quantum technologies los tsim kev nkag siab hauv av, kev sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg thiab lwm txoj hauv kev rau GPS.
By Jeremy Bogaisky
Ifib tug neeg soj xyuas balloon floating siab saum Teb Chaws Asmeskas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv xyoo pua 19th, xav txog quantum li yav tom ntej.
Lub Pentagon tau ntau xyoo tau tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los siv quantum physics los ua tsov rog, txawm tias nws tab tom txhim kho lub khoos phis tawj muaj zog dua, rov ua haujlwm GPS, ntxiv dag zog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas lus lossis tsim kev soj ntsuam uas tuaj yeem pom zoo dua submerged submarines thiab underground bunkers. Muaj qhov xwm txheej ceev: Tuam Tshoj tab tom nqis peev ntau hauv kev ntxiv cov peev txheej no, ib yam nkaus.
Siv GPS, piv txwv. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Tuam Tshoj, ib qho ntawm thawj yam uas ob tog yuav tsom mus rau lwm lub teb chaws lub ntiaj teb txoj haujlwm. Xav txog qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv av thiab kev tsis meej pem saum ntuj yam tsis muaj nws.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom txhim kho quantum-txhim kho navigation tshuab uas yuav ua rau cov nkoj thiab cov dav hlau nyob hauv chav kawm thaum muaj GPS tawm, nrog rau kev coj cov cuaj luaj rau lawv lub hom phiaj kom raug. Ib feem ntawm qhov no suav nrog kev tsim cov moos atomic kom raug ntau dua, txij li GPS yog lub plawv lub sijhawm - suav qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm satellites thiab receivers hauv av. Lub tshuab yuav npaj tau nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos, hais tias Michael Hayduk, tus thawj coj ntawm Air Force Research Laboratory.
"Qhov no yuav hloov lub ntiaj teb no zoo kawg li, thiab koj tsis tas yuav tos ntev rau nws," William Clark, physicist thiab lwm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Infleqtion, ib tug startup uas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam, hais rau Forbes.
NYEEM LOS YOG TSIS TAU
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev npaj txhij thiab kev cia siab ua tub rog cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam ntawm quantum technologies.
Hauv nws txoj kev sib tw thev naus laus zis nrog Tuam Tshoj, Pentagon tau txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb-thiab-kev siv nyiaj hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog quantum sciences. Tsoom fwv cov koom haum muaj $ 918 lab los siv rau quantum R&D hauv kev siv nyiaj xyoo 2022, nce los ntawm $ 449 lab hauv 2019, nrog rau Air Force Research Laboratory, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency thiab Office of Naval Research ntawm cov thawj pab nyiaj. Lawv cov kev koom tes tau ntxiv los ntawm kev nce nyiaj ntawm cov peev txheej. US quantum startups tau nce $ 870 lab nyiaj hauv 2022, raws li Pitchbook, yuav luag ob npaug rau 2020.
Feem ntau ntawm kev tsom mus rau kev tsim quantum computers. Thaum cov kev suav classical yog raws li "ntsis" uas yog ib qho lossis xoom, quantum suav siv subatomic hais li "qubits." Vim lub quantum phenomenon ntawm superposition, qubits tuaj yeem yog ib qho thiab xoom tib lub sijhawm, lossis qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab, uas tuaj yeem tso cai rau lawv los daws cov teeb meem nyuaj uas dhau mus txog ntawm cov tshuab tam sim no.
Cov khoos phis tawj quantum muaj txiaj ntsig yuav yog kaum xyoo lossis ntau dua, tab sis qee qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab los tswj cov tib neeg atoms thiab photons yog nyob rau ntawm qhov raug muab tso rau siv los ua kom raug ntau dua sensors, suav nrog cov uas taug qab cov lus tsa suab, xws li accelerometers thiab gyroscopes, xws li nrog rau cov khoom siv uas pom cov kev hloov me me hauv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab cov hlau nplaum.
QUANTUM LEAP
Cov tub rog tab tom saib ntau yam kev siv rau quantum technology.
Tshaj tawm hauv 2017 ntawm ib tug Suav tawg nyob rau hauv quantum magnetometry tsa kev xav tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm xa mus rau lub dav hlau network ntawm cov cuab yeej mus ntes underwater submarines los ntawm mais deb. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tsis ntseeg, tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev nws xav tias quantum gravimeters thiab magnetometers yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua daim ntawv qhia hauv av zoo li cov roj thiab cov pob zeb hauv av, cov ntxhuav dej, bunkers thiab tunnels.
cryptography
Kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg los ntawm Tuam Tshoj hauv quantum suav yog twb muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cybersecurity. Cov neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws tau hais tias Tuam Tshoj thiab lwm lub tebchaws muaj kev tawm tsam sau cov kev sib txuas lus encrypted thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv rhiab heev los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab khaws cia mus txog rau hnub thaum quantum computers muaj zog txaus los tawg lawv cov encryption.
Xyoo tas los, Biden Administration thiab Congress tau ua cov kauj ruam los thawb tsoomfwv cov koom haum hloov mus rau "post-quantum" cryptographic txoj kev tshiab uas ntseeg tau tias tsis tuaj yeem ua rau quantum computers.
Tuam Tshoj tab tom noj qhov sib txawv thiab kim dua rau kev hem thawj ntawm quantum code cracking. Lub teb chaws tau tsim kev sib txuas ntawm ntau txhiab mais ntawm fiber ntau-optic cables txuas cov nroog loj uas faib cov yuam sij quantum ntawm photons kom ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus. Vim yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm quantum mechanics, nws ntseeg tias kev sim eavesdrop ntawm xws li lub network yuav hloov cov photons, ceeb toom rau cov neeg siv. Tuam Tshoj kuj yog thawj lub teb chaws los ua kom pom quantum tseem ceeb faib ntawm satellite.
Ntawm lub zog ntawm cov kev siv zog ntawd, Tuam Tshoj tau rub ua ntej Asmeskas hauv kev sib txuas lus quantum, a Kev kawm RAND xaus xyoo tas los. Teb Chaws Asmeskas ua hauv quantum xam, thaum nws tsis paub meej seb puas muaj ntug hauv kev paub, RAND cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau.
Sijhawm Thiab Navigation
Cov tiam tam sim no ntawm satellite GPS tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov chaw nyob li ntawm peb meters. Quantum physics yuav tso cai rau kom meej meej.
Hauv cov chaw kuaj mob, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim qhov tseeb dua, chav tsev loj atomic moos raws li cov lasers kho qhov muag uas yuav poob ib thib ob tom qab ntau lab xyoo. Vector Atomic yog ib tug puv tes ntawm tuam txhab uas muag ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsim me me, rugged moos rau niaj hnub siv teb, ua lag luam cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo rau kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Lub caij ntuj sov dhau los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Pacific (RIMPAC) kev ua tub rog, California-based startup tau hais tias nws tau pom lub nkoj ua haujlwm kho qhov muag nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib cog lus 40-liter pob uas ntws los ntawm qhov tseeb los ntawm 10 trillionths ntawm ib thib ob tom qab kwv yees li ib teev. Tam sim no satellite GPS moos drift ntau tom qab 20 vib nas this.
Qhov kev txhim kho zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig. GPS yuav nyob twj ywm muaj tseeb nrog tsawg zaus hloov tshiab rau satellite-based moos los ntawm hauv av. Ua ke nrog qis-Earth-orbit satellites, uas yuav coj GPS teeb liab los ze zog, lub sij hawm meej dua yuav txhim kho qhov tseeb rau hauv centimeters. Qhov ntawd yuav txhais tau tias, piv txwv li, GPS tuaj yeem khaws cov tsheb tsis muaj tsheb nyob hauv lawv txoj kab.
Lub sijhawm zoo dua tseem yuav tso cai rau kev siv cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam wireless sib txuas, ntim cov neeg siv ntau dua rau hauv spectrum uas tam sim no suav tias yog cov neeg coob coob.
Portable atomic moos tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv dav hlau lossis hauv av tsheb. Nws yuav tso cai rau Asmeskas cov tub rog txhim kho ib ntus hauv zos GPS network nyob ib puag ncig kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov teeb liab kev sib txuas lus uas yuav muaj zog heev los cuam tshuam, thaum Asmeskas cuam tshuam rau cov yeeb ncuab qhov chaw-based navigation systems, hais tias Vector Atomic CEO Jamil Abo-Shaeer, uas tswj hwm quantum programs ntawm DARPA los ntawm 2010 mus rau 2014.
Lub tuam txhab, uas tsis tau siv nyiaj txiag ua lag luam thaum sib tw ntau dua $ 50 lab ntawm tsoomfwv cov ntawv cog lus tshawb fawb, tab tom ua haujlwm nrog Navy thiab DARPA kom txo nws cov moos kom lawv me dua li lub nra nqa.
Tsis tas li ntawm RIMPAC, Vector Atomic tau qhia txog kev sib cog lus quantum gravimeter ua ke nrog tus qauv inertial navigation system uas tau cog lus tias yuav tso cai rau cov nkoj tub rog taug kev yam tsis muaj GPS. Cov cuab yeej ntsuas me me hloov pauv hauv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qab dej hiav txwv. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov kev ntsuas nrog daim ntawv qhia gravitational, lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem kho rau kev sib tsoo hauv lub nkoj lub inertial navigation system kom raug kho lub nkoj qhov chaw nyob hauv peb lub lis piam ntawm kev siv, Abo-Shaeer tau hais.
Lub tuam txhab ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv ob mus rau peb lub xyoos nws yuav muaj peev xwm pib ua lag luam mus rau lub zog-npaum version me me kom haum rau hauv lub tsheb lub cev.
Ntau lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm ntawm quantum inertial sensors, suav nrog Australia-raws li Q-CTRL, uas tab tom npaj ua qauv qhia hauv nruab nrab xyoo 2023 ntawm quantum-enabled navigation system nrog tus khub Advanced Navigation. Colorado-based Infleqtion yog ib feem ntawm UK project los tsim Quantum Positioning System rau ib tus neeg lub tsheb. Lub quantum gyroscope lub tuam txhab tab tom tsim rau txoj kev pib yuav raug sim davhlau hauv 2024.
kev sib txuas lus
Nrog DARPA nyiaj txiag, Infleqtion, uas xyoo tas los hloov nws lub npe los ntawm ColdQuanta, tseem tab tom tsim cov xov tooj cua quantum los hloov cov tais diav satellite. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ntau zaus thoob plaws lub spectrum, los ntawm HF thiab UHF bands siv los ntawm cov tub rog siv xov tooj cua mus rau K-band siv los ntawm SpaceX's Starlink satellite broadband network. Cov thev naus laus zis yuav ua rau ib lub cuab yeej hloov pauv rau kaum qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg txais khoom siv niaj hnub no, Clark tau hais.
Los ntawm 2025, lub tuam txhab npaj yuav ua kom pom lub hnab tshos-loj rau-band receiver nrog lasers thiab rov qab-kawg electronics shrunk down mus rau qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug me me shoebox.
Ntxiv mus, Clark tau hais tias cov thev naus laus zis zoo sib xws yuav raug siv los tsim lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob ntau zaus. Nws hais tias "Qhov ntawd yuav yog Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv," nws hais Forbes. "Nws yuav zoo li koj tus neeg sib txuas lus Star Trek, kev xa tawm tag nrho thiab tau txais hauv ib lub cuab yeej me me."
kev sib tw
Thaum lub Soviet Union tau tsim ib co ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws theoretical physicists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tsis muaj ntau yam qhia tias Russia tab tom tsim quantum technologies tseem ceeb niaj hnub no, RAND kws tshawb fawb Edward Parker hais. Forbes.
Tuam Tshoj txoj kev ua haujlwm hauv quantum thev naus laus zis yog tsom mus rau hauv cov chaw soj nstuam loj hauv tebchaws. Qhov ntawd yuav ua rau nws muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv kev lag luam quantum sensors piv nrog Asmeskas, nrog nws cov tuam txhab ntiag tug, Parker tau hais.
Parker tau hais tias "Qhov kev vam meej tiag tiag hauv quantum sensing yuav tsum tau ua tam sim no tsis tas yuav ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj lossis kev kawm ua haujlwm, tab sis kom tau txais nws ua haujlwm," Parker tau hais. "Nws tsis paub meej rau kuv seb lawv puas muaj kev lag luam ntiag tug los ua cov haujlwm zoo li no."
XAV PAUB NTAU LOS RAU FORBES
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeremybogaisky/2023/02/13/the-spy-balloon-is-just-the-start-venture-capital-joins-pentagon-in-spending-big- to-thwart-china-in-quantum-tech-war/