App-specific blockchains, lossis appchains, tshwj xeeb yog tsim los txhawb kev tsim thiab xa tawm ntawm cov ntawv thov kev ncaj ncees (DApps). Hauv appchain, txhua lub app khiav ntawm nws cov blockchain cais, txuas rau cov saw tseem ceeb. Qhov no tso cai rau kom muaj ntau dua scalability thiab yoog raws, raws li txhua lub app tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab ua kom zoo rau nws cov ntaub ntawv siv tshwj xeeb.
Appchains kuj yog lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem rau scalability rau modular blockchains lossis txheej-2 raws tu qauv. Appchains nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws rau modular blockchains, vim nws yog ib hom blockchain architecture uas cais cov ntaub ntawv, kev ua lag luam thiab kev pom zoo ua cov ntsiab lus rau hauv cov qauv sib txawv uas tuaj yeem ua ke hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov no tuaj yeem xav tias yog "pluggable modules" uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis ua ke nyob ntawm qhov kev siv.
Qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov haujlwm no yog vim li cas thiaj muaj yooj yooj yim thiab adaptability rau appchains piv rau cov tsoos, monolithic blockchain architectures, qhov twg cov haujlwm no tau tsim los rau hauv ib qho kev pab cuam. Lawv tso cai rau kev tsim cov kev cai, kev tswj hwm blockchains - tsim kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab siv rooj plaub - qhov twg cov neeg siv tuaj yeem tsom mus rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thaum xa tawm mus rau lwm cov txheej txheem. Qhov no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txog kev tswj hwm cov peev txheej, vim nws tso cai rau cov tog neeg sib txawv tshwj xeeb hauv ntau qhov chaw thiab faib cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.
Qhov scalability ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev vam meej yav tom ntej. Vim muaj teeb meem scalability nyob rau hauv txheej-1 blockchain architecture, tau hloov mus rau kev siv modular blockchains los yog txheej-2 raws tu qauv, uas muaj kev daws teeb meem rau cov kev txwv ntawm monolithic systems.
Yog li ntawd, tus kev txais yuav txheej-2 tes hauj lwm yog nce, raws li lawv muab ib txoj hauv kev los daws qhov scalability thiab lwm yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv tam sim no blockchain tes hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ib txheej-1 zoo li Ethereum. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem-2 muab cov nqi qis dua, kev txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm tsawg dua thiab kev lag luam nrawm dua uas ua rau txoj hauv kev rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, ua rau muaj kev nyiam ntawm 600,000 cov neeg siv.
Appchains vs. monolithic chains
Appchains tsis txawv kiag li ntawm monolithic chains. Monolithic chains, zoo li appchains, ua raws li cov lus qhia fat-protocol qhov twg ib qho saw hlau ua haujlwm feem ntau decentralized nyiaj txiag (DeFi) kev ua thiab kho txhua yam ntawm ib txheej nrog ib qho tseem ceeb token. Txawm li cas los xij, txheej-1 blockchains nyuaj rau ntsuas. Appchains tam sim no tsis muaj tib qhov chaw txwv teeb meem xws li cov saw hlau monolithic, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem siv cov kev daws teeb meem yav tom ntej yog tias tsim nyog.
Stevie Barker, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Osmosis Labs tau piav qhia tias "Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov appchains yog kev sib koom ua ke," piav qhia Stevie Barker, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Osmosis Labs, tus txheej txheem kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm Cosmos ecosystem. Nws hais rau Cointelegraph:
"Appchains yog lub hwj chim vim tias lawv muaj kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm lawv tag nrho pawg thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm blockchain qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas lawv xav kho. Thiab lawv muaj kev sib cuam tshuam vim tias appchains tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. "
Appchains tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau cov neeg siv kev paub thiab ua kom tiav sai dua, yooj yim dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg lawv cov saw hlau los ntawm kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm los siv cov cai, tsim cov blocks, relay pauv thiab ntau dua. Xwb, lawv tuaj yeem qiv qhov kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem validators, interchain kev ruaj ntseg, los yog muab ob qho kev xaiv los qhia kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tag nrho cov interchain.
Osmosis tau tsim ib qho tshiab coj los ua pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg hu ua "superfluid staking" uas lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev siv neeg siv. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau cov neeg muab kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag los koom nrog cov tokens hauv lawv cov peev txheej (LP) sib koom los pab txhawb cov saw hlau. Nyob rau hauv rov qab, lawv yuav tau txais stakes khoom plig ntxiv rau lawv cov khoom plig LP, uas tuaj yeem pab ua kom lawv cov peev nyiaj tau zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib koom ua ke rau kev sib tw, vim tias cov chaw muab kev pabcuam muaj peev xwm ib txhij tau txais khoom plig rau lawv cov LP thiab cov haujlwm koom nrog.
Nrog rau kev nce qib tam sim no, tag nrho cov interchain yuav tuaj yeem siv nws cov khoom muaj nqis rau DeFi cov dej num yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv nruab nrab lossis cuam tshuam cov saw kev ruaj ntseg, ib yam li feem ntau nrog cov khoom siv ua kua staking derivatives. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov neeg siv kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm DeFi lub sijhawm thaum tswj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev faib tawm ntawm lawv cov peev txheej. Valentin Pletnev, CEO thiab co-founder ntawm Quasar, ib tug decentralized appchain tsim rau kev tswj cov cuab tam, hais rau Cointelegraph:
"Muab tag nrho pawg los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab tso cai rau cov nqi tsim khoom yooj yim thiab lub hom phiaj rau token - nws kuj tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li cov chains tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ib qho kev siv tshwj xeeb thiab ua kom zoo rau nws."
Appchains kuj tuaj yeem ua tau Tswj tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws Extractable Value (MEV), uas yog hais txog cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub hwj chim los txiav txim qhov kev txiav txim thiab suav nrog kev lag luam. MEV tau ua teeb meem rau DeFi cov neeg siv thoob plaws ntau lub ecosystems. Txawm li cas los xij, appchains tuaj yeem siv tau sai dua cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov saw hlau uas txo qis MEV siab phem thiab hloov pauv kev noj qab haus huv arbitrage cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm peb tog mus rau appchain nws tus kheej. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los thiab txo cov peev txheej rau kev siv hauv DeFi ecosystem.
Appchains tso cai rau radical blockchain kev sim ua kom sai. Thaum Tendermint thiab Cosmos SDK yog cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws uas pab kom cov apps tig mus. inter-blockchain kev sib txuas lus (IBC) raws tu qauv-npaj blockchains sai, tag nrho Cosmos pawg tsis tsim nyog los ua IBC-txuas appchain. Barney Mannerings, tus tsim ntawm Vega Protocol, ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb blockchain rau kev lag luam derivatives, hais rau Cointelegraph:
"Raws li qhov chaw tab tom mus rau ntau lub ntiaj teb thiab ntau txheej txheej - uas cov khoom muaj nqis tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm cov chains thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb - kev faib cov ntawv thov ntawm ntau lub hubs tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab."
Appchains muab txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas lus tshiab ntawm blockchains. Haiv neeg token hloov ntawm ecosystems tshem tawm cov txuas hniav thiab tso cai rau cov neeg token hloov chaw hla cov saw hlau.
App-specific blockchains kuj muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig zoo uas ua rau lawv txaus nyiam rau cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv tib yam. Lawv lub peev xwm los txhim kho daim ntawv thov 'scalability, kev ua tau zoo, kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov software tiam tom ntej. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, peb yuav pom ntau thiab ntau tus neeg tsim khoom siv app tshwj xeeb blockchains rau lawv cov ntawv thov.
Related: Blockchain Interoperability, piav qhia
Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntau lub appchains tuaj yeem ua rau lawv nyuaj dua thiab nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm piv rau lwm hom kev siv tshuab blockchain. Txij li thaum txhua lub app khiav ntawm nws cov blockchain, kev tswj hwm thiab tswj ntau lub blockchain tuaj yeem yog cov peev txheej siv zog thiab siv sijhawm. Kev sib koom ua ke sib txawv app chains tuaj yeem nyuaj vim muaj teeb meem kev sib raug zoo.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm app chains nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cai ntawm DApps nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho. Qee zaum, app chains yuav muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim thiab siv DApps, thaum lwm hom blockchain thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau lwm tus.
Tau qhov twg los: https://cointelegraph.com/news/app-specific-blockchains-remain-a-promising-solution-for-scalability