Keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Cross-Chain: Piav Nine Cross-Chain Solutions

Cov kev daws teeb meem hla hla tau yog cov lus hais ntau tshaj plaws rau lub xyoo dhau los. Nrog kev nce ntawm pej xeem saw infrastructures, tau muaj kev txaus siab loj npaum li cas sib txawv chains tham thiab sib txuas lus. Cov kev daws teeb meem tau raug npaj thiab siv, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj kev lag luam loj heev. Tam sim no peb tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov saw hlau sib txawv thiab qhia seb vim li cas thiab lawv yuav ua li cas rau yav tom ntej ntawm cov saw hlau txuas txuas.

Ua ntej, cia peb tham txog dab tsi cross-chain technology yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li xav tau. Yog vim li cas rau kev siv: chains yog heterogeneous thiab xav kom developers tseem ceeb lub sij hawm kom taug qab qhov sib txawv thiab cov kev cov nyom thaum tsiv cov cuab tam hla. Cov choj tsis tshua muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tau 100% vim tias lawv feem ntau yog cov tswv cuab los ntawm pawg blockchain project thiab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb (tsis muaj kev sib koom tes los ntawm txhua pab pawg). Lub hom phiaj ntawm txheej-1 blockchain yog los ua tus qauv, tab sis segmentation ntawm txheej-1 chains yog ua rau kev xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem hla-chain uas tseem nyob hauv qab txheej-1s.

Cov keeb kwm ntawm cross- chain mechanisms yuav tsum tau muab tso rau thiab muab piv kom nkag siab txog cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov saw hlau hla thiab sib piv lawv qhov sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv.

Hloov pauv phau ntawv

 
Thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem hla-chain yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cuab tam. Cov txheej txheem pib los ntawm kev muaj tus neeg siv hloov cov khoom muaj nqis mus rau ib lub hnab nyiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov saw A, thiab lub chaw nruab nrab saib xyuas lub hnab nyiaj rau kev hloov pauv thiab sau lawv hauv Excel. Tom qab ntawd tom qab lub sijhawm kawg (feem ntau yog rau kev saib xyuas), lub koom haum muab cov khoom muaj nqis mus rau cov saw B thaum kuaj xyuas. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv, tab sis nws yog qhov ua rau tib neeg yuam kev thiab muaj qhov lav tsis tshua muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Tseem tsis muaj decentralization hauv txoj hauv kev no.

Semi-automatic Hloov

Qhov kev rov ua dua tom ntej no txhim kho los ntawm kev muaj tus neeg siv hloov khoom muaj nqis mus rau ib lub hnab nyiaj tshwj xeeb thiab / lossis daim ntawv cog lus ntse ntawm cov saw A. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev pabcuam hauv nruab nrab saib xyuas qhov chaw nyob rau kev hloov pauv. Xws li ib qho kev pab cuam cia li xa cov cuab tam mus rau cov saw B raws li kev txheeb xyuas. Lub upside tseem yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv yam tsis muaj ntau qhov nyuaj lossis coding, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm cov saw hlau tsis siv hauv zos. Lub downside yog tias qhov kev pab cuam hauv nruab nrab tuaj yeem ua buggy lossis malfunction. Lub hauv paus credit account kuj yuav khiav tawm ntawm cov nyiaj thiab. Kev ruaj ntseg lav kuj tseem tsawg, thiab tsis muaj kev faib tawm.

Kev Nruab Nrab Sib Pauv

Thaum cov kev daws teeb meem sib txuas yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, cov kev sib pauv hauv nruab nrab muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov saw hlau. Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg siv hloov cov khoom muaj nqis rau hauv lawv qhov kev sib pauv hauv nruab nrab thiab tom qab ntawd, siv qhov sib pauv "sab hauv" sib pauv, tig "cov cuab tam X" ntawm cov saw A rau hauv "cov khoom muaj nqis Y" ntawm cov saw B los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj. Qhov kom zoo dua yog pom tseeb - nws yog qhov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv - tsis xav tau coding, thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm tier-1 exchanges. Tab sis qhov teeb meem nthuav tawm qhov tsis sib xws - kev tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaum tso nyiaj / rho tawm muaj. Kev sib pauv hauv nruab nrab muab kev nyab xeeb siab nrog kev poob qis ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws decentralization.

Centralized Choj

Qhov kev nce qib tom ntej no txhim kho los ntawm kev muaj kev sib cais ntawm kev hloov cov cuab tam hla cov saw hlau - tus choj. Tus choj nruab nrab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev muaj cov neeg siv khoom hloov pauv, tom qab ntawd siv tus choj hloov pauv qhov tshwj xeeb, pib hloov cov cuab tam X ntawm cov saw A rau hauv cov cuab tam Y ntawm cov saw B. A centralized (los yog ib txheej ntawm) relayer yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem:

Xauv cov cuab tam X ntawm saw A
xyuas
Mint cov cuab tam Y ntawm saw B
Qhov zoo ntawm tus choj no yog cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm phau ntawv. Thiab qhov tsis zoo tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm thaum tso nyiaj / rho tawm muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus choj yuav poob los yog hacked, ua rau nws tsis ua haujlwm ib ntus. Yog li kev ruaj ntseg yog nruab nrab, thiab tseem tsis muaj kev faib tawm.

Decentralized Choj nrog MPC

Qhov kev rov ua dua tom ntej yog decentralizing tus qauv pov thawj es tsis yog tus choj nruab nrab. Tus choj MPC (Multi-Party Computation) pib los ntawm kom cov neeg siv hloov cov cuab tam rau hauv nws. Siv tus choj hloov pauv feature, nws pib hloov cov khoom muaj nqis X ntawm cov saw A rau hauv cov cuab tam Y ntawm saw B. Feem ntau yog ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm cov relayers yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem:

Xauv cov cuab tam X ntawm saw A siv MPC
Tshawb xyuas siv MPC
Mint cov cuab tam Y ntawm saw B siv MPC
Lub upside ntawm MPC yog cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm phau ntawv, thiab cov relay nodes tsis tas yuav tsum tau centralized. Qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi suav thiab kev sib txuas lus siab ntawm MPC. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nodes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los yog colluded. Kev ruaj ntseg yog nruab nrab, thaum decentralization kuj yog nruab nrab.

Atomic Swap Choj nrog HTLC

Lwm chav kawm ntawm cov txuas hniav tshwm sim nyob ntawm atomic swap (Lightning Network) thev naus laus zis. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm: tus neeg siv hloov cov khoom muaj nqis rau hauv tus choj atomic swap thiab tom qab ntawd siv tus choj hloov chaw, pib hloov cov cuab tam X ntawm saw A rau hauv cov cuab tam Y ntawm saw B:

Tsim HTLC tshiab - Hash Lock Timed Contract
Tso cov cuab tam X rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm saw A
Tsim hash xauv qhov tseem ceeb + encrypt qhov zais cia rau qhov kawg tshem tawm hauv lub sijhawm T ntawm saw B
Qhia encrypted zais cia rau kev cog lus ntawm saw B kom thim cov khoom muaj nqis Y
LOSSIS lub sijhawm T tau dhau mus, thiab rov qab tau cov khoom muaj nqis X los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm saw A nrog cov ntaub ntawv zais cia
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog tias tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov / txheej txheem tswj tus choj hloov chaw. Thiab qhov tsis zoo yog feem ntau - tus nqi siab ntawm kev xa HTLC thiab khiav HTLC hu. Vim tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, kev tswj xyuas kev ruaj ntseg siab thiab kev tshawb xyuas txoj kev nyuaj. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txoj kev no yog siab, thiab decentralization kuj siab, vim hais tias saum toj no drawbacks.

Hla-chain Interoperability nrog Lub Teeb Client + Oracle

Tom qab tus choj raug nqi siab, kev siv ntau dua tau yug los txo tus nqi no. Lub teeb neeg siv tshuab tau dhau los ua tus qauv tshiab los ua kom yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas cov saw hlau. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no:

Ua ntej, tus neeg siv hloov cov khoom muaj nqis X rau hauv txoj kab sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ntawm saw A
Cov lus hloov pauv yog teem rau ntawm daim ntawv cog lus thiab tau txais los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov relayer nodes
Nodes xa cov ntawv pov thawj hla mus rau cov txheej txheem daim ntawv cog lus ntawm saw B
Thaiv header (lub teeb neeg siv) hloov tshiab yog tswj hwm los ntawm Oracle network kom ntseeg tau tias xa khoom thiab siv tau
Tus neeg siv rho tawm cov cuab tam Y los ntawm cov txheej txheem daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov saw B thaum siv tau
Qhov zoo ntawm txoj hauv kev no yog tias tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab token lossis cov saw hlau xav tau los ntawm kev hloov mus rau kev ua tiav. Kev lees paub tam sim yog ua tau tom qab cov block headers tau hloov kho. Qhov tsis zoo yog 1) kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo los ntawm Oracles, 2) vim tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, tswj kev ruaj ntseg siab, thiab kev tshawb xyuas txoj kev nyuaj. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txoj hauv kev no yog nruab nrab, thaum decentralization yog siab.

Cross-chain Interoperability nrog Relay Chain

Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Oracle mus kom ze, ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntshiab relay-chain kuj muaj. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv me ntsis:

Tus neeg siv hloov cov khoom muaj nqis X rau hauv cov saw hlau sib cuam tshuam kev sib koom ua ke cov ntawv cog lus ntawm saw A
Cov lus hloov pauv yog teem rau ntawm daim ntawv cog lus thiab tau txais los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov relayer nodes
Nodes xa cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj mus rau relay saw daim ntawv cog lus
Lub hauv paus relay saw validators tuav thaiv kev hloov tshiab kom ntseeg tau tias xa khoom thiab siv tau
Thaum muaj kev lees paub, relayer nodes xa cov lus xa mus rau tus txheej txheem daim ntawv cog lus ntawm saw B
Tus neeg siv rho cov cuab tam Y los ntawm cov txheej txheem daim ntawv cog lus ntawm saw B
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj hauv kev no dhau qhov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim Oracle yog tus nqi pheej yig dua los ntawm cov saw txuas txuas uas siv feem ntau ntawm cov nqi. Kev lees paub tam sim yog ua tau tom qab cov blocks tau hloov kho, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev daws cov sij hawm ncua ntev. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav tsis txhawb nqa tag nrho cov saw ecosystem. Kev ruaj ntseg yog siab (nyob rau hauv ecosystem), thiab decentralization kuj siab.

Hla-chain Infrastructure Txheej nrog Lub Teeb Client + Relay Chain

Cov kev daws teeb meem tom ntej no yog tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem hla-chain infrastructure daws tag nrho cov teeb meem tseem ceeb saum toj no. Nws muab cov neeg siv khoom siv thev naus laus zis sib txuas nrog cov saw txuas txuas ntxiv kom sib txuas tag nrho cov saw hlau:

Tus neeg siv hloov cov cuab tam X mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib tshuam ntawm cov saw A
Cov lus hloov pauv yog teem rau ntawm daim ntawv cog lus thiab tau txais los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov relayer nodes
Nodes xa cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj mus rau lub relay saw lub interoperability daim ntawv cog lus
Thaiv header (teeb neeg siv) hloov tshiab yog tswj los ntawm decentralized tswj nodes los xyuas kom meej tus me nyuam thiab siv tau
Thaum muaj kev lees paub, relayer nodes xa cov lus xa mus rau cov ntawv cog lus sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw B
Tus neeg siv rho tawm cov cuab tam Y los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw B
Qhov kev daws teeb meem no ua kom muaj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi pheej yig heev vim kev siv cov saw hlau txuas. Nws kuj tseem muab qhov kev lees paub tam sim tom qab cov block headers tau hloov kho. Qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws yog qhov nyuaj siab ntawm optimizing lub teeb cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov saw hlau relay. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txaus thiab engineering, cov kev ua kom zoo no yuav tsum txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig uas lwm tus tsis tuaj yeem daws tau. Kev ruaj ntseg yog siab heev, thiab decentralization yog siab.

Hais txog MAP Protocol

Tawm ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem hla hla, peb tseem tsis tau pom ib qho uas daws txhua yam teeb meem saum toj no. Kom txog thaum MAP raws tu qauv raug siv. Tom qab 3 xyoos ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob, MAP Protocol thaum kawg tau ua tiav Omnichain txheej nrog lub teeb Client + relay saw tshuab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. MAP tau siv Omnichain cov hauv paus ntsiab lus nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

Tus tsim tawm Npaj
Txhua-Chain Kev Pabcuam
Nqi Tsawg
Kev ruaj ntseg kawg
Kev lees paub tam sim

MAP Protocol yog txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej los txhawb kev tsim cov choj, DEXes, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab lwm yam. Nws txhawb kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov neeg siv lub teeb ntawm MAP relay saw ncaj qha - kom txo cov nqi. Thiab nws muab Kev Cuam Tshuam ua rau hauv txhua qhov sib xyaw rau dapp developers kom khwv tau lossis nthuav tawm rau cov neeg siv kawg. MAP txhawb EVM thiab tsis-EVM chains - cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog isomorphic nrog txhua cov saw hlau.

Rau yav tom ntej, MAP yog cov txheej txheem tom qab txhua txoj saw hlau uas yuav yog txheej txheej tshiab. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsis txwv los ntawm lawv txoj kev xaiv thiab tuaj yeem tsom mus rau dapp khoom nws tus kheej. Lub neej yav tom ntej yog Omnichain, thiab ntau modularization thiab incentivization yog txoj kev mus.