Yog vim li cas liab hydrogen tsim siv nuclear tej zaum yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm loj ua si

Los ntawm Tesla lub Elon Musk rau European Commission Thawj Tswj Hwm Ursula von der Leyen, thiab Ob peb xyoos dhau los no tau pom ntau lub npe nrov tham txog lub luag haujlwm hydrogen tuaj yeem - lossis tsis tuaj yeem - ua si hauv ntiaj teb hloov mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej.

Musk muaj qhia tsis ntseeg hais txog hydrogen qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis ntau tus xav tias nws tuaj yeem pab txo qis emissions hauv ntau cov haujlwm, suav nrog kev thauj mus los thiab kev lag luam hnyav.   

Thaum muaj qhov nrov nrov txog hydrogen thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb raws li lub cuab yeej hauv kev ruaj ntseg rau yav tom ntej uas tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg - lub ntsiab lus uas tau tsim ntau sib cav nyob rau hauv lub hlis tsis ntev los no - feem coob ntawm nws cov ntau lawm yog tseem raws li fossil fuels.

Tseeb, raws li a Lub Cuaj Hli 2022 nrhiav kev qhia los ntawm International Energy Agency, low-emission hydrogen production in 2021 accounted for less than 1% of global hydrogen production.

Yog tias nws yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv kev npaj lub zog hloov pauv, tom qab ntawd hydrogen tiam yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hauv txoj kev loj zoo nkauj.   

Rachael Rothman, tus thawj coj ntawm Grantham Center for Sustainable Futures ntawm University of Sheffield tau hais tias "Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau hais yog tias hydrogen tsis muaj nyob hauv ib txwm muaj, yog li nws yuav tsum tau tsim tawm," said Rachael Rothman, tus thawj coj ntawm Grantham Center for Sustainable Futures ntawm University of Sheffield.

"Nws muaj ntau lub peev xwm los pab peb decarbonize mus tom ntej, tab sis peb yuav tsum nrhiav cov pa roj carbon tsawg ntawm kev tsim nws thawj qhov chaw," nws hais ntxiv tias ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim khoom tau "siv cov xim sib txawv."

"Txog 95% ntawm peb cov hydrogen niaj hnub no los ntawm cov pa methane hloov kho thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide loj, thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov hu ua 'grey' hydrogen," Rothman hais rau CNBC.

Grey hydrogen yog, raws li lub zog ruaj khov Daim phiaj teb chaws, "tsim los ntawm natural gas, los yog methane." Nws hais tias lub tsev cog khoom gases txuam nrog cov txheej txheem tsis raug ntes, yog li cov pa roj carbon hneev taw uas Rothman hais txog.

Lub dominance ntawm xws li ib txoj kev yog kom meej meej nyob rau hauv odds nrog net-zero lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no muaj ntau qhov chaw, cov txheej txheem thiab cov xim ntawm hydrogen tau muab tso ua lwm txoj hauv kev.

Cov no suav nrog cov hydrogen ntsuab, uas yog hais txog hydrogen uas tsim los siv dua tshiab thiab electrolysis, nrog rau hluav taws xob tam sim no cais dej rau hauv oxygen thiab hydrogen.

Blue hydrogen, ntawm qhov tod tes, qhia txog kev siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide - cov roj fossil - thiab kev siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab khaws cia. Muaj ib tug raug nqi kev sib cav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub luag haujlwm xiav hydrogen tuaj yeem ua si hauv decarbonization ntawm tib neeg.

Ntxiv nrog rau xiav thiab ntsuab, lwm yam xim uas ntxim nyiam yog paj yeeb. Zoo li ntsuab hydrogen, nws cov txheej txheem suav nrog electrolysis, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb: paj yeeb siv nuclear.

"Yog tias koj faib ... dej, koj tau txais hydrogen thiab oxygen," Rothman hais. "Tab sis kev sib cais dej siv lub zog, yog li dab tsi liab hydrogen yog hais txog yog cais dej siv lub zog uas tau los ntawm nuclear."

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias "tag nrho cov kab ke yog cov pa roj carbon tsawg, vim ... tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon hauv dej ... tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg heev vim tias nws yog nuclear."

Nrog rau electrolysis, Rothman tau sau tseg tias nuclear kuj tseem siv tau nrog qee yam hu ua thermochemical voj voog.

Qhov no, nws piav qhia, siv qhov kub siab heev los faib dej rau hauv oxygen thiab hydrogen. 

Pink hydrogen twb muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb backers. Cov no suav nrog EDF Zog, uas tau ntab lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen ntawm Sizewell C, 3.2-gigawatt nuclear fais fab chaw nres tsheb npaj rau UK

" Ntawm Sizewell C, peb tab tom tshawb nrhiav seb peb tuaj yeem tsim thiab siv hydrogen li cas hauv ntau txoj hauv kev," tus firm lub vev xaib hais tias. "Ua ntej, nws tuaj yeem pab txo qis emissions thaum tsim lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab."

"Qhov thib ob, ib zaug Sizewell C ua haujlwm, peb cia siab tias yuav siv qee qhov cua sov nws tsim (nrog rau hluav taws xob) ua kom hydrogen ua tau zoo dua," nws ntxiv.

EDF Zog, uas yog ib feem ntawm ntau haiv neeg EDF Group, tau hais hauv nqe lus xa mus rau CNBC: "Hydrogen tsim los ntawm nuclear fais fab tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob."

Lub tuam txhab kuj tau lees paub tias muaj cov teeb meem uas ntsib cov sector thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Nws tau hais tias "Hydrogen tam sim no yog cov roj uas kim heev thiab yog li qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb rau cov pa roj carbon electrolytic hydrogen tsawg, txawm tias tsim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab lossis hluav taws xob nuclear, yog los txo cov nqi tsim khoom," nws hais.

Qhov no xav tau "txoj cai txhawb nqa uas txhawb kev nqis peev hauv cov phiaj xwm hydrogen thaum ntxov thiab txhawb cov neeg siv hloov los ntawm fossil fuels mus rau qis carbon hydrogen."

"Kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg yuav xa cov kev lag luam ntawm cov nplai thiab "kev kawm los ntawm kev ua" uas yuav pab txo qis cov nqi tsim khoom."

Txawm hais tias muaj kev zoo siab txog lub luag haujlwm nuclear tuaj yeem ua si hauv hydrogen ntau lawm thiab kev hloov pauv lub zog dav dua - IEA, piv txwv li, hais tias lub zog nuclear muaj "muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb los pab txhawb rau lub zog hluav taws xob decarbonisation" - nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias nws tsis nyiam los ntawm txhua tus. .

Cov neeg thuam suav nrog Greenpeace. "Nuclear zog yog touted raws li kev daws teeb meem rau peb lub zog, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag nws yog complex thiab loj heev los tsim," lub koom haum ib puag ncig hais. "Nws kuj tseem tsim cov khoom pov tseg loj heev."

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntau xim?

Thaum nws xam phaj nrog CNBC, University of Sheffield's Rothman tau hais txog daim duab loj dua thiab lub luag haujlwm sib txawv ntawm hydrogen yuav ua si. Peb puas tuaj yeem pom lub sijhawm thaum qib xiav thiab grey hydrogen poob rau xoom?

"Nws nyob ntawm lub sijhawm uas koj tab tom saib ntev npaum li cas," nws hais ntxiv tias "hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho, lawv yuav poob qis heev."

Rothman tau hais tias "Thaum kawg, peb lub hom phiaj tau tshem tawm tag nrho peb cov grey hydrogen, vim tias grey hydrogen muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab peb yuav tsum tau tshem tawm nws," Rothman hais.

"Raws li peb txhim kho carbon capture thiab khaws cia, tej zaum yuav muaj chaw rau xiav hydrogen thiab qhov tseem tsis tau raug soj ntsuam, nyob ntawm ...

"Lub paj liab thiab ntsuab peb paub tias yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw rau vim tias qhov ntawd yog qhov koj tau txais cov pa roj carbon tsawg [hydrogen], thiab peb paub tias nws yuav tsum yog, nws tuaj yeem mus txog qhov ntawd."

Fiona Rayment, tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm UK National Nuclear Laboratory - uas, zoo li EDF Energy, yog tus tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum ua lag luam Hydrogen UK - nias lub tsev qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj ntau yam kev xaiv muaj nyob rau hauv xyoo tom ntej.

“Qhov kev sib tw ntawm net xoom tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees; peb yuav tsum tau txais txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg los hloov peb txoj kev cia siab rau cov roj fossil, "nws hais rau CNBC.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev sib tham txog kev siv cov xim sib txawv ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm hydrogen ntau lawm, kuj tseem muaj kev sib tham zoo txog seb qhov kev faib tawm yuav tsum muaj nyob rau txhua qhov.

"Qhov peb xav tau yog cov pa roj carbon tsawg," Rothman hais. "Thiab kuv paub tias muaj ntau qhov tsis meej pem txog ntau yam xim, thiab kuv tau hnov ​​qee tus neeg hais tias ... 'Vim li cas peb tseem muaj xim, vim li cas peb thiaj tsis muaj hydrogen thiab carbon hydrogen tsawg?'

"Thiab thaum kawg, nws yog qhov qis carbon me ntsis uas tseem ceeb, thiab ob qho tib si liab thiab ntsuab yuav ua li ntawd."