Ukrainian Su-27s thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej ua tsov rog.
Ukrainian Air Force yees duab
Cov tub rog Ukrainian tau pib ua tsov rog tam sim no ntawm qhov tsis zoo loj piv rau cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov dav hlau tsawg dua thiab laus dua, ntau lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog, vexing pilot shortages.
Ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwj xeeb tau sawv tawm - thiab tau pab txhais cov phiaj xwm dav hlau txuas ntxiv thaum tsov rog nkag mus rau nws lub hlis thib peb. Russia muaj hluav taws-thiab-tsis nco qab cua-rau-air missiles. Ukraine tus kheej, cov cuaj luaj qub xav tau kev taw qhia tas li - thiab ua rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua.
Qhov tsis sib xws yog qhov tsis zoo txaus uas, hauv ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev thov ncaj qha rau cov neeg txhawb nqa txawv teb chaws, Ukrainian huab cua caj npab tau thov kom zoo dua, "smarter" missiles.
In tus yees duab Cov huab cua sab caj npab tau tshaj tawm hauv kev tshaj xov xwm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 26, Col. Yuri Bulavka, tus kws tsav dav hlau Su-27, tau thov rau cov neeg Asmeskas ua F-15, F-16 lossis F-18 los pab nws thiab nws cov phooj ywg aviators phim cov neeg Lavxias kawg. Su-30 thiab Su-35 fighters.
"Tom qab tag nrho, cov dav hlau no muaj lub zog loj hauv huab cua radars, cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov cuaj luaj nrog lub taub hau ua haujlwm," Bulavka tau hais.
Txog tam sim no, txawm li cas los xij, cov xeev pub dawb tau muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab ntawm cov khoom seem dua cov dav hlau tshiab nrog cov cuaj luaj. Ib pawg ntawm cov khoom uas NATO lub teb chaws - zoo li Poland, Bulgaria lossis Slovakia - tsis ntev los no tau xa mus rau Ukraine tau pab Ukrainians kho 20 lub dav hlau hauv av, feem ntau yuav yog MiG-29 fighters.
Nrog rau cov MiGs ruaj khov, Kyiv cov tub rog huab cua yeej muaj ntau dua "ua haujlwm" dav hlau thaum lub Plaub Hlis 19 dua li nws tau ua ob lub lis piam ua ntej, raws li US Defense Department spokesman John Kirby.
Txawm li cas los xij, Ukrainian cov tub rog huab cua poob qis rau ib nrab ntawm nws lub zog ua ntej ua tsov ua rog ntawm ib ncig ntawm 125 tus neeg tua rog, tua dav hlau thiab foob pob. Squadrons ya nyob ib ncig ntawm kaum os txhua Su-25 tawm tsam dav hlau thiab Su-24 cov foob pob tshwm sim tau tawg tom qab kev poob hnyav thaum ntxov ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Cov tub rog rau los yog li ntawd, ua ke ya peb lub kaum os hnyav Su-27s thiab 50 los yog sib dua MiG-29s, pom tau tias tseem ua haujlwm. Thaum lub Peb Hlis lig, txawm li cas los xij, cov Ukrainians tau ya tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 sorties ib hnub twg, piv rau ntau pua uas loj dua Lavxias teb sab huab cua tuaj yeem ya txhua hnub txawm tias tom qab poob ntau lub dav hlau mus rau Ukrainian tiv thaiv.
Pentagon cov tub ceev xwm, thiab qee zaus cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv social media, lees paub tias Ukrainian tub rog tseem nyob hauv kev sib ntaus. Tab sis nws pom tseeb tias MiGs thiab Sukhois feem ntau yog ya tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Ukraine thaum zam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb.
Kyiv cov pilots tiv thaiv lub nroog Ukrainians twb tswj. Tab sis lawv tsis tau koom tes nrog kev mob siab rau ntshav los tso cov nroog, xws li Kherson nyob rau sab qab teb, uas cov neeg Lavxias tau ntes.
Cov kab pem hauv ntej muaj cov yeeb ncuab hauv av-raws li huab cua tiv thaiv, ntawm chav kawm-air-defenses Ukrainians nrog lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev sib tw. Tab sis huab cua-rau-huab cua tsis sib haum xeeb yog lwm qhov laj thawj ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Ukraine xyoo 1980s-vintage MiGs thiab Sukhois feem ntau tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ya nyob ze cov tub rog Lavxias.
Qhov ntawd yog vim cov dav hlau Lavxias tuaj yeem nqa cov cuaj luaj cua-rau-huab cua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau 60 mais deb lossis deb dua thiab tom qab ntawd tig tam sim ntawd. Qhov ntawd cia cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias tua mus rau pem hauv ntej tsis venturing nyob ze pem hauv ntej, yog li nthuav lawv tus kheej mus rau qhov txaus ntshai.
Ukrainian pilots ua tsis tau li ntawd. Tom qab tua lawv cov cuaj luaj cua-rau-huab cua, lawv yuav tsum tau ya mus ntxiv qab cov missiles, mus rau cov yeeb ncuab thiab cov yeeb ncuab txhawb nqa cov roj teeb saum npoo av. Txhawm rau sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau pem hauv ntej, Ukrainians tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis cua tuaj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv hauv av.
Technology ua rau txhua qhov sib txawv. Lavxias teb sab cua tub rog tus qauv huab cua-rau-air missile yog R-77, ib tug 400-phaus munition nrog ib tug ntau ntawm 60 mais los yog ntau tshaj ntxiv rau ib tug nquag nrhiav.
Ntawd yog, R-77 muaj lub radar me me hauv nws lub qhov ntswg. Ua ntej tshaj tawm R-77, tus kws tsav dav hlau xauv lub foob pob mus rau lub hom phiaj - hauv qhov tseem ceeb, qhia nws qhov twg blip ntawm lub dav hlau lub radar screen mus tom qab. Nws nyem lub cim thiab tso lub foob pob hluav taws - thiab nws txoj haujlwm tiav. Lub missile tus kheej radar scans lub ntuj rau nws lub hom phiaj thiab coj mus rau nws. Tsis xav tau kev pab.
Cov neeg Ukrainians tsis muaj R-77 - thiab, tsis muaj lub dav hlau tshiab, siv tsis tau txawm tias lawv puas tau muaj. Hloov chaw, lawv siv cov laus R-27, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-era Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Kyiv thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws munition uas yog sib xws nrog qub-qauv MiGs thiab Sukhois.
Lub 550-phaus R-27 los ntawm ntau tus qauv, tab sis R-27ER thiab R-27ET yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum ib tug Ukrainian Su-27 pilot dodging Lavxias teb sab bombardment luv luv tsaws hauv Romania Nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Lub Ob Hlis 24, nws lub dav hlau tau ntim ob lub ERs thiab ETs ntxiv rau ib khub ntawm luv-nqi infrared R-73s.
ET muaj cov neeg nrhiav infrared, uas tuaj yeem txiav nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ib nrab. Lub ER muaj ib tug semi-active radar nrhiav uas ua hauj lwm ntawm lub missile lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm 60 mais los yog txawm nyob deb.
Kev ntes yog tias radar tsis yog in lub missile. Hloov chaw, lub missile muaj ib tug passive radar receiver - ib tug kav hlau txais xov uas ntes lub zog los ntawm lub launching fighter thiab xav txog tawm lub hom phiaj. Yog hais tias lub launching pilot hloov nws lub radar los yog txawm tig nws lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub dav hlau deb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, lub missile poob lub teeb liab ... thiab drifts off-target.
Ib qho R-27 ya ntawm plaub npaug ntawm lub suab nrawm. Tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm nws yuav siv R-27 los txog ntawm nws lub hom phiaj - hais, ob peb feeb - lub foob pob hluav taws tau kaw los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 60 mais ntawm nws lub hom phiaj mus txog li 45 mais. Thiab tus tua ya ncaj thiab theem tag nrho lub sijhawm.
Qhov phem tshaj, lub radar sib ntaus sib tua, hloov mus rau, yog "lub teeb tuav tes [hauv] lub chaw ntau pob tsaus," rau quote Tom Cooper, tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws tshaj lij ntawm tub rog Lavxias. Tseeb, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov koj tab tom teeb pom kev. Tab sis tus yeeb ncuab, lub sijhawm no, tuaj yeem nrhiav tau koj raws li koj lub teeb.
Txhua yam uas yog hais, ib tug tub rog tua hluav taws xob tua hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis zoo loj piv rau cov tub rog huab cua tua cov cuaj luaj.
Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian dav hlau sib tsoo ntau zaus nyob rau hauv lub heady thaum ntxov ua tsov ua rog raws li Lavxias teb sab rog nce mus txog peb pem hauv ntej - mus rau ob hnub no. Nws tsis paub meej tias muaj pes tsawg tus kws tsav dav hlau ntawm txhua sab tau raug tua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua lossis los ntawm cov tub rog hauv av thaum koom hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua.
Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias Ukraine nrog tsuas yog 125 lub dav hlau, ua ntej ua tsov rog, tau poob tsis pub tsawg dua 16 ntawm lawv. Russia tau xa ntau pua lub dav hlau ua rog rau kev sib tw Ukraine thiab tau poob tsawg kawg 24 ntawm lawv. Raws li txoj cai, Kyiv qhov ruaj-tis poob tej zaum yuav siab dua.
Ukrainian pilots tau sim txo qhov sib txawv ntawm missile sib txawv los ntawm tag nrho cov eschewing radar-coj R-27ERs thiab firing infrared R-27ETs, hloov. Tab sis muaj ib qho teeb meem, Cooper tau taw qhia.
Lub R-27ET tus neeg nrhiav lub taub hau "yog hnub tim ... thiab muaj qhov yuav tau luv luv," Cooper sau. "Ob peb [Ukrainian] MiGs thiab Sukhois tau raug tua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab interceptors thaum sim txiav ntau yam thiab xa lawv cov R-27ETs."
Txawm tias muaj riam phom tsis txaus, Kyiv's pilots tau ua pov thawj xav tsis thoob tawm tsam qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Thiab sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv lub kaus ntawm tus phooj ywg SAMs, eases lawv missile disadvantage. Tab sis lawv xav tau kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog cov foob pob hluav taws.
Txawm hais tias cov neeg Ukrainians thov, txawm li cas los xij, Tebchaws Meskas thiab nws cov phooj ywg NATO tsis muaj phiaj xwm tam sim ntawd -tias lawv yuav lees paub- txhawm rau muab Ukraine nrog cov tub rog tshiab uas sib haum nrog hluav taws-thiab-tsis nco qab cuaj luaj.
"Qhov no yog ib lub dav hlau tub rog uas tso siab rau lub qub Soviet aircraft, uas yog qhov lawv tau siv los ya, qhov ntawd yog qhov lawv tau txais hauv lawv lub nkoj," tus neeg tsis muaj npe Pentagon. qhia reporters nyob rau hnub Thursday. "Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb tab tom sim pab lawv nyob hauv huab cua."
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/04/30/ukraines-pilots-are-flying-into-battle-with-poor-missiles-its-one-reason-they-get- tua-down/