Ukraine's Artillery tej zaum yuav yeej Tsov Rog nrog Russia

Raws li Russia nthuav dav nws txoj kev ua tsov rog hauv Ukraine thaum lub Ob Hlis lig, ntau tus neeg soj ntsuam tau xav tias Lavxias cov phom loj yuav ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Tom qab tag nrho, cov tub rog Lavxias siv ib qho ntawm cov phom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb: 4,700 towed thiab self-propelled phom thiab foob pob ua ntxaij launchers.

Thiab Lavxias teb sab lus qhuab qhia subordinates lwm lub zog - tso tsheb hlau luam, infantry - rau cov phom loj. Mechanized rog punch qhov nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, pinning down yeeb ncuab pab tub rog kom cov artillery ua kom tiav lawv.

Tab sis thaum cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab, 125 battalion tactical pawg muaj zog, dov mus rau hauv Ukraine los ntawm peb cov lus qhia thaum sawv ntxov Lub Ob Hlis 24, nws tau ntsib kev tawm tsam hnyav. Tsis muaj qhov hnyav dua li ntawm Ukraine tus kheej cov phom loj.

"Lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv tau ua rau cov neeg Lavxias qeeb, tab sis qhov uas tua lawv yog peb cov phom loj," tus kws tshaj lij rau Gen. Valerii Zaluzhnyi, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Ukrainian, hais rau Jack Watling thiab Nick Reynolds los ntawm Royal Services Institute hauv London.

Russia nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav tau tsim ib tug sophisticated hluav taws-tswj system uas sib txuas hluav taws xob eavesdroppers, radars thiab unmanned aerial tsheb pinpointing lub hom phiaj rau artillery. Cov txheej txheem ntawd tau ua haujlwm rau kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv Ukraine sab hnub tuaj Donbas thaj av pib xyoo 2014.

Tab sis nyob hauv lub tam sim no theem ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws yog Ukraine tus kheej hluav taws-tswj system uas tau ua pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws. Radars, off-the-shelf drones, kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab txawm tias cov neeg pej xeem hu xov tooj rau cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lawv lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau pab Ukrainian cov tub rog cov phom loj tsis tu ncua rau phaus Lavxias. Moscow ntseeg tau tau ploj lawm Ntau tshaj 1,700 lub tsheb hauv tsuas yog tshaj 60 hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Thiab tej zaum nws yuav ua phem rau cov Russians. Cov neeg pub nyiaj txawv teb chaws tab tom xa mus rau Ukraine tsis muaj tsawg dua 200 artillery pieces, suav nrog qee qhov tseeb European tus kheej-propelled howitzers.

Cov phom pub dawb yuav tsum ntau tshaj qhov ua rau zoo Ukraine qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua poob, tag nrho nyob ib ncig ntawm 60 artillery pieces uas cov kws tshuaj ntsuam sab nraud tuaj yeem lees paub. Raws li kev ua tsov rog dav dua mus rau hauv nws lub hlis thib peb ntshav, Ukraine tau teeb tsa ntau dua-thiab zoo dua-cov phom loj dua li nws muaj thaum pib.

Yog hais tias muaj ib tug ntes, nws yog hais tias Kyiv tau txais tshiab artillery los ntawm deb thiab dav. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm rab phom thiab launchers tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tw logistical.

Ukraine pib ua tsov rog nrog 1,800 artillery pieces muab rau 25 active kab brigades, tsib cais artillery brigades thiab reserves thiab thaj chaw tsim. Yuav luag tag nrho cov phom thiab launchers yog ex-Soviet qauv, suav nrog 300 txhua 122-millimeter 2S1 thiab 152-millimeter 2S3 self-propelled howitzers, ib lub kaum os lossis ntau dua 203-millimeter 2S7 tus kheej-propelled howitzers ntxiv rau 500 towed phom 400 lub log, thiab 300 hnyav mortars.

Thaum ntxov ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Ukraine tsom nws cov phom thiab tua phom nyob ib ncig ntawm Kyiv. Lawv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm raws li Lavxias teb sab battalions dov sab qab teb los ntawm Russia thiab Belarus sim mus ntes lub peev lub nroog.

"Raws li cov neeg Lavxias tau tsiv mus nyob hauv nroog, cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau pib tshaj tawm lawv txoj kev txav mus los, thaum Ukrainian tshwj xeeb tub rog thiab UAVs tau cim lub hom phiaj rau cov phom loj," Watling thiab Reynolds tau sau.

"Txawm hais tias cov Russians muaj phom loj dua, lawv tsis muaj daim duab zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Ukrainian tawg," cov kws tshuaj ntsuam txuas ntxiv. "Qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm txoj kev, lub sijhawm no, txhais tau hais tias rab phom Lavxias feem ntau tawm ntawm Ukrainian roj teeb, txawm tias cov neeg Ukrainians nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov haujlwm Lavxias tom ntej."

Russia cov khoom tsis txaus, cov tub rog coj tsis zoo yeej tsis tau tswj hwm tag nrho los siv nws cov phom tua hluav taws-tswj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej heev qhia Nyob rau ntawm tus dej Desna ze Chernihiv thaum ntxov lub Plaub Hlis, Ukrainian commandos caij nyob rau hauv speedboats cuam tshuam ib tug Lavxias teb sab convoy thiab ntes ib tug ntawm cov Russians 'tam sim no SNAR-10M1 radar tsheb.

Ukraine tus kheej hluav taws-tswj system los ntawm kev sib piv tau loj hlob ntau sophisticated raws li tsov rog hnav rau. Lub koom haum pab dawb ua haujlwm kev cai octocopter drones nruab nrog laser spotters pib sparkling lub hom phiaj rau hauv zos ua Kev laser-guided shells, tso cai rau Kyiv tus neeg tua phom ncaj qha los rhuav tshem cov tsheb armored hauv cov tiaj nraum qaum tsev thiab cov chaw.

Cov tub rog Lavxias muaj lub caij nyoog ua kom zoo dua. Tom qab rub cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm Kiev suburbs thaum lub Peb Hlis lig, Kremlin tau txhawb nqa nws cov tub rog ua ke hauv Donbas thiab Ukraine sab qab teb. Russia lub hom phiaj ua tsov rog qub - kev hloov pauv nom tswv - yog dhau mus. Tab sis Moscow tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev nthuav dav thaj chaw uas nws tswj hwm hauv Donbas nrog rau kev ruaj ntseg ib thaj av choj ntawm Donbas thiab nyob hauv Crimea.

Cov Russians yuav tsum ua li ntawd nrog rab phom tsawg heev. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau poob tsis muaj tsawg dua 200 cov phom loj hauv Ukraine ntxiv rau ntau lub tsheb txhawb nqa. Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim ua kom zoo tag nrho nws cov kev poob vim yog nruj rau kev nplua rau txawv teb chaws.

Raws li Watling thiab Reynolds tau taw qhia, cov tub rog Lavxias 9M949 coj foob pob hluav taws suav nrog Asmeskas ua fiber ntau-optic gyroscope rau inertial navigation. Qhov ntawd yog ib rab phom phom uas cov Russians tsis tuaj yeem ua ntau dua.

Cov Ukrainians ntawm qhov tod tes yog zoo-tsim tub rog los ntawm hnub raws li tseem ceeb txawv teb chaws pab tub rog pib ntws. Tebchaws Asmeskas tab tom muab 90 towed 155-millimeter howitzers uas tau sib xws nrog Excalibur laser-guided shells. Poland thiab Czech koom pheej ua ke xa tsawg kawg 20 2S1s.

Tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub Netherlands tau pub nyiaj txog yim PzH 2000 taug qab 155-millimeter howitzers - thiab Fabkis tau muab lub kaum os Cesar wheeled howitzers ntawm tib lub caliber. Cov no yog qee cov phom niaj hnub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm artillery yog unwieldy, vim txhua yam sib txawv xav tau cov khoom sib txawv thiab kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov phom tshiab txawv teb chaws siv tib lub NATO-tus qauv 155-millimeter mos txwv, uas ib qho ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tuaj yeem muab tau ntau.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, Ukraine qhov hluav taws kub tswj qhov system muaj zog, thaum Russia lub cev tsis muaj zog. Raws li kev tsov rog hauv Ukraine ua pov thawj txhua hnub, nws tsis muaj teeb meem pes tsawg rab phom koj muaj yog tias koj tsis paub yuav taw tes rau qhov twg.