Ukraine yog ib qho me me tab sis muaj zog ua lag luam rau Wine

Ib tug ntev keeb kwm thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm grapes tsav lub teb chaws lub winemaking

Lub sijhawm nyuaj rau Ukrainians suav nrog kev lag luam cawv, uas raug kev txom nyem poob tom qab Russia lub 2014 annexation ntawm Crimea, yav tas los autonomous xeev nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab nws historic centre ntawm ntau lawm. Lub xyoo 2014 ntxeem tau, sau tseg Wines ntawm Ukraine lub vev xaib, "tau ua mob hnyav rau kev lag luam" nrog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm nws cov khoom lag luam - feem ntau yog cov khoom qab zib thiab khoom qab zib wines-poob. Hauv qhov kev koom ua ke ntawd, 61,780 daim av ntawm vineyards txeeb, suav nrog keeb kwm Massandra winery.

Tab sis cov xwm txheej ntawd tau thawb kev lag luam kom rov tsom mus rau nws cov khoom lag luam ntawm "western-style qhuav wines," lub vev xaib tau sau tseg (kom nkag siab, tsis muaj leej twg xa email rau lub sijhawm no), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Transcarpathia mus rau sab hnub poob. Lub vev xaib tshaj tawm txij li xyoo 2015, qhuav cawv qhuav tau nce 7 mus rau 9% txhua xyoo.

Nov yog lwm yam kom paub txog Ukraine lub wines:

LUB SIJ HAWM. Ukraine muaj plaub lub xeev loj hlob los yog "oblasts" nyob rau sab qab teb: Mykolaiv, Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk thiab Odessa nrog rau tom kawg suav nrog yuav luag 50% ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam. Cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov keeb kwm vins doux naturels (qab zib) thiab muaj zog ntau lawm ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv Transcarpathia mus rau sab hnub poob, 8,000 hectares yog nyob rau hauv vine, ib cheeb tsam uas yus muaj los ntawm volcanic av, ib tug continental kev nyab xeeb (kub summers thiab hnyav winters) thiab zoo siab diurnal kub hloov. “Ukraine Tam sim no,” lub teb chaws lub vev xaib raug cai, sau txog kev sim cog qoob loo xws li Biologist, ib qho khoom siv tes ua winery hauv Kyiv tshwj xeeb hauv cov cawv txiv ntoo, tau vam meej nyob rau sab qaum teb ze Chernihiv, Lviv thiab Ternopi.  

Ukraine lub vineyard cog tau hloov pauv ntau xyoo lawm. Lub Oxford Companion of Wine (2015) tau sau tseg 133,000 acres hauv 1913, tab sis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I thiab phylloxera txo cov cog rau 3,212 acres rau xyoo tom qab. Los ntawm 1940, tag nrho cov vaj txiv hmab yog 254,519 ev kawj thiab txo qis tom qab tsov rog mus rau 168,031. Thaum Crimea muab rau Ukraine hauv xyoo 1954, kwv yees li 988,421 acres tau nyob rau hauv vine. Nws tsis tau zoo ib yam txij li yav dhau los Thawj Tswj Hwm Lavxias Mikhail Gorbechev txoj kev haus dej haus cawv tau rub 533,000 daim av ntawm vines - lossis 16% ntawm Soviet vines los ntawm 1985-87.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab muaj los ntawm cov International Organization of Vine thiab Wine (OIV) qhia txog Ukraine xyoo 2019 vineyard nto li 103,290 daim av.

GRAPES. Ntau yam keeb kwm suav nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dub Basstardo Magarachsky, Cevat Kara, Kefesyia thiab Odessa Black, thiab dawb, Telti Kuruk, Kokur Bely, Sary Pandas, thiab Sukholimansky, hla ntawm Chardonnay thiab Plavaï. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb Georgian, Rkatsiteli, ib zaug suav nrog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov cog, tab sis niaj hnub cog qoob loo kuj suav nrog Aligote, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Merlot, Muscat, Pinot Noir, Riesling, thiab Saperavi.

TUS KHEEJ. Cov qauv keeb kwm raws ntug dej hiav txwv Crimean suav nrog cov cawv qab zib, thiab thaum xub thawj, tau hu ua Chaw nres nkoj, Madeira, Sherry thiab Tokay. Kagor, qab zib liab qab zib cawv, tau muaj npe tom qab Fabkis thaj tsam Cahors. Muscats - tej zaum lub npe nrov tshaj plaws - yog dawb, liab thiab dub.

Sparkling los yog "shampanskoye," tau qhia los ntawm Paris-kawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Leo Golitsyn, ib tug ntawm Ukraine txiv ntawm cawv, tom qab 19th-xyoo pua Crimean Tsov rog. Nws cov qauv tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj ntawm Novy Svet yeej ib qho khoom plig kub ntawm 1900 Paris World Fair. Ua feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj av Odessa, sparkling caw tseem nrov hnub no, suav nrog yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm Ukraine cov khoom. Raws li Pinot Blanc, Aligoté, Riesling Chardonnay.

MARKET. Lub Wines ntawm Ukraine lub vev xaib tsis tau hloov kho, tab sis qhia txog lub teb chaws yog tsev rau ntau tshaj 50 winemakers cultivating 180 hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo. OIV's 2019 cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias lub teb chaws tsim 364,600 tons ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab 26,153,033 nkas loos cawv, txawm hais tias cov qauv tsis delineated. Raws li trendeconomy.com, qhov chaw qhib cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, tus nqi ntawm Ukraine cov cawv xa tawm, suav nrog cov cawv txiv hmab, tag nrho $ 13 lab hauv 2020, xyoo cov ntaub ntawv tshiab muaj, nqis los ntawm $ 63,486,054 hauv 2010, thiab siab ntawm $ 81,656,108 hauv 2013. . Nws lub lag luam xa tawm loj tshaj plaws (15%) yog rau nws cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb, Belarus ($ 1.96M USD hauv tus nqi), ua raws li Kazakhstan, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Romania. 34% ntawm nws exported caw yog sparkling.

INSTITUTES. Ukraine muaj ib tug ntev, uninterrupted keeb kwm ntawm viticultural kev tshawb fawb. Phau ntawv "Winemaking Bulletin" tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv Odessa xyoo 1892, los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Vasily Egorovich Tairov (1859-1938), tus thawj coj xav thaum ntxov uas nws lub hom phiaj yog los txhawb kev paub txog viticulture thiab winemaking. Nws txoj kev siv zog coj mus rau kev tsim thawj lub koom haum sim hauv Russia rau viticulture, tam sim no hu ua V. Yees. Tairov lub koom haum ntawm Viticulture thiab Winemaking ntawm Ukraine. Lub koom haum muaj ntau tshaj 700 ntau yam nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tau tsim ntau tshaj 130 ntau yam ntawm lub rooj thiab wine grapevine, 112 clones ntawm 52 hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab muaj ntau tshaj li 15,000 seedlings nyob rau hauv nws hybrid kev pab cuam - hla ntawm feem ntau autochthonous txiv hmab txiv ntoo (14 qhov kev sim no tau piav qhia ntawm nws qhov chaw).

Crimea thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm winemaking, lub Magaratch lub koom haum, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1829 hauv Yalta los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Mikhail Vorontsov, tus thawj coj ua cawv txiv hmab thaum ntxov hauv Ukraine keeb kwm. Lub koom haum tau cog qoob loo Magarach Ruby ntau yam, hla ntawm Cabernet Sauvignon thiab Saperavi, xyoo 1928. Renamed ntau xyoo, lub koom haum tam sim no yog ib lub chaw tshawb fawb Lavxias teb sab nrog kev tsom mus rau viticulture.

Rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg ncig teb chaw, lub Shabo Wine Culture Center nyob rau hauv Odessa, nyob rau hauv 1822 wine producer, muaj tours, tastings, thiab sib tham sib qhia ntawm cov sau ntawm artifacts.