Me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis, Western tuam txhab uas muag thiab tsoom fwv tau reassembling lawv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj khoom saw, sim thim rov qab kaum xyoo ntawm hollowing tawm, outsourcing, thiab offshoring ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau Tuam Tshoj.
Tsis muaj leej twg hais tias qhov no yuav yooj yim.
nyeem ntxiv
Lub hlis no tau coj txoj kev loj hlob zoo: kev nqis peev tshiab hauv Norwegian tsawg lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb cog nyob rau hauv qhov kawg tsim ntawm transatlantic mov saw hla Canada, Sweden, thiab Norway.
Yog tias ua tiav, qhov pib yuav pab West nti tawm ntawm nws qhov ze-tag nrho kev cia siab rau Tuam Tshoj rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, ib pab pawg ntawm 17 hlau uas tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv high-tech. Tuam Tshoj tam sim no suav rau 60% thiab 87% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb mining thiab ua, raws li - ib tug degree ntawm dominance nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb sector uas Western tsoom fwv pom tau hais tias ib tug mob hnyav rau lawv kev ruaj ntseg hauv teb chaws.
"A… Nordic tus nqi saw rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb"
Swedish lub xeev-muaj hlau ore mining tuam txhab LKAB tshaj tawm Lub hlis no uas nws tau dhau los ua tus neeg lag luam tseem ceeb hauv thiab tus tswv ntawm REEtec, lub tuam txhab Norwegian. Txij li thaum nws nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 2008, REEtec tau tsim technology los cais lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj impurities. thiab refine lawv mus rau hauv high-quality, high-purity cov ntaub ntawv, hu ua rare earth oxides, siv rau hauv cov khoom xws li hluav taws xob tsheb motors thiab cua turbines.
LKAB's 400 lab kroner ($ 40.3 lab) kev nqis peev yuav pab REEtec nyiaj txiag ib feem ntawm nws lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev sib cais Hoobkas hauv Norwegian industrial ceg av qab teb ntawm Herøya, qhov chaw tsim khoom tau npaj pib xyoo 2024.
"Ua ke nrog REEtec, peb yuav tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov muaj zog thiab ruaj khov Nordic tus nqi saw rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb," Jan Moström, CEO ntawm LKAB, tau hais. nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia.
Qhov no tsis yog thawj cov khoom siv transatlantic los ua kom zoo. Xyoo tas los no, ob lub tuam txhab North American tau tshaj tawm kev koom tes los tsim ib qho US-Europe cov khoom siv saw khiav tawm ntawm thaj av suab puam ntawm Utah, hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, mus rau lub nroog me me ntawm Sillamäe hauv Estonia.
Txhawm rau khiav nws lub Hoobkas, REEtec yuav muab nws cov khoom siv raw, hu ua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj carbonate, los ntawm Canada's Northwest Territories. Nyob ntawd, ib lub tuam txhab hu ua Vital Metals yog mining tsawg lub ntiaj teb ores ntawm nws Qhov project, tom qab ntawd ua qee qhov ua ntej ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub npe hu ua ib offtake kev pom zoo, REEtec yuav yuav lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj carbonate los ntawm Vital Metals, kom coj mus rau tom ntej REEtec cais cog rau kev kho kom zoo ntxiv.
LKAB, Tebchaws Europe tus tsim cov hlau loj tshaj plaws, tseem yuav muab REEtec nrog cov khoom siv raw los ntawm 2027. Cov khoom noj ntawd yuav raug muab rho tawm raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm LKAB cov hlau ore mining hauv Sweden - tus qauv lag luam uas Tuam Tshoj tau siv los ua kev vam meej.
"Kuv nyiam qhov no heev, txoj hauv kev nrog cov khoom lag luam, vim tias koj tsis tas yuav tsim ib lub mine tshiab," said Rau Kalvig, tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm Geological Survey ntawm Denmark thiab Greenland's Center for Minerals thiab Materials. "Thiab qhov thib ob, nrog txo cov nqi peev, koj tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib tw los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, vim tias nws yog kev tsim khoom ntxiv."
LKAB tsis teb rau qhov kev thov tawm tswv yim.
Tshem tawm Tuam Tshoj los ntawm ib ntu ntawm cov khoom siv
Lub incipient Canada-Sweden-Norway cov saw hlau tseem tseem ceeb rau lwm qhov laj thawj: Vital Metals 'Nechalacho mine yuav tsis nyob ntawm Suav cov neeg yuav khoom.
Qhov ntawd ua rau nws sib nrug los ntawm tib qho kev lag luam uas tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb kuv nyob hauv North America -MP Materials' Mountain Pass kuv nyob rau hauv California - uas muag yuav luag tag nrho nws cov mined tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb rau nws cov neeg feem coob ntawm Suav, ib feem ntawm lub xeev. tuam txhab Shenghe Resources. raws li MP cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kawg (pdf), Shenghe suav txog ntau dua 94% ntawm MP cov nyiaj tau los hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg xyoo 2022.
"[Nechalacho] yog tib lub ntiaj teb uas tsis tshua muaj mine nyob rau hauv North America uas tsis muab Tuam Tshoj," David Connelly, tus lwm thawj coj ntawm lub tswv yim thiab koom haum affairs ntawm tseem ceeb hlau thiab nws cov mining subsidiary Cheetah Resources, hais rau Canadian Press hauv lub Tsib Hlis.
Nws kuj yog ib zaj dab neeg rov qab los rau Nechalacho kuv. Rau xyoo, lub mine nteg undeveloped Tom qab lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj npuas tawg nyob rau hauv 2011, tawm hauv Canada-listed tus tswv Avalon Advanced Materials yam tsis muaj nyiaj txiag xav tau rau qhov project. Nws tsis yog txog 2019 uas Cheetah Resources ntaus ib tug deal mus yuav qhov ze-nto ntawm lub Nechalacho mine los ntawm Avalon. Cov hlau tseem ceeb Thaum kawg rov pib ua haujlwm mining ntawm Nechalacho hauv 2021.
"Qhov kev cog lus no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias tam sim no koj pom qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov ntxhia hauv Canada uas tau ntau xyoo tau pom tias yog menyuam ntsuag, thiab tam sim no tab tom ua haujlwm" thiab cog cov saw hlau hauv Tebchaws Europe, hais. Kingsley Jones, CIO thiab nrhiav tus khub ntawm Jevons Global hauv Australia.
Qhov kev sib tw: Tuam Tshoj txoj kev ywj pheej thiab lub hwj chim monopsony
Txawm hais tias ib lub tuam txhab uas tsis yog Suav tab tom yuav Vital Metals cov khoom nyoos tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, theem tom ntej ntawm cov saw hlau-cov tuam txhab uas yuav yuav cov khoom tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb los siv hauv kev tsim khoom - tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog thiab nyob ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Tias yog vim li cas Tuam Tshoj tau tsim nws tus kheej ua tus muag khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, muab nws cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev lag luam. Tsuas yog rho tawm ntau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob sab nraud Tuam Tshoj tsis txaus los txo tag nrho kev cia siab rau Tuam Tshoj rau cov hlau.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj yog "muaj Tuam Tshoj nyob rau txhua theem raws li ob qho tib si monopoly thiab monopsony ... uas ua rau nws nyuaj heev [rau lwm lub teb chaws] kom nkag mus rau cov saw hlau loj," said. Andy Mok, tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm Beijing-based think tank Center for China and Globalization.
Hauv nws cov lus, LKAB tau hais tias 80% ntawm REEtec txoj kev npaj tsim cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb tau raug muag lawm. Ib tug ntawm REEtec cov neeg muas zaub yog German automotive tsum Schaeffler Group. Ntawm lwm cov khoom, Schaeffler ua rau lub tsheb fais fab, uas xav tau rare ntiaj teb mus tas li hlau nplaum. Tab sis kev tsim cov hlau nplaum no yuav tsum muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb, thiab Schaeffler tsis muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lawv.
Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm lub Plaub Hlis tshaj tawm nws qhov kev pom zoo nrog REEtec, Schaeffler tau hais tias kev sib koom tes yuav "cawm peb cov khoom siv hlau nplaum rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob," yam tsis tau qhia meej tias tus neeg muab khoom yuav yog leej twg. Tab sis lawv zoo li yuav yog Suav, "muab kev sib raug zoo ntawm Schaeffler thiab Tuam Tshoj," hais Kalvig. Ntxiv rau, Tuam Tshoj tsim 93% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov hlau nplaum uas muaj zog ruaj khov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshiab transatlantic cov khoom xa tawm ntawm cov ntu ntu ntu tseem tso siab rau Tuam Tshoj, txawm tias cov ntu ntu ntu thiab nruab nrab tsis yog.
Schaeffler tsis teb rau qhov kev thov tawm tswv yim.
Tsawg dua Tuam Tshoj kev vam khom, ntau cov saw hlau pob tshab
Kev tsim lub ntiaj teb tshiab tsis tshua muaj cov saw hlau yuav tsum muaj qhov pom tseeb los ntawm cov tuam txhab hais txog lawv cov neeg muab khoom yog leej twg - cov ntaub ntawv lag luam uas cov tuam txhab feem ntau tsis nyiam tshaj tawm.
Jones hais tias "Yog tias koj Volkswagen sib tw nrog BMW, koj tsis xav kom BMW paub qhov twg koj pom cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua rau ib qho tshwj xeeb," Jones hais. "Tab sis los ntawm tib lub token, koj ob leeg muaj kev txaus siab uas koj tsis raug them los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom txawv teb chaws. Nws yog inherently complex thiab koj yuav tsis tau txais cov lus teb ncaj nraim. "
Tebchaws Asmeskas tau ua cov kauj ruam kom tau qee cov lus teb.
Lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj tas los, US Department of Commerce launched kev tshawb nrhiav los txiav txim seb kev xa khoom ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws. Kev tshawb nrhiav xaus rau lub Cuaj Hli, nrog rau Tsev Dawb txiav txim siab tawm tsam tariffs thiab opting rau nce peev hauv kev lag luam hlau nplaum hauv tsev. Qhov kev sojntsuam kuj tau pab Washington sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam-Cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem pab qhia cov kev cai dav dav thiab cov tswv yim.
Jones xav tias Tebchaws Europe tam sim no yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev sojntsuam zoo sib xws los txiav cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tawm ntawm cov tuam txhab. Cov lus nug ntawm qhov twg cov tuam txhab European tau txais lawv cov hlau nplaum yog "opaque heev," nws hais. "Vim tias txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv ze heev ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis ... nws nyuaj rau qhia tias yuav mus qhov twg ntawm lub nkoj, thiab kuv tsis xav tias muaj leej twg paub tiag."
Ntau yam ntawm Quartz
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Tau qhov twg los: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/west-rebuilding-rare-earths-supply-055500337.html