Nuclear Fusion Breakthrough nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus

Lub hli tas los National Ignition Facility ntawm Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) hauv California tshaj tawm ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav nuclear fusion. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau tus neeg tau nug kuv tias qhov kev tawg no txhais tau li cas tiag.

Ua ntej, cia peb tham txog qee qhov hauv paus ntawm nuclear fusion. Niaj hnub no lub nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag yog raws li nyob rau hauv nuclear fission, uas yog lub splitting ntawm ib tug hnyav isotope zoo li uranium-235 rau hauv ob lub isotopes me. (Isotopes tsuas yog sib txawv ntawm ib lub caij).

Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nuclear fission zoo li tua ib lub mos txwv me me ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm isotope, uas ua rau nws tsis ruaj khov thiab sib cais. Thaum nws tawg, nws tso tawm ntau lub zog (ntau thiab lub zog muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm Einstein tus kab zauv nto moo E = Mc²). Lub zog ntawd tuaj yeem hloov mus ua hluav taws xob.

Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm qhov kev tsis pom zoo rau nuclear fission yog tias cov khoom lag luam ntawm fission yog cov xov tooj cua heev, thiab ntau ntawm lawv tau nyob ntev. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej tshwj tsis yog ua kom raug. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no yog vim li cas qee qhov tawm tsam nuclear fais fab.

Nuclear fusion, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub hwj chim rau cov hnub qub zoo li peb lub hnub, txawv. Nrog fusion, koj tab tom yuam cov isotopes me me ua ke los tsim cov isotopes loj. Feem ntau qhov no suav nrog kev sib txuas cov isotopes ntawm hydrogen - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws - los tsim helium. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tso tawm ntau lub zog ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fission, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nws tsis tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntev ntev. Tias yog vim li cas nuclear fusion feem ntau hu ua "dawb huv grail" ntawm lub zog tsim.

Yog li, qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Cov me me hydrogen isotopes muaj zog heev rau fusing. Nws yuav siv sij hawm zoo heev thiab kub siab (raws li muaj nyob rau hauv lub hnub) kom yuam lawv fuse. Qhov ntawd yog qhov sib txawv heev ntawm nuclear fission, uas tshwm sim tau yooj yim. Yog li, txawm hais tias fusion tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv riam phom nuclear, cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv ntau xyoo los sim tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fusion uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob.

Ntau xyoo dhau los, ntau qhov "kev tawg" tau tshaj tawm. Ib qho uas tau tshaj tawm lub hli dhau los yog thawj zaug, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais lub zog ntau dua ntawm cov txheej txheem fusion dua li lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv. Cov kev siv zog yav dhau los uas tau ua tiav fusion xav tau ntau lub zog inputs dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fusion tsim.

Yog li ntawd, qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tab sis peb nyob ze npaum li cas los tsim kev lag luam fusion reactors?

Nov yog qhov piv txwv uas kuv tau siv los muab tso rau hauv cov ntsiab lus. Muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev lag luam dav hlau mus ncig. Cov kwv tij Wright tau ya thawj lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv keeb kwm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1903. Nws yuav yog 16 xyoo ua ntej thawj lub dav hlau transatlantic. Tab sis, thawj qhov kev lag luam dav dav dav dav dav dav, Boeing 707 yuav tsis qhia txog xyoo 1958.

Cov lus tso dag ntev ntev yeej ib txwm hais tias kev lag luam nuclear fusion yog 30 xyoo tam sim no. Qhov tseeb tiag, qhov ntawd tsuas txhais tau tias peb tseem tsis tuaj yeem pom txoj hauv kev kom mus txog qhov ntawd. Qhov kev tawg tsis ntev los no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev rau kev lag luam nuclear fusion. Tab sis tej zaum peb tseem yuav tau 30 xyoo los ntawm kev pom kev lag luam ntawm nuclear fusion.