Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm huv, tsis muaj zog

Tus yuam sij takeaways

• Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm National Ignition Facility hauv California tau tsim ntau lub zog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear ntau dua li lawv muab tso rau hauv.
• Qhov kev sim tau tshwm sim yog lub zog nuclear loj heev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ib puas xyoo los qhib lub zog ntawm lub hnub hauv ntiaj teb.
• Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv thiab kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias peb nyob hauv plaub xyoos ntawm kev tsim 100% huv, tsis muaj zog

"Hnub Monday, Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 2022 yog hnub tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb."

Cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg no tau xa los ntawm Jill Hruby, tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 13 lub rooj sib tham xov xwm.

Lub ntsiab lus: Lub zog nuclear tawg ntawm Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) National Ignition Facility (NIF) hauv California.

Tsev Dawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tus thawj coj Dr. Arata Prabhakar tau tshaj tawm qhov kev ua tiav raws li "qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb" thiab "kev tsim txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev ntseeg."

"Qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsim cov txheej txheem engineering, ob tog kawm los ntawm ib leeg, qhov no yog qhov peb ua qhov loj, nyuaj, thiab qhov no tsuas yog piv txwv zoo nkauj," nws hais ntxiv.

Lub zog net nce los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fusion yog thawj zaug hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Thaum tshawb nrhiav ntau (a ntau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv) yog xav tau los ua kom cov thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, hloov pauv tau thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev los ntxuav lub zog.

Thiab rau cov tub ua lag luam, uas sawv cev rau ntau xyoo ntawm cov cib fim siav rau plucking.

Nuclear fusion yog dab tsi?

Nuclear fusion suav nrog kev sib txuas cov atoms rau hauv ib qho, loj dua atom. Cov txheej txheem tsim muaj ntau lub zog, thiab yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb uas tsav peb lub hnub.

Nuclear fusion txawv ntawm nuclear fission, txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Fission splits atoms, es tsis ua ke nrog lawv, tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus ntshai hauv cov txheej txheem.

Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, nuclear fusion yog qhov ua tau zoo dua, tsim yuav luag tsis muaj pov tseg, thiab khiav tawm cov hydrogen atoms yooj yim hauv dej hiav txwv, tsis yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob faus rau hauv av. Qhov ntawd ua rau nws yog tus neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhawb nqa txhua yam ntawm tsev mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom ... yog tias nws tuaj yeem ntsuas tau.

Txij li thaum fusion tau pom ib puas xyoo dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib tw los qhib thiab rov ua dua cov tshuab hauv ib lub chaw kuaj ntshav. Tab sis ua haujlwm fusion tshuaj tiv thaiv uas xav tau lub zog tsawg dua li nws tso tawm, txheej txheem hu ua ignition, tau eluded cov kws tshawb fawb ...

Mus txog rau tam sim no.

Lub zog nuclear kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv nutshell

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj lub zog tawg tau tshwm sim ntawm National Ignition Facility, uas siv cov txheej txheem hu ua "thermonuclear inertial fusion."

Qhov tseem ceeb, $ 3.5 billion laser complex tua 192 lasers ntawm ib qho me me capsule. Lub capsule muaj ob hydrogen isotopes uas, thaum bombarded nrog lub zog, vaporize yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Cov txheej txheem fusion tso tawm ntau lub zog.

Yav dhau los, lub zog tawm tswv yim los ntawm lasers deb tshaj lub zog tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fusion. Tab sis thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim qee yam tshiab.

Lub plhaub nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav lawv siv yog tuab dua li qhov kev sim yav dhau los, txhais tau hais tias qhov tsis zoo me me cuam tshuam qhov kev sim tsawg dua. Qhov no yooj yim - thiab incredibly replicaable - hloov tau tso cai rau ib yam dab tsi zoo kawg tshwm sim.

Dr. Marvin Adams, NNSA Tus Lwm Thawj Coj rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv, tau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm hnub Tuesday lub rooj sib tham xov xwm. Nws tau sau tseg tias cov txheej txheem pib nrog lub tog raj kheej kheej kheej uas muaj cov tshuaj ntsiav me me, "txog ib nrab ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm BB."

Nws hais tias, "192 lub teeb laser nkag los ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm lub tog raj kheej," nws hais tias, "thiab tsoo lub phab ntsa sab hauv…. X-rays los ntawm phab ntsa impinged rau lub spherical capsule. Fusion roj nyob rau hauv lub capsule tau nyem, fusion tshwm sim pib. Qhov no tau tshwm sim ua ntej, 100 zaug ua ntej. Tab sis lub lim tiam dhau los thawj zaug, lawv tau tsim qhov kev sim no kom cov roj fusion nyob twj ywm kub txaus, ntom txaus thiab puag ncig txaus rau ntev txaus uas nws ignited. Thiab nws tsim muaj zog ntau dua li cov lasers tau tso tseg. Txog 2 megajoules hauv, txog 3 megajoules tawm. Qhov nce ntawm 1.5 "

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tawg no

Qhov nce ntawm 1.5 suab me me, thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog, nws yog. Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov loj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tseem ceeb - nws yog qhov nws tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov.

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5's nuclear fusion breakthrough yog qhov kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nyiaj txiag thiab kev ua tsis tiav. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov kauj ruam ntawm niaj hnub no thiab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis muaj cov kauj ruam no, fusion raws li lub zog hluav taws xob yog me ntsis ntau dua li kev tshawb fawb gimmick. Niaj hnub no, nws yog qhov tseeb.

Thiab lub peev xwm mus sij hawm ntev ntawm fusion-hnyav yav tom ntej tsuas yog staggering. Tsis zoo li cov thee thiab fossil fuels, fusion tshwm sim tsis muaj CO2 emissions lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Thiab txij li thaum nws khiav ntawm hydrogen, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, nws yog qhov tsis muaj kev txwv hauv nws cov peev xwm tsim khoom.

Nrog lub zog ntau, peb yuav tsis tsuas yog txo peb cov emissions hneev taw - peb tuaj yeem thim rov qab.

Unlimited hwj chim yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus nce txhua yam ntawm technologies sai dua, pheej yig dua thiab huv si, los ntawm huab cua hloov kev daws teeb meem mus rau zoo dua laptops.

Fusion lub zog tuaj yeem txo cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob kho cov nroj tsuag dej, thiab pab peb nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua los siv dua thiab pov tseg cov thoob khib nyiab.

Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tuaj yeem rub CO2 los ntawm huab cua ntawm qhov ntsuas, txo qis kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab txo cov pa phem uas ua rau tib neeg raug mob.

Lub roj teeb thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua tiav, tso cai rau kev siv ntau ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob huv thiab khaws cia rau tsev, tsheb thiab ntau dua.

Ntawm qhov loj, mus sij hawm ntev, fusion zog tuaj yeem tshem tawm tib neeg lub emissions, tso cai rau lub ntiaj teb huv dua, ntsuab dua, muaj kev noj qab haus huv - tsis hais, nce kev nyob rau txhua tus tib neeg.

Yog hais tias lub suab zoo me ntsis, koj tsis yog lawm. Tab sis ib zaug ntxiv, lub zeem muag ntawm fusion zog yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws 50 xyoo dhau los. Lub hlis no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias fusion yog ua tau. Vim li cas ho tsis muaj lwm yam txiaj ntsig mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem muaj tseeb, thiab?

Qhov no txhais li cas rau cov tub ua lag luam?

Tab sis ua ntej fusion yav tom ntej dhau los ua qhov tseeb, qhov chaw lub zog xav tau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab - ntau ntawm nws.

Lub sijhawm thiab thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb

Lub rooj sib tham xov xwm tau tshaj tawm tias lub laser array uas siv lub zog nuclear tawg yog ua raws li 40-xyoo-laus thev naus laus zis. Tsis tsuas yog niaj hnub lasers muaj zog dua, lawv kuj ua tau zoo dua - lub ntsiab lus tias ntau dua fusion zog nce nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum.

LLNL Tus Thawj Coj Dr. Kim Budil tau ceev faj kom ceeb toom rau cov neeg sau xov xwm thiab cov tub ua lag luam tias fusion tsis yog plaub lub lis piam lossis plaub xyoos. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm.

Nws tau hais tias "Muaj cov teeb meem tseem ceeb, tsis yog hauv kev tshawb fawb, tab sis hauv thev naus laus zis," nws hais. "Qhov no yog ib qho ignited capsule ib zaug, thiab kom paub txog kev lag luam fusion zog, koj yuav tsum ua ntau yam. Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau, ntau lub fusion ignition txheej xwm ib feeb, thiab koj yuav tsum muaj lub zog muaj zog ntawm cov tsav tsheb kom pab tau qhov ntawd. "

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem muaj kev cia siab ntau dua li yav tom ntej fusion-powered yog nyob rau hauv tuav.

"[Nws] tej zaum tsis yog tsib xyoos [tawm], uas yog qhov peb tau hais," nws hais ntxiv. “Kuv xav tias nws tab tom tsiv mus rau pem hauv ntej. Nrog ob peb lub xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev nqis peev ... tuaj yeem ua rau peb muaj txoj haujlwm los tsim cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. "

Kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag tuaj yeem tsav kev lag luam sai dua

LLNL vam khom ntau rau cov nyiaj pab pej xeem thiab nyiaj txiag los ua kom lub zog ntawm lub zog ua kom muaj tseeb. Tab sis US Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm ntseeg hais tias ob qho tib si kev tshawb fawb ntiag tug thiab pej xeem yuav tsum tau ua kom fusion tshwm sim.

"Peb paub tias muaj kev txaus siab ntau ntawm cov neeg siv nyiaj ntiag tug ... thiab peb txhawb kom qhov ntawd," nws hais rau hnub Tuesday lub rooj sib tham xov xwm. "Qhov no qhia tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua tau, uas ib txwm muaj lus nug: koj puas tuaj yeem mus txog ntawd?"

"Qhov kev hla dhau no tso cai rau [cov kws tshawb fawb] pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov lasers zoo dua, cov lasers tau zoo dua, ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua, thiab lwm yam., [Cov no yog] cov khoom tsim nyog tso cai rau nws los hloov kho thiab coj mus rau kev lag luam. "

Hmoov zoo, lub private sector yog hopping onboard. Kim Budil tau sau tseg tias ntau lub tuam txhab ntiag tug tab tom tshawb nrhiav inertial fusion ntau lawm nrog nws cov kwv tij txheeb ze, sib nqus fusion. (Magnetic fusion siv tokamak, ib qho khoom siv zoo li cov khoom siv uas siv cov hlau nplaum muaj zog kom kaw cov ntshav hauv cov duab tshwj xeeb.)

Budil ntseeg hais tias, ntawm kev sib nqus sib nqus yog "me ntsis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej" thiab lub hli no lub teeb tawg, muaj peb cov thev naus laus zis tam sim no "cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov chaw zoo heev."

Nws hais ntxiv tias, "Cov zej zog no yuav pub sib koom ua ke, peb yuav kawm, peb yuav ua kom nce qib ntxiv, thiab ntau cov thev naus laus zis yuav loj hlob tawm ntawm ob qho tib si ntxiv rau txoj hauv kev mus rau fusion fais fab nroj tsuag."

Kev nqis peev rau ntawm kev sib tsoo nuclear

Thaum lub rooj sib tham xov xwm, Arata Prabhakar tau qhia ib lub sijhawm ntawm kev xav nrog cov neeg tuaj saib.

Nws tau hais tias "Kuv kuj tau xav txog ntev npaum li cas txoj kev taug kev tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm kev paub ua," nws hais. "Vim tias nws tau ib puas xyoo txij li thaum peb pom tias nws yog fusion [powering the stars]. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua, nws tau siv ntau yam kev sib txawv uas thaum kawg tuaj ua ke rau lub ntsiab lus uas peb tuaj yeem rov ua dua qhov kev ua ub no hauv txoj kev tswj tau hauv chav kuaj. "

Lub Sijhawm - txawm tias nyob rau ntau xyoo caum - yog lub tswvyim uas cov tub ua lag luam paub txog. Lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau ua kom tau nyiaj, nqis peev nyiaj thiab pom cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov peev txheej ntawd.

Yog hais tias nuclear fusion tuaj yeem coj mus rau kev lag luam, nws sawv cev rau lub zog tsis muaj kev txwv rau tib neeg - thiab cov nyiaj tau los loj heev rau cov tub ua lag luam uas nyob ib puag ncig.

Q.ai nyob ntawm no los pab koj nqis peev rau yav tom ntej, thiab cov peev nyiaj tau los ntawd.

Nrog peb Cov khoom siv huv huv, peb AI puag ncig qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntsuab zog tshiab tawm muaj. Kev nqis peev hauv Cov Khoom Siv no yog txoj hauv kev sai thiab yooj yim los tso koj cov nyiaj los ua haujlwm tsim lub neej yav tom ntej zoo dua - thiab cia siab tias yuav tsim qee qhov rov qab los hauv cov txheej txheem.

Nws tau nqis peev ua tau yooj yim, ntse thiab ntsuab.

Thiab raws li LLNL Tus Thawj Coj Kim Budil tau hais rau hnub Tuesday, "Kev sib tw kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm txoj hauv kev rau fusion zog yog qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis ua rau qhov zoo li tsis yooj yim sua, ua tau yog thaum peb nyob hauv peb qhov zoo tshaj plaws."

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