FHFA Txoj Cai Them Nqi Tshiab yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua rau cov nqi tsev

Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Nyiaj Txiag Saib Xyuas Vaj Tsev (FHFA) tshaj tawm tias nws yuav nce tus nqi them ua ntej tas Fannie MaeFNMA
thiab Freddie Mac them nqi tsev rau ob lub tsev. Lub Kaum Hli, lub koom haum tshaj tawm tias nws yuav siv "Lub hom phiaj nce mus rau cov nqi them ua ntej rau feem ntau cov nyiaj qiv nyiaj rov qab."

Ob qhov kev txav mus los yog qhov zoo rau tsoomfwv txoj cai nyiaj txiag vaj tsev. Tsoom fwv teb chaws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua lag luam ua kom tsis tshua muaj nqi rau cov neeg yuav khoom thib ob cov tsev, thiab tsoomfwv qiv nyiaj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab nqi zog ntxiv nrog cov nyiaj tau los yooj yim dua.

Tseem, cov tsev lobbyists-uas, ntawm chav kawm, tawm tsam cov kev hloov no- tau so yooj yim. Thawj Tswj Hwm Biden tsis nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev kaw tsoomfwv lub qhov ncauj.

Qhov tseeb, ua ib feem ntawm nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm Fannie's thiab Freddie's guarantee tus nqi them (lawv g nqi), FHFA kuj yog tshem tawm cov nqi them ua ntej rau ntau qhov kev pab cuam hauv tsev ib leeg. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog txoj cai nyiaj txiag vaj tsev tsis zoo. Ntawm no yog qhov ceev ceev ntawm cov nqi uas FHFA yuav tshem tawm.

• Cov neeg yuav tsev thawj zaug ntawm lossis qis dua thaj tsam cov nyiaj tau los nruab nrab (AMI) hauv feem ntau ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (thiab qis dua 120 feem pua ​​​​ntawm AMI hauv cov nqi siab).
• HomeReady thiab Home Possible loans (Fannie's and Freddie's flagship affordable mortgage programs).
• HFA Advantage thiab HFA Preferred loans (Fannie's and Freddie's Cov nyiaj qiv qis qis muaj rau cov Housing Finance Agencies uas tsim nyog).
• Ib leeg-tsev neeg qiv nyiaj txhawb nqa Txoj Haujlwm Pabcuam.

Raws li FHFA, lub koom haum tab tom tshem tawm cov nqi no rau "txhawb kev nkag mus tau zoo thiab sib npaug rau cov vaj tsev pheej yig." Lub sijhawm yog coj txawv txawv, txawm li cas los xij, muab kev tswj hwm kev cog lus rau kev tawm tsam kev nce nqi.

Tshem tawm cov nqi no yuav tsis ua rau vaj tse pheej yig dua. Tej zaum lawv yuav ua qiv nyiaj yooj yim dua kom tau, tab sis lawv yuav tso siab rau cov nqi tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nyob hauv qib qis ntawm kev ua lag luam.

Cov kev hloov pauv no tseem qhia tau tias tsawg npaum li cas Asmeskas cov nyiaj txiag vaj tsev zoo ib yam li kev lag luam dawb.

Rau kev xav, Fannie thiab Freddie ua ke muaj tsis tsawg tshaj li ntawm 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov nqi qiv nyiaj txij li xyoo 2007. Thiab lawv feem tam sim no sawv ntawm 62 feem pua. Lawv feem ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj qiv nyiaj rov qab (MBS) kev lag luamRaws li Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam thiab Nyiaj Txiag Kev Lag Luam Association (SIFMA), qhov nruab nrab 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm 2009 txog 2020. (Ntawm ib sab, yog peb suav Ginnie Mae kev ruaj ntseg-cov uas txhawb nqa FHA nyiaj txais-cov tsoom fwv teb chaws feem ntawm MBS kev ua lag luam nruab nrab 92 feem pua ​​​​ntawm ib xyoos.)

Yog li, FHFA, ib lub koomhaum tseemfwv, tuaj yeem hloov pauv tus nqi-ib feem ntawm tag nrho tus nqi- uas cov neeg qiv nyiaj them feem ntau ntawm lub khw muag khoom. Cov neeg Asmeskas yuav tsum xav txog qhov xwm txheej no thaum lawv chim siab txog tsev nqi yog siab heev. Ib lub tsev nyiaj txiag hauv tsev raws li kev lag luam dawb yuav zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li Asmeskas.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas tawm tsam qhov kev tshem tawm cov nqi tshiab kawg no yuav yog rau Asmeskas txoj cai hu ua vaj tse pheej yig.

Ua ntej, cov kev hloov pauv yuav tshem tawm cov nqi them ua ntej rau cov neeg yuav khoom thawj zaug nrog nruab nrab cov nyiaj tau los hauv lawv thaj av. Ib cag los ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev dag ntxias uas cov kev hloov pauv tau pab cov neeg tau nyiaj tsawg, lo lus "thawj lub tsev yuav khoom" tsis yog tiag tiag thawj- sij hawm tsev neeg yuav khoom. Qhov kev tshem tawm tus nqi no muab kev txhawb nqa kev yuav khoom loj heev.

Nyias, Fannie's HomeReady program "ua rau cov neeg tau nyiaj tsawg dua cov neeg yuav khoom hauv tsev uas tsis muaj nyiaj them poob qis." Yuav kom tsim nyog, cov neeg qiv nyiaj "thawj zaug" tsim nyog yog tias lawv khwv tau tsis tshaj 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm AMI, muaj qhab nia credit tsawg kawg yog 620, thiab muaj 3 feem pua ​​​​qis nqis. (Cov neeg yuav khoom, tau kawg, tau txais qhov ntawd 3 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov nyiaj pab lossis ib qho twg cov kev pab them nqi qis). Freddie tus Cov nyiaj qiv hauv Tsev Muaj peev xwm muaj cov kev xav tau zoo sib xws, txawm tias lawv kuj muaj rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj qhab nia credit.

Yog tias tsis txaus, Fannie thiab Freddie kuj muaj lawv HFA Advantage thiab HFA Preferred qiv cov kev pab cuam. Cov no yog cov kev pabcuam qiv nyiaj qis qis tshwj xeeb tsuas yog muaj rau Housing Finance Agencies (HFAs). Cov HFAs no, tau kawg, yog lub xeev tsoomfwv cov koomhaum, ib feem ntawm lub xeev-federal system uas tau tsim los pab cov neeg yuav khoom hauv tsev nrog txhua yam ntawm cov lus qhia txog nyiaj pab. (Raws li National Council of State Housing Agencies, tso tawm ntawm 2021 Lub Xeev HFA Phau Ntawv Keeb Kwm Digital tau cim a "Ib nrab xyoo ntawm lub xeev HFA kev koom tes, kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab kev cuam tshuam." Tsis txhob txhawj txog qhov teeb meem pheej yig tsis tu ncua, HFA's muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab cuam tshuam.)

Thaum kawg, Fannie thiab Freddie muaj nyias cov kev pab qiv nyiaj rau ib leeg-tsev neeg qiv nyiaj raws li lawv Cov Haujlwm Pabcuam Kev Pabcuam. Cov kev pabcuam no feem ntau yog tsom rau cov neeg yuav khoom tau nyiaj tsawg nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua underserved lag luam, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog thiab tsim vaj tse.

Yog li, ntawm net, qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm tus nqi no tsis sawv cev rau txhua yam kev hloov pauv txoj cai loj. Tebchaws Asmeskas tseem muaj tsoomfwv tswj hwm kev tswj hwm vaj tse nyiaj txiag, ib qho hnyav rau kev ua kom yooj yim dua kom tau txais nyiaj qiv nrog nyiaj tsawg li tsawg tau.

Tsis tsuas yog txoj kev no xwb ib tug dicey proposition rau qiv thiab tub lag luam, tab sis nws kuj thawb tus nqi. Nws tu siab, tab sis muaj feem ntau tias tsoomfwv yuav xav tau tsawg kawg 50 xyoo ntxiv los kawm cov tshooj lus no.

Raws li kuv tau taw qhia ntau zaus, txhua tus cov neeg Amelikas ib txwm yuav tsum tau qhia rau cov tsev txhab nyiaj uas twb muaj lawm yog cov nuj nqis ntau dhau, cov nqi vaj tsev siab, Tus nqi tsev tsis hloov pauv, overregulation, thiab ib txoj kev ntawm tsoom fwv bailouts. Tus tswv tsev tus nqi yuav luag raws nraim qhov twg nws yog ua ntej nthuav kev cia siab rau Fannie thiab Freddie; tsev nqi appreciation muaj tsis tu ncua outpaced nyiaj tau los kev loj hlob, thiab cov neeg them se tau raug yuam kom tshem tawm ntau pua lab nyiaj daus las hauv bailouts.

Cov thawj coj tuaj yeem ua txuj tias nws ua ib yam dab tsi los ua kom vaj tsev pheej yig dua, tab sis ua tiav lub hom phiaj yuav txhais tau tias txav deb ntawm qhov system tam sim no.