Phau Ntawv Nyeem Txog Russia Thiab Ukraine

Nyeem cov xov hauv Twitter yog qhov zoo, tab sis yog tias koj xav kom nkag siab tob txog qhov teeb meem, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los nyeem phau ntawv. Hauv qab no yog saib cov phau ntawv nyeem ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine uas yuav txhim kho koj txoj kev paub txog kev ua tsov ua rog thiab ob lub tebchaws.

Vladimir Putin: Ntau tus kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias yog tsis muaj Vladimir Putin, Russia zoo li yuav tsis tau tshaj tawm nws qhov kev tawm tsam loj ntawm Ukraine thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, 2022. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog tus thawj coj Lavxias yog Syracuse University xibfwb Brian D. Taylor's Txoj Cai ntawm Putinism, uas piav qhia lub ntiaj teb saib ntawm Putin thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa ze tshaj plaws. Lwm phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws txog Putin yog neeg sau xov xwm Catherine Belton Putin cov neeg, subtitles "Yuav ua li cas lub KGB coj rov qab Russia thiab ces coj mus rau sab hnub poob." Hauv Txhua tus txiv neej Kremlin: Hauv Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm Vladimir Putin, Lavxias teb sab neeg sau xov xwm Mikhail Zygar pleev xim rau cov duab tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig Putin thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ruaj ntseg apparatus.

In Tsis muaj zog tus txiv neej: Qhov txwv ntawm lub hwj chim hauv Putin lub tebchaws Russia, Timothy Frye sib cav tias Putin zoo ib yam li lwm tus neeg tswj hwm kev tswj hwm - tsis muaj zog dua li nws tshwm sim, ib feem vim nws yuav tsum tso siab rau lub xeev tsis muaj zog. Tus kws sau xov xwm Shaun Walker Lub Hangover Ntev: Putin tus Tshiab Russia thiab Dab Yav Dhau Los muab cov ntsiab lus teb rau qhov uas tau los ua Putin txoj kev npaj kawg rau Ukraine. Nws sau tias Putin siv "cov lus piav qhia yooj yim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob los hais tias Russia yuav tsum sib sau ua ke dua ib zaug tawm tsam kev hem txawv teb chaws."

Peter Pomerantev's Tsis muaj dab tsi muaj tseeb thiab txhua yam ua tau, Taug txuj kev nyuaj nyob rau niaj hnub Russia yog kev saib sab hauv los ntawm yav dhau los TV tsim tawm ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej thaum ntxov ntawm Lavxias TV hauv lub sijhawm tom qab-Soviet-thiab yuav ua li cas Putin thiab nws cov phoojywg tau tawm tsam qhov kev ywj pheej ntawd. Hauv Ntawm Ob Qhov Hluav Taws Xob, Tshiab Yorker Moscow tus kws sau xov xwm Joshua Yaffa piav qhia Putin kev tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias xov xwm, kev ntseeg hauv kev xav tau tus thawj coj muaj zog, kev cuam tshuam ntau tus neeg Lavxias ua thiab cov xwm txheej uas qhia txog kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm Ukraine.

Lub sijhawm poob ntawm Russia dhau los ua kev ywj pheej ywj pheej nrog kev lag luam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag - yog tias muaj lub sijhawm ntawd - tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau phau ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv thaum Boris Yeltsin txoj cai ua ntej Putin los ua tus thawj tswj hwm. Cov phau ntawv no suav nrog Chrystia Freeland's Kev muag khoom ntawm lub xyoo pua: Sab hauv Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, Anders Åslund's Russia lub Capitalist Revolution thiab Karen Dawisha Putin's Kleptocracy, qhov uas nws sib cav tias "kleptocratic tribute system [yog] nyob rau hauv Russia lub authoritarian tsoom fwv."

In Tsis yog Ib Ntiv: Asmeskas, Russia, thiab Kev Ua Tsov Rog Tom Qab Txias Tsis Muaj Zog, ME Sarotte muab ib qho kev qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm NATO tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Soviet Union thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Anne Applebaum's Iron Curtain: Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-1956 thiab Timothy Garton Ash's Lub Teeb Khawv koob: Kev Tawm Tsam '89 Ua tim khawv hauv Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin thiab Prague piav qhia vim li cas coob tus neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj Europe xav kom lawv lub tebchaws tuaj koom NATO.

Ib hom ntawv muaj nyob uas tuaj yeem hu ua "Koj yuav tsum tau mloog kuv txog Putin." Lawv suav nrog Garry Kasparov's Lub caij ntuj no los txog: Vim li cas Vladimir Putin thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Dawb yuav tsum raug tso tseg, Fiona Hill thiab Clifford Gaddy's Yawg Putin: Ua haujlwm hauv Kremlinthiab Mark Galeotti's Peb yuav tsum tham txog Putin: Yuav ua li cas sab hnub poob tau txais nws yuam kev, qhov twg Galeotti tau kwv yees kom raug: "Nws nyuaj rau pom kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia, tsuav yog Putin nyob hauv Kremlin." Ib qho tom qab Lub Ob Hlis 2022 nkag yog Russia Conundrum los ntawm Mikhail Khodorkovsky - leej twg raug kev txom nyem ntau xyoo hauv tsev loj cuj Lavxias tab sis ntseeg tias "Russia tuaj yeem cawm tau los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, uas nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub tebchaws ib txwm muaj."

Putin's Lwm Tsov Rog: Lavxias teb sab armed rog muaj ua rau muaj kev tsim txom tib neeg txoj cai nyob rau hauv Ukraine, nrog rau tsim txom, foob pob cov tsev kho mob thiab tawm tsam cov pej xeem. Anna Borshchevskaya piav txog kev ua phem zoo sib xws hauv Putin Kev Tsov Rog hauv Syria: Txoj Cai Txawv Tebchaws Lavxias thiab Tus Nqi ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tsis tuaj.

Mark Galeotti piav qhia txog kev lim hiam uas siv hauv Russia Tsov Rog hauv Chechnya 1994-2009. (Galeotti yuav tso tawm Putin's Wars: Los ntawm Chechnya mus rau Ukraine nyob rau xyoo 2022.) Ronald Asmus piav txog Russia qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Georgia thiab lub ntiaj teb cov lus teb hauv Tsov rog me me uas hloov lub ntiaj teb: Georgia, Russia thiab yav tom ntej ntawm sab hnub poob.

Keeb kwm ntawm Soviet thiab Russia: Phau ntawv ntawm Russia Revolution los ntawm Richard Pipes thiab Sheila Fitzpatrick yog qhov chaw zoo heev los pib kawm txog lub sijhawm Soviet, nrog rau Antony Beevor phau ntawv tshiab Russia: Revolution thiab Civil War, 1917-1921. Beevor phau ntawv nyeem zoo li ib qho tshiab. Orlando Figes siv qhov kev xav ntev dua hauv Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991: Keeb Kwm thiab Dab neeg ntawm Russia. Lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias tuaj yeem pom hauv Mark Galeotti's Keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Russia, thaum Rodric Braithwaite sau txog Russia: Myths thiab Realities.

Robert Conquest cov Kev ntshai heev: Kev ntsuam xyuas dua piav qhia txog tsoomfwv Soviet kev tua neeg loj thiab kev tsim txom, thaum Anne Applebaum (Gulag: A Historythiab Alexander Solzhenitsyn (Lub Gulag Archipelago) piav qhia txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm Soviet nkuaj camp system. Ob phau ntawv zoo ntxiv yog Paul R. Gregory's Ntshai los ntawm Quota thiab Lenin lub hlwb thiab lwm cov dab neeg los ntawm Secret Soviet Archives, uas piav qhia txog kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Soviet kev ntshai nyob rau hauv Stalin, ceeb toom cov tub ceev xwm tau siv lub hauv paus kev npaj "muab tua thiab kaw lub hom phiaj . . . nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam. "

Ib tug me me ntawm lub neej Stalin puas tsuaj yog depicted nyob rau hauv Kuv Txiv Cov Ntawv: Cov ntawv sau los ntawm Soviet Gulag (los ntawm Memorial) thiab nyob rau hauv xws li classic tej hauj lwm xws li Kev Cia Siab Tawm Tsam thiab Cia Siab Tso tseg los ntawm kws sau ntawv Nadezhda Mandelstam, tus poj niam ntawm kws sau paj lug Osip Mandelstam.

Biography ntawm Stalin muaj xws li ob los ntawm Robert Tucker (Stalin ua Revolutionary thiab Stalin hauv lub zog) thiab ob los ntawm Stephen Kotkin (Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928 thiab Stalin: Tos Hitler, 1929-1941).

Simon Sebag Montefiore thiab Robert Service tseem yog cov kws sau keeb kwm ntawm Stalin uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau nyeem. Kev pabcuam kuj tau sau Lenin: Phau ntawv keeb kwm, Keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub Russia: Los ntawm Tsarism mus rau nees nkaum-First Century thiab Thaum xaus ntawm Tsov Rog Txias: 1985-1991. William Taubman sau biography ntawm Nikita Khrushchev thiab Mikhail Gorbachev. Dmitri Volkogonov, ib tug qub Soviet colonel, uas tau los ua ib tug tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, sau luv luv, yuam portraits ntawm lub USSR cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv Kev tuag ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman: Xya tus thawj coj uas tsim lub tebchaws Soviet.

Ukraine: Keeb kwm zoo heev ntawm Ukraine nkag mus rau Western nyeem yog Lub Rooj vag ntawm Tebchaws Europe: Keeb Kwm ntawm Ukraine los ntawm Serhii Plokhy. Lwm phau ntawv sau zoo ntawm Ukraine yog Anna Reid's Borderland: Ib Txoj Kev Los Ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Ukraine, qhov twg, zoo li Plokhy, nws qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab hauv Ukraine uas suav nrog Lavxias kev tawm tsam ntawm nws cov kab lis kev cai, lus thiab kev ntshaw, Stalin's kev tshaib kev nqhis, Holocaust, Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II thiab Chornobyl, ua raws li nws txoj kev pov npav rau kev ywj pheej thiab Lavxias kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ua phem nyob rau hauv lub xyoo. tom qab ntawd pov npav. Robert Conquest cov Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej thiab Anne Applebaum's Liab Famine: Stalin Tsov Rog ntawm Ukraine muab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm Soviet-tsim kev tshaib kev nqhis uas ua rau tuag ntawm lab tus Ukrainians.

Yale xibfwb Timothy Snyder phau ntawv Bloodlands: Teb chaws Europe Ntawm Hitler thiab Stalin piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov neeg Ukrainians (thiab lwm tus) raug kev txom nyem ua ntej thiab thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II: "Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Tebchaws Europe nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov Nazi thiab Soviet tsoom fwv tua ib co 14 lab tus tib neeg. . . . Nov yog keeb kwm ntawm kev tua neeg pej xeem. " Nws cais cov 14 lab ntawm cov neeg raug mob los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tub rog. (Snyder tau ua nws cov lus qhuab qhia hauv Ukraine muaj pub dawb hauv online.) Hauv Dab Ntxwg Nyoog 'Alliance: Hitler's Pact nrog Stalin, 1939-1941, Roger Moorhouse tsis lees txais "Kremlin's postwar exculpatory kab uas Stalin tsuas yog yuav lub sijhawm los ntawm kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus."

Rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev siv ntawm Crimea, uas Russia tau ntxiv rau xyoo 2014, muaj Kev Tsov Rog Crimean: Keeb Kwm los ntawm Orlando Figes, uas sau tias, "Raws li rau Tsar, Nicholas kuv, tus txiv neej ntau tshaj li tus neeg ua haujlwm rau Crimean Tsov Rog, nws yog ib feem los ntawm kev khav theeb thiab khav theeb, vim yog tsar rau 27 xyoo, ib feem los ntawm nws. kev nkag siab ntawm yuav ua li cas lub hwj chim loj xws li Russia yuav tsum coj mus rau nws cov neeg zej zog uas tsis muaj zog, thiab ib feem los ntawm kev suav tsis raug tag nrho txog seb lwm lub zog yuav teb li cas rau nws qhov kev ua. " Cov neeg nyeem yuav pom qhov sib piv rau tam sim no.

Cov neeg sau xov xwm Tim Judah (Nyob rau hauv Wartime: Dab neeg los ntawm Ukraine) sau tias, "Rau ntev heev Ukraine, lub teb chaws thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe tom qab Russia, yog ib qho ntawm cov teb chaws uas tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm." Qhov ntawd tsis yog lawm.

Cov phau ntawv hais txog Ukraine lub sijhawm tom qab-Soviet qhia meej tias Russia kev tsov rog tawm tsam Ukraine pib xyoo 2014, tsis yog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2022, raws li ntau lub tebchaws sab hnub poob xav. Hauv Poob: Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm ib tug tub rog tuag tau hais los ntawm Nws tus muam, Olesya Khromeychuk qhia zaj dab neeg mob siab rau nws tus tij laug. Nws tuag sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Donbas rau Ukrainian Armed Forces nyob rau hauv 2017. Phau ntawv qhia peb yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam lub neej kev tsov kev rog yuav puas.

Ukrainian neeg sau xov xwm Stanislav Aseev, tus sau ntawm Hauv Isolation: Dispatches los ntawm Occupied Donbas, sau txog "kev tsim txom hauv av hauv Donetsk" qhov chaw uas nws pom nws tus kheej: "Nws nyob ntawm no, hauv tsev lojcuj, uas kuv tau pom ntau lub neej tawg. . . tab sis kuj yog lub zog ntawm tib neeg lub siab nyiam nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas zoo li tsis muaj kev cia siab tag nrho. "

Ukraine vs. Darkness: Undiplomatic Xav los ntawm Olexander Scherba, Ukrainian diplomat thiab yav dhau los Ambassador rau Austria, yog ib tug prescient tsom xam ntawm Russia lub hom phiaj rau Ukraine sau ua ntej lub loj-scale lub ob hlis ntuj 2022 ntxeem tau.

Tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian Andrey Kurkov tau sau Ukraine Chaw muag mis nyuj: Dispatches los ntawm Kiev los piav txog qhov kev tawm tsam uas tau pib xyoo 2013 thiab lawv qhov kev tshwm sim tom qab. Hauv Kev Sib Tw Ntawm Peb Lub Neej: Kuv Lub Sijhawm nrog Zelenskyy, Ukraine Kev Sib Tw rau Kev ywj pheej, thiab Nws txhais li cas rau lub ntiaj teb, Julia Mendel, yav dhau los tus tuav ntaub ntawv xov xwm rau Ukraine Thawj Tswj Hwm Volodymyr Zelensky, sau txog cov hnub thaum ntxov ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab sau cov ntsiab lus biographical txog nws tus thawj coj qub.

Russian thiab Ukrainian Literature: Cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias tau pab txhawb rau lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai txawm tias cov thawj coj Lavxias thiab Soviet tau tua, yuav luag tua thiab censored ntau lub teb chaws cov kws sau ntawv loj tshaj plaws.

Soviet tub ceev xwm tua Isaac Babel (yug hauv Odesa), tsim txom Boris Pasternak rau kev tshaj tawm Tus kws kho mob Zhivago txawv teb chaws thiab yeej qhov khoom plig Nobel rau Cov Ntawv Sau, tiv thaiv Mikhail Bulgakov los ntawm kev tshaj tawm nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshiab (Master thiab Margarita) thaum nws lub neej, thiab daim ntawv tuaj yeem mus ntxiv. Fyodor Dostoevsky dim lub tsev loj cuj Lavxias teb sab, thiab Alexander Solzhenitsyn nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Gulag. Leo Tolstoy muaj hmoo tsis tuag thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog Crimean.

Ntawm cov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias yog Kev Txhaum Cai thiab Kev Rau Txim thiab Cov kwv tij Karamazov los ntawm Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anna Karenina thiab Ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm Leo Tolstoy, lub ua yeeb yam thiab cov dab neeg luv luv Anton Chekhov, Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, Mikhail Lermontov's Hero ntawm Peb Lub Sijhawm, Ivan Turgenev Txiv thiab Tub, Solzhenitsyn tus Ib hnub nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Ivan Denisovich, Yevgeny Zamyatin's We (tus thawj coj ntawm Orwell's 1984). Saib cov hauj lwm ntawm Soviet kws sau ntawv Vladimir Voinovich.

Tolstoy thiab Dostoevsky, tau kawg, tau sau lwm yam zoo-paub dab neeg thiab dab neeg luv luv. Turgenev cov Ib tug Sportsman's Notebook is suav nrog kev cuam tshuam Tsar Alexander II qhov kev txiav txim siab los xaus serfdom nyob rau hauv Russia. Turgenev raug ntes thiab tau siv sijhawm nyob hauv tsev lojcuj.

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv Sergei Lebedev tau sau dab neeg, xws li hais txog cov tshuaj lom ntawm tsoom fwv tawm tsam, uas ntaus ze rau tsev. Lwm tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias niaj hnub no, Vladimir Sorokin, tus sau ntawm Hnub ntawm Oprichnik, lub neej hauv exile vim nws tawm tsam Russia ua tsov rog hauv Ukraine.

Russia tswj hwm Ukraine thiab suppressed Ukrainian lus. Yog li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv xws li Nikolai Gogol feem ntau sau ua lus Lavxias, txawm tias nws yog yug hauv Ukraine. Nws tau tsiv mus rau Petersburg thaum tseem hluas thiab sau ntawv cov dab neeg luv luv nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Ukraine. Nws qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws yog Tuag Mus Ua Tsov.

Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861) yog Ukraine tus kws sau paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws. Nws sau ntawv hauv Ukrainian thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig los txhawb Ukrainian kab lis kev cai, txawm tias cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias suppressed nws cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj ntau ntau cov phau ntawv muaj uas txhais nws tej hauj lwm. Cov kws sau ntawv Ukrainian niaj hnub suav nrog Andrey Kurkov (Grey Bees), Oksana Zabuzhko (Fieldwork nyob rau hauv Ukrainian deev), Serhiy Zhadan (Voroshilovgrad) thiab lwm leej lwm tus.

Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv hais txog Russia thiab Ukraine tsis yog tag nrho, tab sis qhov chaw zoo pib.