Ib qho M240 hauv Afghanistan hauv xyoo 1980s.
Cov tub rog Soviet photo
Cov tub rog Ukrainian lub mortar loj heev yog ib yam dab tsi tsis meej. Peb tsis paub qhov twg cov Ukrainians tau txais lawv 240-millimeter M240 lossis M240s. Tsis yog peb tsis paub cov mos txwv hom twg lawv tau txais.
We do paub tus kheej ntawm ib chav Ukrainian siv M240-thiab qhov twg. Ukrainian navy lub 35th Marine Brigade tau deployed tsawg kawg yog ib lub mortars loj nyob ze Marinka nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Ukraine lub Donbas cheeb tsam.
M240 yog qhov ze tshaj plaws hauv cov tub rog niaj hnub no riam phom siege. Cumbersome thiab me ntsis tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ntau tab sis tsis tshua muaj neeg muaj zog, M240 tuaj yeem ua kom lub nroog blocks lossis tsoo qhov tob tob txog li 12 mais deb.
Ua ntej M240 thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Ukrainian kev pabcuam thaum lub Cuaj Hli 2022, tib qho piv txwv ntawm cov mortar loj uas ib tus neeg sab nraud ntawm cov tub rog puas tau pom hauv Ukraine tau koom nrog lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Kyiv.
Nws yog ua tau cov Ukrainians qhib lub tsev khaws puav pheej no. Nws tseem muaj peev xwm muaj 50-xyoo-laus, ex-Soviet M240s moldering nyob rau hauv ib co tsis meej warehouse nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Tsawg dua, ib qho ntawm Ukraine cov phooj ywg - Romania? Czech koom pheej?—tej zaum tau pub ib lossis ntau dua ntawm lawv tus kheej M240s thaum ub.
Lub tuam txhab Soviet Uraltransmash tau tsim ntau pua tus cab thiab tus kheej-propelled M240s ntawm lig 1960s thiab lig 80s. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau dov mus rau hauv Ukraine lub Ob Hlis kawg nrog tsawg kawg ob peb ntawm tus kheej 2S4s - thiab tam sim ntawd poob plaub ntawm lawv rau Ukrainian counterbattery hluav taws.
Cov riam phom sluggishness ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim rau cov yeeb ncuab artillery. Txawm hais tias tus kheej-propelled 2S4 tej zaum yuav me ntsis nimble dua ib tug towed M240, ob lub versions yuav tsum tau ib tug loj pab pawg neeg - mus txog rau 11 tus neeg - los yog ib tug crane rau reloading lawv 300-phaus plhaub. M240 tuaj yeem tua ib puag ncig ib feeb.
Lub mortar loj heev tsis xav tau qhov tseeb, tab sis muaj is lub laser-guided version ntawm nws lub foob pob tawg siab-lub 3F5. Cov tub rog Soviet thawj zaug siv 3F5 hauv Afghanistan thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1985, kom muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm thawj zaug lobbed ob qhov tsis muaj kev taw qhia ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj - lub fortress mujahideen - txhawm rau ntsuas lub mortar. Tom ntej no, lawv tau tua 3F5 puag ncig "uas nkag mus rau lub ru tsev ntawm lub fortress," tus kws tshuaj ntsuam Lester Grau tau sau rau hauv ib tug 2006 txoj kev tshawb no. “Lub fortress ploj mus nyob rau hauv ib tug huab ntawm pa taws, hmoov av thiab khib nyiab. Lub luag haujlwm tau siv sijhawm 15 feeb. "
Peb tau pom Lavxias teb sab tub rog tua ob peb 3F5s nyob rau hauv Ukraine, tab sis tsis muaj pov thawj - tsis tau - tias cov Ukrainians tau siv tib lub voj voog. Thiab rau qhov laj thawj zoo. Raws li Ukraine lub M240 tej zaum cia ua ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nws cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau 3F5s.
Cov tub rog Ukrainian tau tshaj tawm tias tau ntes cov khoom ntawm 240-millimeter mortar foob pob thaum lub sijhawm Lavxias tawm ntawm Kharkiv Oblast lub caij nplooj zeeg dhau los. Cov Tshuag no tuaj yeem suav nrog ob peb 3F5s.
Tab sis ua tau siv cov kev taw qhia rounds kuj xav tau ib tug ncaj ncees npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa: ib tug 1D15 laser-designator thiab 1A35I relay nyob rau pem hauv ntej soj ntsuam ncej, ntxiv rau ib tug 1A35K relay ntawm lub firing txoj hauj lwm.
Tom qab calibrating nrog unguided rounds, cov neeg coob tua hluav taws 3F5. Lub 1A35K relay ces txuas mus rau 1A35I relay thiab ua rau lub laser designator, uas illuminates lub hom phiaj rau lub plhaub tuaj.
Tshwj tsis yog cov Ukrainians muaj ib qho chaw ntawm relays thiab cov neeg xaiv tsa hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej lossis lub tsev khaws khoom, lossis qee tus phooj ywg pub dawb rau cov tshuab, cov tubrog nkoj tau nruj me ntsis tua cov kev tsis pom kev los ntawm lawv cov mortar lossis mortars.
Qhov twg yog qhov zoo. Lub foob pob 300-phaus tsis tas yuav tsaws qhov twg ze nws lub hom phiaj kom ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov. ntau ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Precision tsis yog M240 cov neeg coob txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws. ceev- lawv qhov tsis muaj - yog qhov lawv yuav tsum txhawj txog.
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/02/05/the-biggest-mortars-in-ukraine-are-slow-devastating-siege-weapons/