Qhov no yog thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tias lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov txiv ntawm thoroughbred racehorses ntawm conception tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau lawv ceev.
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Hnub nyoog tsuas yog tus lej xwb, raws li cov lus qub hais. Tsuas yog thaum nws tsis yog.
Txawm hais tias niam txiv muaj hnub nyoog cuam tshuam tau raug sau tseg hauv ntau yam tsiaj, suav nrog hauv tib neeg thiab txawm nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lawv qhov ntau thiab qhov loj yog txwv rau ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, yuav luag tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb no tsuas yog sau tseg cov xeeb ntxwv ciaj sia, pom tias cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov niam txiv laus muaj lub neej luv dua. Qhov thib ob, peb muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv peb txoj kev paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm leej txiv lub hnub nyoog vim tias feem ntau kev tshawb fawb tsuas yog tsom rau niam hnub nyoog. (Qhov no yog vim li cas: niam yog yooj yim dua los txheeb xyuas thiab vim hais tias leej niam muab tag nrho los yog ze li ntawm tag nrho cov niam txiv kev saib xyuas nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tsiaj.) Raws li qhov kev tshawb pom qhia, raws li ib tug niam hnub nyoog, qhov zoo thiab ntau ntawm kev saib xyuas nws muab nws cov xeeb ntxwv feem ntau. poob, thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj feem xyuam rau cov me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob thiab ciaj sia taus.
Tab sis niam txiv hnub nyoog yog tej zaum tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam molecular mechanisms uas kuj yuav cuam tshuam rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Hauv cov tsiaj nyeg, nws tau pom tias tag nrho cov qe zoo yuav degenerate raws li leej niam hnub nyoog (ref). Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm epigenetic (kev kho kom haum xeeb, piv txwv li, los ntawm DNA methylation, kev hloov kho histone thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov tsis-coding RNAs) kuj tshwm sim nce ntxiv nrog rau cov niam txiv muaj hnub nyoog (ref & ref).
Thoroughbred mare & foal, grazing ntawm Kentucky bluegrass. (Credit: Tsuas yog chaos / CC BY 2.0)
Tsuas yog chaos ntawm daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons
Tab sis dab tsi txog racehorses?
"Qhov tseeb tias niam txiv hnub nyoog cuam tshuam rau kev sib tw nees yuav tsum muaj kev txaus siab rau kev lag luam nees", hais tias tus thawj coj, tus kws tshawb fawb txog biologist Patrick Sharman, uas yog Postdoctoral Research Associate ntawm lub University of Exeter.
Kev nrawm yog qhov zoo ntawm racehorses uas tau xaiv ntau heev los ntawm cov neeg yug tsiaj nees, yog li ntawd puas yog niam txiv hnub nyoog - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub nyoog niam txiv - cuam tshuam rau kev sib tw khiav ceev?
Qhov no yog cov lus nug tseem ceeb los ntawm Dr Sharman thiab nws cov neeg koom tes. Lawv tau txheeb xyuas 906,027 kev sib tw ua yeeb yam los ntawm 101,257 British racehorses ntawm 1996 thiab 2019. Cov racehorses suav nrog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm 41,107 mares thiab 2,887 stallions.
Raws li qhov xav tau, pab pawg pom muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm niam muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kev nrawm (Daim duab 1a), nrog rau txhua xyoo ntxiv ntawm leej niam lub hnub nyoog ntawm conception txo nws cov xeeb ntxwv ceev los ntawm 0.6 ntiv tes (los yog 1.55 cm) ib ob. Qhov zoo li qhov me me no txhais ua qhov sib txawv ib-ob thib ob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib mais kev sib tw rau cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug me nyuam muaj tsib xyoos piv rau ib tug me nyuam hnub nyoog kaum tsib xyoos.
DAIM 1 : Kev kwv yees nees (cov xeeb ntxwv) ceev los ntawm (a) niam thiab (b) leej txiv hnub nyoog hauv xyoo. … [+]
doi: 10.1098/rsos.220691
Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tsis thoob thaum pom tias leej txiv lub hnub nyoog kuj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws cov xeeb ntxwv: rau txhua xyoo nce hauv lub hnub nyoog stallion, nws cov xeeb ntxwv qeeb los ntawm 0.4 ntiv tes (lossis 1.01 cm) ib ob (Daim duab 1.b).
Hauv kev sib tw kis las uas txawm tias ib nti tuaj yeem cais tus yeej los ntawm kev sib tw, qhov kev loj hlob no tuaj yeem txhais tau yooj yim rau ntau txhiab nyiaj.
“Tej zaum tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov xeeb ntxwv ceev poob qis nrog cov niam muaj hnub nyoog zuj zus. Nws yog cov dams, tom qab tag nrho, leej twg saib xyuas tus foal, thawj zaug hauv utero, thiab tom qab ntawd mus txog rau ib ncig ntawm 6 lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog ", Dr Sharman piav qhia hauv nqe lus.
"Dab tsi kuv pom qhov ntxim nyiam, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kev muaj hnub nyoog ntawm leej txiv kuj ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev sib tw nees," Dr Sharman tau xav txog nrov nrov. "Thoroughbred stallions tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam dab tsi yog tsa tus foal, yog li dab tsi tom qab qhov kev poob qis no?"
Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog cov txheej txheem molecular uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim no.
"Cov kev tshawb pom no, rau qhov zoo ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb, tuaj yeem siv los ua kom zoo rau kev txiav txim siab yug me nyuam nrog rau ob qho tib si lub hom phiaj (cov xeeb ntxwv ceev) thiab cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag (xws li cov nqi kawm ntawv) hauv kev lag luam thoroughbred", qhov kev tshawb fawb sau ntawv sau (ref). "Txawm hais tias txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsis meej meej rau cov txheej txheem, peb kuj cia siab tias peb qhov kev tshawb pom yuav txhawb kev tshawb fawb rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas niam txiv hnub nyoog cuam tshuam raug xa mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv phenotype."
"Feem ntau, nws ntxiv rau lub cev nce ntxiv ntawm cov pov thawj uas taw qhia rau niam txiv 'lub xeev' thaum lub sijhawm xeeb tub muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov xeeb ntxwv xeeb ntxwv", Dr Sharman tau taw qhia. "Qhov no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj li racehorses thiab horseracing kev lag luam."
Tau qhov twg los:
Patrick Sharman, Andrew J. Young thiab Alastair J. Wilson (2022). Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv hnub nyoog cuam tshuam rau kev ceev hauv cov nees sib tw thoroughbred, Noob nom noob tswv qhib Open Society 9:220691 | doi:10.1098/rsos.220691
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CEEB TOOM RAU "KEV" THEV: Daim duab no yog © Copyright by GrrlScientist. Tshwj tsis yog hais lwm yam, tag nrho cov khoom siv los ntawm Forbes on no Forbes website yog copyright © GrrlScientist. Tsis muaj ib tus neeg lossis lub koomhaum raug tso cai luam tawm, luam tawm, siv lag luam lossis thov kev tso cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv no Forbes website yam tsis muaj ntawv tso cai los ntawm GrrlScientist.
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.forbes.com/sites/grrlscientist/2022/10/10/racehorses-sired-by-old-stallions-run-slower-than-those-with-young-fathers/