Multi-Party Computation (MPC) yog ib lub tshuab uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib koom ntawm ntau tog tsis muaj ib tog twg nkag tau rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv.
Hom kev faib xam no tau txais kev txhawb nqa nyob rau xyoo tas los no, vim tias nws cov khoom siv suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tus kheej (PII), yam tsis muaj cov neeg koom nrog nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyoos. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj ib tus neeg koom nrog nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, cryptologists tau tsim ntau yam kev cai uas tso cai rau ob tog sib cais thiab sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv encrypted ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Multi-Party Computation yog dab tsi?
Ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb, MPC yog ib lub tshuab uas tso cai rau ntau tog los xam cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj ib tog twg nkag tau rau cov ntaub ntawv nyoos. Lawv ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv daim ntawv thiab encrypting lawv kom tsis muaj tus neeg koom nrog tuaj yeem decrypt nws ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm MPC yog tias nws tso cai rau kev suav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv encrypted, yog li cov neeg koom tsis tuaj yeem pom tias lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm suav nrog lossis cov txiaj ntsig dab tsi uas lawv tau tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Keeb kwm ntawm MPC
Kev suav ntau tog (MPC) thawj zaug tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv xyoo 1970, thaum Suav cov lus dab neeg cryptography Andrew Yao tsim Garbled Circuits raws tu qauv, uas tso cai rau ob tog los xam cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis tau qhia lawv cov tswv yim. Nws Cov Teeb Meem Loj Loj tau muab piv txwv yooj yim ntawm MPC ob tog.
Xyoo 1987, GMW (Goldreich-Micali-Wigderson) raws tu qauv tau yug los, tso cai rau ntau lub platforms tiag tiag, thiab hauv 2008 MPC tau muaj nws qhov kev tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb tiag hauv Danish qab zib beet sib tw sib tw uas khaws cia kev ceev ntiag tug ntawm txhua tus neeg sib tw. koom nrog. Qhov no tau cim qhov pib ntawm txoj kev hloov pauv tshiab los ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg digital pauv nrog ntau tus neeg koom.
Multi-Party Computation ua haujlwm li cas?
MPC siv cov txheej txheem cryptography xws li kev sib qhia zais cia thiab homomorphic encryption txhawm rau faib thiab faib cov ntaub ntawv zais ntawm ntau lub tog. Kev sib koom tsis pub leej twg paub suav nrog kev faib cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau txhua tog neeg tsuas yog tau txais ib daim xwb, txhais tau tias tsis muaj leej twg nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Homomorphic encryption yog siv los pab kev suav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv encrypted, txhais tau tias lawv tsis nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv rhiab hauv daim ntawv dawb.
Ib qho piv txwv los piav qhia yuav ua li cas Multi-Party Computation Works
Cia peb hais tias peb lub tuam txhab, A, B, thiab C, xav koom tes hauv ib qhov project tab sis tsis txhob ntseeg ib leeg txaus los qhia lawv cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev. Los ntawm kev siv MPC cov kev daws teeb meem, lawv tuaj yeem sib cais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab ua kev suav rau ntawm nws, tsis muaj leej twg nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyoos.
Ua ntej, A, B, thiab C yuav siv cov kev sib qhia zais cia los faib lawv cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ntau qhov chaw. Txhua lub tuam txhab mam li encrypt cov khoom no siv homomorphic encryption algorithms thiab xa mus rau lwm tus neeg koom. Tam sim no, tag nrho peb tog tau encrypted cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib leeg, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem decrypt nws ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv.
Tom ntej no, A, B, thiab C tuaj yeem ua kev suav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv encrypted yam tsis tas yuav decrypt nws. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua tus neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem pom lawv tus kheej qhov kev koom tes, thaum tseem tuaj yeem koom tes hauv qhov project. Thaum kawg, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov neeg koom nrog nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ntawm ib leeg, lawv tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias lawv cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Vim li cas MPC thiaj li hu ua privacy-preserving computation?
Cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, nrog ntau lub ntiaj teb kev hloov pauv thiab kev nce qib ncaj qha mus rau nws. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia tag nrho feem ntau tuaj nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntiag tug lossis txawm tias tsis muaj kev tswj hwm.
Multi-Party Computation (MPC) muaj tswv yim daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem no, pab tsim kom muaj qhov chaw tshiab hauv online uas cov tog neeg tuaj yeem nkag tau qee yam ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm lwm tus neeg cov ntaub ntawv lossis lawv tus kheej.
MPC siv cov txheej txheem ruaj ntseg uas tsis nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj tsis yog cov txiaj ntsig, lub ntsiab lus ob tog tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yam tsis tau nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej lossis ua txhaum lwm tus txoj cai ntiag tug. Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb raws li peb paub thiab ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev nyab xeeb yav tom ntej uas muaj cov hauv kev los ntawm kev sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Multi-Party Computation Solutions
MPC cov kev daws teeb meem muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig, suav nrog:
• Ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv – Los ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv encrypted thiab tsis nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ntawm txhua qhov chaw, MPC kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj ib tog twg tuaj yeem nkag mus tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no ua rau nws yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev, xws li PII lossis cov ntaub ntawv kho mob.
• Txhim kho kev ceev ntiag tug - Raws li txhua tus neeg koom tsuas tau txais ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg thiab tsis muaj ib tog twg nkag tau rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, MPC kuj pab txhim kho kev ceev ntiag tug los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib tog twg los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov tib neeg.
• Txhim khu kev ceev thiab scalability - MPC cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem khiav cov kev suav ua ke, txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv loj heev. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov haujlwm xws li kev kawm tshuab, uas yuav tsum tau siv ntau lub zog los ua.
Disadvantages ntawm Multi-Party Computation Solutions
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm MPC cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog:
• Cov nqi siab dua – Kev siv thiab khiav MPC cov kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum muaj peev txheej ntau dua li cov txheej txheem kev suav ib txwm siv. Qhov no suav nrog kev yuav khoom kho vajtse, software, thiab lwm yam cuab yeej xav tau rau kev teeb tsa.
• Complexity – Teeb tsa MPC system yuav nyuaj vim yog cov txheej txheem cryptography ntxiv uas xav tau. Qhov no tseem tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev daws teeb meem thiab kev debug, vim tias txhua yam teeb meem yuav tsum tau hais nyob thoob plaws ntau tog.
• Kev qeeb qeeb – Txij li MPC cov kev daws teeb meem tau khiav kev suav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv encrypted, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm qeeb dua li cov txheej txheem suav ib txwm ua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov haujlwm uas xav tau ntau lub zog ntawm kev suav yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua kom ua tiav.
MPC Daim Ntawv Thov hauv ntiaj teb tiag
Kev tshuaj ntsuam caj ces
Geneticists siv MPC los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Hloov chaw xa cov DNA tsis sib luag hauv Is Taws Nem, txhua tog neeg nkag mus rau lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv thiab xa mus rau lwm tus neeg rau zaub mov uas MPC tuaj yeem sib piv, txheeb xyuas, thiab txhais cov txiaj ntsig yam tsis muaj txhua tog qhia lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev lag luam nyiaj txiag
Koj tuaj yeem siv MPC kom ruaj ntseg kev lag luam nyiaj txiag. Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv ntau daim thiab ua tiav hauv ib puag ncig MPC ruaj ntseg, kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj ib tog twg nkag tau rau txhua yam ntaub ntawv. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov kev daws teeb meem kev them nyiaj digital xws li kev sib pauv cryptocurrency, qhov twg kev ceev ntiag tug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj
Koj tuaj yeem siv MPC cov kev daws teeb meem los qhia thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntau. Los ntawm encrypting cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej xa nws, txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qee cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam tsis muaj lwm tus neeg ntiag tug lossis kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no ua rau MPC yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sim tshuaj thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv tus neeg mob.
Pib kos npe rau hauv blockchains
MPC tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kos npe digital hauv ntau yam blockchain tej yaam num. Lawv ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev faib cov npe kos npe ntawm ntau tus neeg koom, ua kom tsis muaj ib tog twg nkag mus rau tag nrho kos npe. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv kos npe digital tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj pov thawj txawm tias ib tog tau txais kev cuam tshuam.
Muaj kev nyab xeeb rau MPC
Cryptographic txoj kev
Cryptographic txoj kev yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub computer kev ruaj ntseg uas tso cai rau peb khaws thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev. Ob lub ntsiab cryptographic siv rau lub hom phiaj no yog homomorphic encryption thiab xoom-paub pov thawj.
Homomorphic encryption siv cov qauv lej los ua kom muaj kev suav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv encrypted yam tsis tau decrypting ua ntej, ua kom yooj yim rau kev qhia cov ntaub ntawv kom ruaj ntseg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ceev ntiag tug.
Zero-paub pov thawj muab cov tswv yim ua lej los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis tau nthuav tawm nws cov ntsiab lus, ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus paub.
Lwm cov txheej txheem siv hauv cryptography yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ceev ntiag tug, uas ntxiv cov kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov tsis sib xws rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, tiv thaiv cov neeg phem los ntawm kev tau txais cov neeg siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem cryptographic muab kev tswj hwm peb cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev muab cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv ua txhaum cai.
Cov txheej txheem AI / ML rov qab
AI / ML-txhawb txoj hauv kev yog pab txhawb rau tiam tom ntej ntawm kev ceev ntiag tug-tsav kev pib. Ob lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas ua rau kev hloov pauv no yog cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws thiab kev kawm hauv tsoomfwv.
Cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws yog ib hom kev txawj ntse uas tsim cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus uas rov ua dua qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov yam ntxwv yam tsis tau siv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag.
Federated kev kawm yog ib hom kev faib tshuab kev kawm cov txheej txheem uas cov kws tshuaj ntsuam qhia cov qauv hla ntau cov ntaub ntawv ib txhij yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus paub lossis cov ntaub ntawv rhiab khaws cia hauv lawv.
Ua ke, ob txoj hauv kev no ua rau ob qho tib si zoo dua thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug txij thaum pib mus txog qhov kawg, tso cai rau peb txiav txim siab ntse dua nrog kev lees paub ntau dua.
xaus
MPC yog ib lub tshuab nrov nrov uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau lub tog tsis muaj ib tog twg nkag tau rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Nws siv cov txheej txheem cryptographic xws li kev sib qhia zais cia thiab homomorphic encryption los sib cais thiab encrypt cov ntaub ntawv, kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyoos lossis profile ib tus neeg los ntawm nws.
Nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau, suav nrog kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv, txhim kho kev ceev ntiag tug, thiab txhim kho kev nrawm thiab ua kom muaj zog, MPC cov kev daws teeb meem muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov koom haum kom ruaj ntseg thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev.
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.cryptopolitan.com/multi-party-computation-mpc-solutions/