Khaws Cia txias - Los ntawm Lub Khw Rau Qhov Rooj

Kev thauj mus los ntev-ntev thiab mais kawg ntawm cov zaub mov, tshuaj, cov khoom puas tsuaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv kub ntxhov yog nyob ntawm cov tsheb tub yees. Kwv yees li 2% ntawm North America lub ~ 38M lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawm txoj kev niaj hnub no tau tso rau hauv tub yees thiab tsim tau $ 12B / xyoo hauv cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj (tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom yog ~ $ 750B / xyoo). Kev txav chaw ntawm cov khoom lag luam suav nrog kev sib txuas sib txuas ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, warehouses, factories thiab liaj teb uas pub cov khoom rau hauv cov tsheb thauj mus ntev uas xa qhov no mus rau cov chaw xa khoom hauv zos thiab cov khw muag khoom. Cov khoom xa tawm kawg-mais txav cov khoom muag los ntawm cov chaw faib khoom thiab cov khw muag khoom mus rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam, tsim tau ~ $ 60B / xyoo hauv cov nyiaj tau los. 10% ntawm cov no ($ 6B / xyoo) yog cov tub yees khoom xa tuaj.

Txias saw tis yog txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas tswj kev txav ntawm cov khoom kub-rhiab heev los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus (cov chaw tsim khoom, ua liaj ua teb, warehouses, faib chaw) mus rau cov neeg siv kawg. Lub sijhawm khaws cia / kev thauj mus los thiab kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev npaj, saib xyuas thiab ua haujlwm kom khaws cov khoom zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees. Cov kev siv thaum ntxov tau siv cov dej khov thiab cov dej khov qhuav thiab raug txwv rau qhov luv luv. Mechanically txias tsheb thauj khoom tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1935 los ntawm Fredrick Jones, tus kws paub txog tus kheej thiab ua tiav engineers uas tau ua haujlwm hauv US Army hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, thauj cov tshuaj, ntshav thiab zaub mov rau cov tub rog Asmeskas. Qhov pib ntawm US Interstate Highway system hauv xyoo 1956 tau pom kev txhim kho ntau yam hauv lub peev xwm, kev ua tau zoo thiab ntau yam ntawm cov tsheb tub yees (paub ntxim nyiam thiab zoo kawg nkaus li "reefers”. Bill Maher yuav tsum nyiam qhov no!).

Feem ntau mus deb reefers ntiav mechanical tub yees los muab kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm tag nrho cov ntim sab hauv ntawm lub trailer lossis lub thawv ntim khoom uas khaws cov khoom. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kua dej txias, compressors, rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov cua yog siv nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau tsav los ntawm diesel uas muab lub zog rau kev khiav lub tub yees. Ntau qhov kev xaiv xa mus rau mais kawg kuj tseem siv qee qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev no.

Qhov nce ntawm kev lag luam e-lag luam thiab Covid kis thoob qhov txhia chaw tau nce lub tub yees kawg-mais xa khoom los ntawm cov khw muag khoom thiab cov chaw xa khoom mus rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Cov khw muag khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev lag luam e-lag luam tau pom cov cib fim tseem ceeb hauv tib hnub ntawm kev xa khoom tsis zoo xws li khoom noj khoom haus, khoom noj khoom haus ib nrab npaj thiab tshuaj. Lawv ua raws li kev nqis peev hauv warehouses thiab tus me nyuam. Tshwj xeeb thiab lub hom phiaj-tsim vans, neeg hlau thiab drones yog qee qhov kev xaiv tau tsim rau cov khoom xa tuaj.

Kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv cov tsheb thauj mus los kawg suav nrog:

1. Cov tsheb me me, lub teeb yuag: Kev xa khoom ntau rau cov khw muag khoom noj thiab lwm qhov chaw muag khoom siv Chav Kawm 5 txog 7 tsheb thauj khoom thiab / lossis tsheb laij teb-trailers. Kev xa khoom hauv tsev siv Chav Kawm 1 txog 4 lub tsheb uas tau txo cov neeg tsav tsheb cov ntawv pov thawj xav tau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj, nqi hluav taws xob thiab chaw nres tsheb. Cov tsheb thauj khoom no feem ntau <10,000 lb chassis hnyav.
2. Cov Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob: nce ntxiv, kev tsom mus rau cov pa hluav taws xob qis qis thiab cov suab nrov ua paug yog tsav kev hloov pauv ntawm cov roj lossis diesel-powered internal combustion engines mus rau lub roj teeb uas muaj hluav taws xob. Lwm cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog txo tus nqi tu vim tias tsawg dua qhov txav mus los.
3. Electric tub yees: Kev hloov pauv mus rau cov tshuab cua txias uas khiav ntawm lub roj teeb uas muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (piv rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob diesel) yog tsav los ntawm kev xav tau los tswj cov emissions thiab txav mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem ntev-mais. Nws tseem siv kaw-voj txias kua thiab compressors kom ua tiav qhov ntsuas kub. Hluav taws xob tub yees yog ib qho kev ntxiv rau kev siv hluav taws xob tsheb los muab cov khoom xa tuaj ntsuab thiab ntsiag to hauv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig. Kev koom tes ntawm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob tsheb thiab cov chaw muab kev daws teeb meem txias hais txog tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tub yees kawg-mais xa khoom ntu.
4. Solid State tub yees yog ib qeb tshwj xeeb ntawm 3 tab sis siv cov thev naus laus zis cua txias raws li Peltier nyhuv. Nws siv tsis muaj qhov txav mus los, cov kua dej txias lossis cov compressors thiab tshem tawm lub ntiaj teb ua kom sov txaus ntshai ntawm cov refrigerant leaks (cov tub yees yog hydrocarbons lossis hydroflourocarbons) uas ua rau 2000X siab dua cov cua sov hauv huab cua tshaj CO2, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom sov hauv ntiaj teb.
5. Lub hom phiaj-tsim tsheb rau ergonomic loading thiab unloading ntawm cargo, ib qho kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv
6. Customization rau ntau yam khoom kab thiab kub ntau yam: Kev xa tawm kawg-mais muaj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab tuaj yeem koom nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov khoom xav tau.

Solid-state Refrigeration for Last Mile Deliveries

Solid-state tub yees hais txog kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm thermoelectric technology. Tshwj xeeb, nws muaj feem xyuam rau daim ntawv thov Peltier effect, uas siv cov khoom siv semiconductor zoo li Bismuth Telluride Txhawm rau hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo los ntawm "lub phaj txias" (tso nyob rau ntawm lub hom phiaj kub uas tuaj yeem qis li -60C) mus rau "phaj kub" (uas yog lub dab dej kub uas nws qhov kub thiab txias yog ob peb degrees siab dua qhov ambient. kub). Thermoelectric coolers los yog TECs tau siv txij li thaum nruab nrab-1980s kom txias lasers thiab detectors rau kev sib txuas lus daim ntaub ntawv thiab yog instrumental nyob rau hauv propelling lub siab bandwidth kev sib txuas lus thiab xam revolutions (saib daim duab 1).

Kev thim rov qab cov hluav taws xob polarity ua rau TECs siv rau hauv cov cua sov hom, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov chaw txias yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws kuj tseem qhib lub sijhawm los siv hom tshuab no los xa cov khoom sov lossis kub xws li cov zaub mov npaj.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov cua kub cua txias yog qhov pom tseeb - kev ntseeg siab dua (tsis muaj qhov txav mus los thiab cov compressors), tsis muaj hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) lossis cov tub yees muaj kuab lom (uas tuaj yeem xau thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig), txo qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav thiab ua haujlwm ntsiag to. Nws kuj tseem ua rau kev hloov pauv, faib thiab thaj chaw tsom mus rau qhov ntsuas kub thiab tag nrho cov phab ntsa ntsaws zoo dua li cov txheej txheem tub yees uas tau tsim los ua kom txias tag nrho qhov ntim ntawm lub thawv lossis lub thawv.

Lub xeev cov cua txias yog siv los ua kom txias lossis kub kom ruaj khov me me optical thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov cua sov me me. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis hloov zuj zus, nws tau siv rau cov rooj sib txoos loj xws li lasers thiab computers. Kev ntsuas nws mus rau qhov chaw loj yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau theem no (piv txwv li, txias tag nrho cov tsheb thauj khoom hauv Chav Kawm 8) vim yog tus nqi, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev xav txog kev muaj peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, me me ntim ntim nyiam dej txias txias thiab cov tub yees hauv qab rau kev kho mob thiab kev siv lab yog cov tswv yim thiab muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no.

Phononic, raws li Kev Tshawb Fawb Daim duab peb sab Park (North Carolina) yog lub tuam txhab semiconductor tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim thiab tsim TECs rau kev lag luam loj xws li kev sib txuas lus thiab LiDAR rau kev thauj mus los, kev tswj hwm huab cua thiab kev cia tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tau nce $ 250M rau hnub tim, muaj 200 tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab muaj kev koom tes nrog cov koom tes tsim khoom xws li Fabrinet hauv Thaib teb. Sib nrug los ntawm nws cov cuab yeej kev txawj ntse hauv cheeb tsam semiconductor, nws tseem tau tsom mus rau kev sib koom ua ke nws cov khoom TEC rau hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab kho cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev cov tub yees rau kev kuaj, kev muag khoom, kev tswj hwm huab cua, thiab kev ua tiav cov saw hlau txias.

Daim duab 2 qhia txog cov kab mob khaub thuas ua kom tiav ecosystem uas Phononic chaw nyob, suav nrog kev khaws cia thiab chaw thau khoom ntawm cov khw muag khoom, tsev khaws khoom thiab chaw ua kom tiav raws li kev thauj mus los ntawm cov chaw no thiab cov neeg siv khoom kawg.

Lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam tote (Daim duab 3) integrates nws TECs los muab cov cua txias hauv lub tote ntim, thiab CO2 / dej refrigerant kom tsis lees txais cov cua sov rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov kiv cua sib xyaw. Cov totes qhov ntev tuaj yeem kho tau thiab tuaj hauv 2 qauv - tub yees thiab khov. Tus qub siv ~ 40W ntawm lub zog ntawm lub xeev khov kho thaum lub freezer version siv ~ 100W, zoo meej rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob hais txog kev siv hluav taws xob thiab roj teeb lub neej. Cov kev daws teeb meem muab cov kev daws teeb meem kub ntxhov nyob ntawm cov khoom lag luam them nyiaj, thiab koom ua ke IoT kev sib txuas kom tsis tu ncua saib xyuas thiab taug qab qhov kub thiab txias.

Phononic koom tes nrog Sortimo uas kho qhov txuas ntxiv Ford hluav taws xob van ua lub tsheb Tri-Temp rau cov neeg siv khoom ua qauv qhia. Txog rau tam sim no, lub tuam txhab muaj 15 kev lag luam kev teeb tsa, nrog ntau qhov kev npaj ua ntej yav tom ntej. Raws li Tony Atti, CEO ntawm Phononic, "Peb tau pom lub sijhawm los txhawb peb lub platform semiconductor thiab kev tsim qauv tsim los muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo thiab raug nqi rau qhov kawg-rau-kawg txias saw / mais kawg. Kev sim ua ntej qhia tau hais tias lub khw muag khoom noj nruab nrab nrog 60 lub khw tuaj yeem txuag tau $ 1M hauv cov nqi khiav lag luam txhua xyoo rau kev xa khoom thiab zam ntau tshaj 800 metric tons ntawm CO2 emissions, piv rau cov tsheb thauj khoom siv roj av siv cov dej khov qhuav thiab cov gel packs ". Mus rau pem hauv ntej, peb yuav hais txog qhov chaw ua tiav, kev xa khoom nruab nrab mais, hauv khw / curbside tuaj tos, thiab xa mus rau mais kawg nrog Tri-Temp tsheb thauj khoom thiab drones ".

Emerging Last Mile Delivery Solutions

Cov tuam txhab lag luam e-lag luam loj tab tom nqis peev hauv tsheb hluav taws xob rau kev xa tawm mais kawg. Amazon koom nrog Rivian yog ib qho piv txwv. Walmart tau koom tes nrog Canoo rau qhov muaj peev xwm zoo sib xws. Thaum cov no yog rau kev xa khoom dav dav, cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev cov tub yees yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau qee qhov kev thauj khoom.

Raws li kev lag luam e-lag luam thiab app-raws li kev xa khoom nce ntxiv, cov qauv tshiab ntawm kev thauj mus los kawg tau tshwm sim. Cov no yuav muaj kev ywj pheej (robots, drones thiab vans) thiab hluav taws xob propelled. Amazon tsis ntev los no launched Amazon Scout xa neeg hlau thiab tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm FAA los ua drone-based xa zaub mov thiab tshuaj.

Nuro, tus tsim ntawm autonomous vans muaj kev koom tes nrog Kroger, rau kev xa khoom noj khoom haus thiab nrog Domino rau kev xa khoom pizza. Lawv tsis ntev los no tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog Uber Eats rau kev xa khoom noj los ntawm cov khw noj mov mus rau tsev thiab kev lag luam.

Nrhiav kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas muaj neeg coob coob nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm tshaib plab noj, Starship Technologies tsis ntev los no tshaj tawm ib qho kev pabcuam neeg hlau raws li kev xa zaub mov ntawm Missouri State University. Cov zaub mov kub thiab txias yog xa los ntawm lub tsev noj mov mus rau ntau qhov chaw hauv tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm kev xa cov neeg hlau app.

Lub teeb yuag, lub zog txuag thiab ruaj khov-lub xeev qhov ntsuas kub tswj cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov tub yees, khov lossis cov khoom siv cua sov yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kev thauj mus los no rau cov khoom xa tuaj kawg.