Intel's Ponte Vecchio Thiab AMD's Zen 3 Qhia Kev cog lus ntawm Advanced Semiconductor Ntim Technology

Intel thiab AMD tau tham txog qee qhov ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim chips siab tshaj plaws ntawm International Solid State Circuits Conference lub lim tiam no, thiab lawv tau hais txog lub luag haujlwm uas cov ntim ntim tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv lawv cov khoom lag luam siab kawg yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, qhov kev ua tau zoo tshiab muaj peev xwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem modular uas sib txuas cov tsev tsim los ntawm cov fab sib txawv siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv. Nws qhia txog lub peev xwm loj ntawm cov ntim ntim hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm semiconductor innovation.

Intel lub hom phiaj kev lag luam rau Ponte Vecchio yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab los tsim rau hauv cov chaw loj datacenter. Nws yog chav ua haujlwm duab (GPU), thiab yog tsim los rau cov ntawv thov hauv kev txawj ntse, kev kawm tshuab, thiab khoos phis tawj duab. Nws yog lub npe hu ua tom qab lub medieval zeb choj uas txuas lub Piazza della Signoria ntawm ib sab ntawm tus Arno River hauv Florence, Ltalis nrog lub Pallazzo Pitti nyob rau sab nraud. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim yog yuav ua li cas nws txuas ntau cov chiplets tshwj xeeb - kev sib koom ua ke hauv lub tsev thaiv vaj huam sib luag uas tau tsim los ua ke los ua kom tiav cov tshuab.

Ponte Vecchio siv yim "vuas" tsim los ntawm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's (TSMC) cov txheej txheem 5 nm tshaj plaws. Txhua pobzeb muaj yim “X^e” cores, thiab txhua ntawm yim cores nyob rau hauv lem muaj yim vector thiab yim tshwj xeeb matrix cav. Cov vuas yog muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm "cov pobzeb hauv paus," uas txuas lawv mus rau lub cim xeeb thiab lub ntiaj teb sab nraud nrog cov ntaub ntawv loj heev. Cov pobzeb hauv paus no yog tsim los siv lub tuam txhab "Intel 7" txheej txheem, uas yog lub npe tshiab rau lub tuam txhab kev txhim kho 10 nm SuperFin txheej txheem tsim khoom. Kuj tseem muaj lub cim xeeb ua haujlwm siab hu ua "RAMBO," uas sawv cev rau Random Access Memory, Bandwidth Optimized, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov pobzeb hauv paus siv Intel 7 Foveros interconnect technology. Ntau ntau lwm lub tsev thaiv tau koom ua ke thiab.

Ponte Vecchio tsim yog ib qho kev kawm nyob rau hauv heterogeneous kev koom ua ke - sib txuas 63 cov vuas sib txawv (47 uas ua haujlwm suav thiab 16 rau kev tswj xyuas thermal) nrog rau tag nrho ntau dua 100 billion transistors hauv ib pob uas yog 77.5 x 62.5 mm (kwv yees 3 x. 2.5 nti). Nws tsis yog ntev dhau los thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ua lub tsev khaws khoom thiab xav tau nws tus kheej txuas rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob. Cov teeb meem engineering hauv xws li kev tsim muaj ntau ntau:

Txuas txhua qhov chaw. Cov neeg tsim qauv xav tau ib txoj hauv kev los txav cov cim ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chips. Hauv cov hnub qub, qhov no tau ua tiav nrog cov xov hlau lossis cov cim ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Court boards, thiab cov chips tau txuas los ntawm soldering rau cov laug cam. Tab sis qhov ntawd tau khiav tawm ntawm chav ntev dhau los, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov cim thiab qhov nrawm tau nce. Yog tias koj muab txhua yam rau hauv ib lub nti, koj tuaj yeem txuas lawv nrog cov kab hlau nyob hauv qab kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Yog tias koj xav siv ntau lub chips, qhov ntawd txhais tau tias koj xav tau ntau tus pins sib txuas, thiab koj xav kom cov kev sib txuas sib txuas luv luv. Intel siv ob lub thev naus laus zis los txhawb qhov no. Thawj yog nws "embedded multi-die interconnect choj" (EMIB) uas yog ua los ntawm ib tug me me sliver ntawm silicon uas muaj peev xwm muab ntau pua los yog txhiab tus kev sib txuas ntawm ib lub sij hawm, thiab qhov thib ob yog nws Foveros tuag-rau- tuag stacking tshuab ua ntej. siv nyob rau hauv nws Lakefield mobile processor.

Xyuas kom tseeb tias tag nrho cov seem yog synchronized. Thaum koj txuas ntau qhov sib txawv, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov khoom tuaj yeem sib tham hauv synchrony. Qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias faib lub sij hawm teeb liab hu ua lub moos, kom tag nrho cov chips tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv lockstep. Qhov no hloov tawm tsis yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, raws li cov cim qhia yuav ua rau skewed thiab ib puag ncig muaj suab nrov, nrog ntau lub teeb liab bouncing ib ncig. Piv txwv li, txhua lub pobzeb suav nrog ntau dua 7,000 kev sib txuas hauv qhov chaw ntawm 40 square millimeters, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo sib xws.

Tswj cua sov. Cov vuas modular txhua tus xav tau ntau lub zog, thiab xa nws zoo ib yam thoob plaws tag nrho saum npoo thaum tshem tawm cov cua sov uas tsim tawm yog qhov nyuaj heev. Cov chips nco tau raug muab tso rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis cov cua sov uas tsim tawm tau zoo sib xws. Cov txheej txheem chips lossis cov vuas tuaj yeem muaj qhov kub kub nyob ntawm seb lawv siv hnyav npaum li cas, thiab tswj cov cua sov hauv 3D pawg ntawm cov chips tsis yooj yim. Intel tau siv cov txheej txheem metallization rau sab nraub qaum ntawm cov chips, thiab sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los tswj cov phiaj xwm 600 watts uas tsim los ntawm Ponte Vecchio system.

Cov txiaj ntsig thawj zaug uas Intel tau tshaj tawm suav nrog> 45 Teraflops kev ua tau zoo. Lub Aurora supercomputer tau tsim ntawm Argonne National Laboratories yuav siv ntau dua 54,000 Ponte Vecchios nrog rau ntau dua 18,000 cov txheej txheem Xeon tiam tom ntej. Aurora muaj lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm siab tshaj 2 Exaflops, uas yog 1,000 npaug ntau dua li lub tshuab Teraflop. Rov qab rau hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990 thaum kuv nyob hauv kev lag luam supercomputer, ib lub tshuab Teraflop yog $ 100 lab science project.

AMD's Zen 3

AMD tham txog nws Zen 3 tiam thib ob microprocessor core ua rau TSMC's 7 nm txheej txheem. Cov tub ntxhais microprocessor no tau tsim los siv thoob plaws AMD cov khoom lag luam, los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis, cov khoos phis tawj desktop, thiab txhua txoj hauv kev mus rau nws cov servers muaj zog tshaj plaws datacenter. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim no yog ntim nws Zen 3 core nrog kev txhawb nqa ua haujlwm raws li "core complex" ntawm ib lub chiplet, uas tau ua haujlwm raws li lub tsev thaiv ntau npaum li Intel cov vuas. Yog li lawv tuaj yeem ntim yim chiplets ua ke rau kev ua haujlwm siab desktop lossis server, lossis plaub chiplets rau tus nqi system, zoo li lub tsev pheej yig kuv yuav yuav. AMD tseem muab cov chips vertically los ntawm kev siv qhov hu ua dhau-silicon vias (TSVs), ib txoj hauv kev sib txuas ntau cov chips tso rau saum ib leeg. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua ke ob mus rau yim ntawm cov chiplets no nrog cov neeg rau zaub mov tuag ua rau ntawm GlobalFoundries 12 nm txheej txheem los ua nws 3^rd tiam EPYC server chips.

Lub sijhawm zoo uas Ponte Vecchio thiab Zen 3 tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm los sib xyaw thiab sib tw chips ua siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Hauv Intel cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no suav nrog cov khoom tsim ntawm nws tus kheej nrog rau TSMC cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws. AMD tuaj yeem sib txuas cov khoom los ntawm TSMC thiab GlobalFoundries. Qhov loj ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas cov chiplets me me los yog cov vuas ua ke es tsis yog tsuas yog tsim ib lub nti loj yog tias cov me me yuav muaj kev tsim khoom zoo dua qub thiab yog li tsis tshua muaj nqi. Koj tuaj yeem sib xyaw-thiab-muab cov chiplets tshiab nrog cov pov thawj qub uas koj paub tias yog qhov zoo, los yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem qis dua.

AMD thiab Intel tus qauv tsim yog kev tshaj lij tours lub zog. Tsis ntseeg lawv sawv cev rau ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab kev kawm, thiab sawv cev rau kev nqis peev loj ntawm cov peev txheej. Tab sis ib yam li IBM tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv nws qhov system mainframe / 360 hauv xyoo 1960, thiab cov khoos phis tawj ntawm tus kheej tau mus rau hauv xyoo 1980s, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm silicon microsystems ua piv txwv los ntawm ob qho qauv no thiab tau ua los ntawm cov khoom ntim siab heev herald ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tshuab. Pom tau tias muaj ntau lub peev xwm uas tau tshwm sim ntawm no tseem tsis tau ncav cuag ntau qhov kev pib ua haujlwm, tab sis peb tuaj yeem xav txog tias thaum lub tshuab siv tau ntau dua, nws yuav nthuav tawm nthwv dej ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev sib tw tshiab.