Ua ntej lub ntiaj teb pib digitizing, nws tso siab rau cov ntaub ntawv kos npe kom pom zoo, lees paub, thiab tuav cov neeg sib txawv hauv kev lag luam thiab ntau hom kev pom zoo. Kev kos npe digital thiab daim ntawv pov thawj digital los ua ib qho kev hloov tshiab ntawm cov qauv kos npe.
Qhov tseem ceeb sai dua li xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev xa ntawv thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm fax, cov ntawv kos npe digital tau los rau hauv kev pab ntawm ntau lub lag luam.
Digital Signature yog dab tsi?
Daim Ntawv Sau Npe Digital yog ib qho kev txheeb xyuas hluav taws xob ntawm tus neeg xa ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, uas tso cai rau tus neeg txais kev txiav txim siab seb cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau hloov pauv los ntawm tus neeg nruab nrab.
Tus yuam sij ntiag tug thiab tus yuam sij pej xeem yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos npe digital, tsim los ntawm kev mob siab rau tib lub sijhawm. Txawm hais tias lawv raug tsim los ua lej muaj feem cuam tshuam, hauv qhov tsos, lawv yuav txawv.
Kev kos npe digital ua haujlwm peb lub hom phiaj:
- authentication - Tus neeg txais tuaj yeem tsim kev sau cov lus thiab txiav txim siab seb tus neeg xa khoom yog leej twg nws lees tias nws yog.
- Tsis-yog qhov tsis lees paub - Tus neeg xa xov tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias tau xa cov lus tom qab thiab tuaj yeem lav lub luag haujlwm rau cov lus tsis hloov pauv.
- ntseeg - Cov lus tsis raug hloov pauv.
Thiab raws li qhov tseeb, kos npe digital tuav tus nqi raug cai hauv Tebchaws Meskas, European Union, Switzerland, South Africa, Algeria, Qaib ntxhw, Is Nrias teb, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Uruguay, thiab Chile.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Sau Daim Ntawv Sau Npe Digital?
Txhawm rau tsim ib qho kev kos npe digital, koj yuav tsum kos npe rau cov lus nrog koj tus yuam sij ntiag tug.
Tus yuam sij ntiag tug yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev sib npaug no uas tsuas yog koj tuav, thiab los ntawm kev muab nws, koj ua pov thawj tias koj yog tus uas kos npe rau daim ntawv.
Ua ntej, koj hash cov ntawv dawb kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tsis hloov pauv ntawm cov lus koj tab tom yuav xa.
SIDENOTE. Hashing yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua qhov ntev mus rau qhov luv luv-ntev tus nqi.
Qhov nyiam tshaj plaws hashing algorithm hnub no yog SHA256 (Secure Hashing Algorithm). Nco ntsoov tias hashing yog ib txoj hauv kev, thiab kev hloov me me ntawm cov tswv yim hloov pauv tag nrho cov zis.
Tom ntej no, koj encrypt lub hash ntawm cov ntawv dawb nrog koj tus yuam sij ntiag tug, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev kos npe digital.
Koj muab cov ntawv kos npe digital rau hauv daim ntawv dawb thiab xa nws.
los ntawm asymmetric encryption, tus txais yuav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab koj tus lej kos npe digital thiab sib piv cov hash ntawm cov ntawv dawb nrog cov hash koj muab.
Yog li, koj yuav xav li cas koj hash ib daim ntawv. Hmoov zoo, ib qho kev pab cuam hauv koj lub computer yuav ua rau koj.
Nov yog qhov koj tuaj yeem tsim cov hash ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Windows 7/8/10:
- Nkag mus rau "Command Prompt";
- Ntaus hauv "certutil - hashfile"
- Muab cov ntaub ntawv tso rau hauv "Command Prompt."
- Ntxiv "SHA256" tom kawg ntawm kab.
Koj cov kab kawg yuav tsum zoo li no:
certutil -hashfile "C:\User\Computer\Desktop\File.docx" SHA256
Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, lub console yuav tso tawm 256 khoom / 64 hexadecimal cim code uas sawv cev rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv.
Tab sis qhov twg koj tau txais tus yuam sij ntiag tug thiab tus yuam sij pej xeem?
Qhov ntawd yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim lawv los ntawm software, lub platform online, lossis los ntawm Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) sau npe nrog Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj.
SIDENOTE. PKI yog ib hom kev lees paub los tswj hwm pej xeem-key encryption uas muab cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav ua li cas ntxiv kos npe digital nrog tus yuam sij ntiag tug rau ib daim ntawv?
Rau qhov ntawd, koj ib zaug yuav tsum tau siv cov software tshwj xeeb xws li Sign Server, Safe pdf, lossis DocuSign.
Nws pab li cas?
Cia peb ua qhov xwm txheej tsis tseeb ntawm qhov kos npe digital yuav tiv thaiv koj li cas.
Koj digitally kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib tus kws kho mob txawv teb chaws rau kev pabcuam outsourcing.
Tom qab pom zoo rau cov nqe lus thiab tej yam kev mob thiab tus nqi $20/teev, koj hashed daim ntawv thiab kos npe rau nws, ces xa rov qab mus rau tus kws kho mob.
Thiab ntawm no los qhov teeb meem.
Daim ntawv cog lus kos npe yuav tsum tau mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub tuam txhab outsourcing, tab sis tus neeg muag khoom siab hlob hloov tus nqi rau $ 30 / teev kom nws tuaj yeem khwv tau nyiaj ntau dua. Thaum nws txog sijhawm them, koj mam li pom tias tus nqi loj dua qhov koj tau pom zoo rau.
Koj ua pov thawj li cas tias cov ntaub ntawv raug cuam tshuam nrog?
Tus thawj coj tsis paub tab sis txaus siab qhia qhov xwm txheej. Yog li, koj hais kom nws siv pej xeem tus yuam sij los decrypt koj kos npe thiab kos tus hash. Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, nws yuav tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov zis hash thiab txiav txim siab tias daim ntawv cog lus tau hloov pauv.
Thiab txawm tias tus thawj tswj hwm tsis kam koom tes, koj tuaj yeem coj lawv mus rau hauv tsev hais plaub, ua pov thawj tias koj nyob hauv txoj cai, thiab tuav lawv lub luag haujlwm.
Digital Signature hauv Blockchain
Bitcoin's blockchain ua rau siv SHA256 algorithm thiab kos npe digital kom paub tseeb tias qhov hloov tsis tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau hauv blockchain. Kev kos npe digital pab txhawm rau taug qab kev lag luam thiab tiv thaiv kev siv nyiaj ob npaug.
Cov kev hloov pauv yog coj los ua ib qho kev tawm tswv yim thiab tau khiav los ntawm hashing algorithm, tom qab ntawd rov qab los ua qhov tso tawm nrog qhov ntev. Cov ntaub ntawv yog ces ntxiv rau hauv ib qho thaiv. Lub block kuj muaj tus taw qhia hash uas taw qhia rau lub block dhau los.
Lub hash pointer muaj cov hash ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub block dhau los. Ib qho kev hloov kho me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho thaiv yuav coj nrog nws tus kheej ib qho kev hloov pauv loj hauv lub hash. Kev hloov kho tsis yog poob rau tam sim no nkaus xwb tab sis ntawm tag nrho cov blocks dhau los, yog li tshem tawm lawv.
Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Digital yog dab tsi?
Raws li koj twb tau twv, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los ua tus kos npe digital thiab siv nws. Qhov no yog raws nraim qhov nws tsis muaj zog sawv.
Ib tog neeg phem tej zaum yuav sim tsim ib qho kev kos npe digital thiab tus yuam sij rau pej xeem los ua piv txwv rau lwm tus. Yog tias ib tus neeg tau txais cov lus kos npe digitally thiab xaus lus tias cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, tus neeg ntawd yuav raug xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg phem.
Kev kos npe digital ib leeg tsis txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tus neeg xa khoom thiab nws tus yuam sij rau pej xeem, yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev lees paub.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem no tau daws los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj digital. Daim ntawv pov thawj digital yog daim ntawv pov thawj hluav taws xob uas muab los ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Ntawv Pov Thawj.
Cov ntawv pov thawj tso cai sau npe los ntawm PKI tus kheej ntawm tus tswv thiab tseem lees paub tias tus tswv yeej muaj tus yuam sij rau pej xeem.
Daim ntawv pov thawj digital feem ntau muaj tus tswv lub npe, tus yuam sij rau pej xeem, daim ntawv pov thawj txoj cai, thiab kos npe digital. Txoj kev no, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tau txais daim ntawv kos npe digital los ntawm ib tog neeg phem raug txo kom tsawg.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsim Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Digital?
Feem ntau muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim daim ntawv pov thawj digital:
- Koj tsim daim ntawv pov thawj tus kheej kos npe.
- Koj thov nws los ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Ntawv Pov Thawj (CA).
1. Daim ntawv pov thawj tus kheej kos npe
Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev los tsim daim ntawv pov thawj tus kheej, tab sis kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem, peb yuav xa mus rau tus kheej daim ntawv pov thawj X509. Koj tuaj yeem tsim nws tag nrho los ntawm koj tus kheej hauv OpenSSL.
Tsuas yog qhib qhov kev hais kom ua thiab ntaus hauv 'openssl.'
Tom ntej no, ntaus hauv 'OpenSSL req -x509 -days 365 -newkey rsa: 2048 -keyout my-key.pem -out my-cert.pem'.
Thiab thaum rau qee tus ntawm koj, qhov no yuav zoo li gibberish, cia saib tag nrho qhov ntawd txhais li cas:
- 'Req' txhais tau hais tias nws yog daim ntawv thov daim ntawv pov thawj;
- 'x509' xaiv hom ntawv pov thawj;
- '365' qhia cov hnub nws yuav siv tau;
- 'newkey' txhais tau tias nws yuav yog daim ntawv pov thawj tshiab;
- 'Keyout' yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tuaj yeem tsim tus yuam sij ntiag tug thiab ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus kheej.
Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam dhau-kauj ruam no.
Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv pov thawj tus kheej kos npe digital tsuas yog muab encryption tab sis tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab. Xws li daim ntawv pov thawj yog lub hom phiaj yooj yim rau hackers. Lawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab ua txuj ua tus 'tso' thiab pib phishing rau cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej.
Raws li qhov tseeb, cov vev xaib uas siv daim ntawv pov thawj SSL tus kheej tau cim tias 'tsis ntseeg' los ntawm internet browsers.
2. CA muab daim ntawv pov thawj
Daim ntawv pov thawj digital uas tau lees paub los ntawm txoj cai lees paub yog txoj kev ntseeg siab dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Nws kuj yooj yim dua kom tau, tab sis nws yuav txhais tau tias tus nqi.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj feem ntau yuav tsum tau them tus nqi rau kev tshaj tawm daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab koj tuaj yeem thov tsuas yog lawv daim ntawv pov thawj lossis thov kom lawv tswj tag nrho PKI.
Yog tias koj xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj lawv hauv xov tooj lossis email. Lawv yuav txheeb xyuas koj tus kheej, tom qab ntawd muab ib daim ntawv pov thawj rau koj uas yuav tsum muaj tus yuam sij rau pej xeem, daim ntawv pov thawj txoj cai, thiab tus neeg siv daim ntawv txheeb xyuas.
Dhau li ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj digital, koj tuaj yeem nug qee lub tuam txhab los tswj txhua yam ntawm PKI, nkag mus rau tokens, thiab ntau qhov kev lees paub rau cov neeg siv, khoom siv, thiab tshuab.
Nyob rau hauv lub vev xaib rooj plaub, daim ntawv pov thawj kos npe thov tuaj raws li cov lus txib nrog lub webserver.
Ntsiab Cai
- Daim Ntawv Sau Npe Digital yog kev txheeb xyuas hluav taws xob ntawm tus neeg xa khoom. Nws tso siab rau asymmetric encryption thiab siv tus yuam sij ntiag tug los encrypt cov lus thiab tus yuam sij rau pej xeem kom decrypt nws.
- Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus yog hashed kom muaj kev ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, tus hash yog ib txoj hauv kev thiab siv los lees paub tias cov ntsiab lus tsis raug hloov pauv.
- Cov lus tau txais yog decrypted nrog rau pej xeem tus yuam sij, thiab cov ntsiab lus hash yuav tsum phim tus nqi hash muab los ntawm tus xa. Txwv tsis pub, tus txais yuav muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias cov ntsiab lus tau hloov pauv.
- Ib qho kev kos npe digital ib leeg tsis muaj kev lees paub. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj digital uas tau muab los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj.
* Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no thiab cov kev sib txuas tau muab yog rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav nkaus xwb thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog cov lus qhia txog nyiaj txiag lossis kev nqis peev. Peb qhia koj kom ua koj tus kheej kev tshawb fawb lossis sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij ua ntej txiav txim siab txog nyiaj txiag. Thov lees paub tias peb tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau ib qho kev poob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv lub vev xaib no.
Tau qhov twg los: https://coindoo.com/digital-signature/