Puas yog Tuam Tshoj tsoo Quantum Barrier?

Qhov kev npau suav phem kawg rau cov kws tshaj lij cybersecurity yog ib tus neeg siv quantum los tsim cov lej loj uas cuam tshuam peb cov txheej txheem encryption uas twb muaj lawm, los ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab kev lag luam nyiaj txiag kom ruaj ntseg nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb.

Tsis zoo li cov cuab yeej hacks, xws li kev tawm tsam yuav yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom, thaum tawg ib qho encryption system tseem ceeb txhais tau tias tawg lawv txhua lub sijhawm.

Nws txhais tau hais tias sawv mus rau lub ntiaj teb uas txhua qhov zais cia thiab txhua cov ntaub ntawv rhiab me ntsis, dag rau Asmeskas cov yeeb ncuab tua neeg.

Qhov ntawd yog qhov xwm txheej uas ua rau tsoomfwv txoj kev siv zog hauv 2022 kom tau txais txhua lub koomhaum tseemfwv qibsiab los txhim kho lub sijhawm raws li lub sijhawm lawv yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb quantum. Meanwhile, ntawm QAIQAI
peb tau koom tes nrog Oxford Economics los tshaj tawm ob daim ntawv qhia txog nyiaj txiag ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj xws li kev tawm tsam yuav ua rau lub teb chaws fais fab tuag; rau lub lag luam cryptocurrency; thiab tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov

Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Reserve.

Cov lus nug ceev tau yog, yuav ua li cas sai sai quantum computers yuav muaj peev xwm ntawm xws li kev tawm tsam - raws li lub jargon muaj nws, thaum twg "cryptographically cuam tshuam quantum computer" yuav muaj tseeb. Vim tias muaj kev sib tw loj hauv engineering ntawm kev sib txuas txaus "kev sib txuas," piv txwv li kev ua haujlwm ib txhij, quantum khoom los ua qhov hnyav factorization nqa, cov neeg tsis ntseeg hais tias qhov xwm txheej zoo li no nyob deb ntawm yav tom ntej, yog tias puas tau.

Tam sim no cov kws tshawb fawb suav hais tias lawv tau tshem txoj hauv kev mus rau yav tom ntej. Hom ntawm.

Hauv ib daim ntawv tshiab, Suav cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias lawv tau tsim cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem tawg cov txiv ntoo nyuaj encryption, piv txwv li 2048-ntsis RSA, siv 372-qubit quantum computer. Lawv cov algorithm mus dhau qhov uas tau sau los ntawm Peter Shor hauv 1990's uas yog lub hauv paus theoretical ntawm quantum xam lub peev xwm decryption, los ntawm kev siv tseem lwm cov algorithm tsim los ntawm German mathematician Claus-Peter Schnorr, uas nyob rau hauv 2022 tau tshaj tawm tias nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj ntau tus lej ntxiv. ua tau zoo tshaj Shor's algorithm - yog li ua tau zoo koj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem RSA code txawm tias muaj lub khoos phis tawj classic.

Cov Suav hais tias lawv tau ua pov thawj tias nws muaj peev xwm decrypt 2048-ntsis RSA, los ntawm kev siv lub khoos phis tawj classic nrog tsuas yog 10 qub qubits. Qhov ntawd tsis txhais hais tias feat muab qhov tseeb tias lwm tus kws tshaj lij tau hais cracking 2048 RSA tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog tsawg dua 20 lab qubits, yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua tiav.

Pab pawg Suav hais kom lawv tawg 48-ntsis RSA siv 10-qubit quantum computer-based hybrid system, thiab tuaj yeem ua tib yam rau 2048-ntsis yog tias lawv nkag mus rau quantum computer nrog tsawg kawg 372 qubits. Qhov ntawd yog yuav luag txog ntawm niaj hnub quantum computers. Piv txwv li, IBM'sIBM
tshaj tawm tshiab Osprey boasts 433 qubits.

Yog tias cov lus thov no muaj tseeb, tom qab ntawd lub koos pij tawj tawg quantum tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse. Tab sis daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg ntau, qee tus txawm tias nws yog dag.

Cov neeg thuam raug tsis ntseeg tias cov txheej txheem piav qhia los ntawm Schnorr's algorithm yog qhov ntsuas tau tiag tiag, raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais. Pab pawg Suav txawm lees tias "quantum ceev-up ntawm lub algorithm tsis meej vim qhov tsis meej pem convergence ntawm QAOA", uas yog lub quantum subroutine siv los daws cov prime zauv puzzle thiab tawg RSA. Qhov no qhia tias lawv tsis paub yog tias lawv cov algorithm yuav ua haujlwm thaum nws tau sim nrog ntau tus qubits hauv lub computer tiag.

Nws yog me ntsis zoo li ib tug neeg hais tias nws tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tsaws lub dav hlau ntawm lub hli vim tias nws tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws hauv nws lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev uas dhia lub laj kab mus rau hauv nws cov neeg nyob ze lub vaj.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tau txiav txim siab qhov kev ncua deb, tab sis nws muaj cov cuab yeej zoo hauv tes.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab, yam uas Suav tau ua yog taw qhia tseem ceeb. Kev nkag mus tob rau hauv daim ntawv, peb pom tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem hybrid, piv txwv li ib qho uas sib xyaw ua ke classical thiab quantum ntsiab rau nws cov kev suav. Xws li ib tug system tau siv ua ntej nyob rau hauv Suav quantum code-breaking kev tshawb fawb, uas kuv profiled nyob rau hauv ib kab ua ntej.

Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsis tas yuav muaj monolithic, loj-scale quantum computer los ua decryption-theoretically yuam kev-dawb quantum tshuab uas tej zaum yuav npaj txhij los ntawm 2040. Nrog hybrid cov cuab yeej, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm niaj hnub no qhov yuam kev-nrhiav "nrov" quantum computers.

Tias yog vim li cas Biden cov thawj coj tau muaj cai los tshaj tawm cov thawj coj zoo li National Security Memorandum 10 txhawm rau thawb cov koom haum kom txais cov qauv kev nyab xeeb quantum sai dua tom qab, thaum Congress tau dhau qhov Quantum Cybersecurity Preparedness Act, thawj zaug txhawb nqa los ntawm California Congressman Ro Khanna. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tsoomfwv yuav tsum ua kom nws cov kev siv zog hauv kev sib tw rau quantum decryption, tsis yog los ntawm quantum nkaus xwb tab sis kuj los ntawm txoj kev hybrid.

Lub caij no, cov tuam txhab ntiag tug thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua kom lawv tus kheej siv cov kev daws teeb meem quantum-kev nyab xeeb, rau yav tom ntej ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab tes hauj lwm.

Vim tias ncua sij hawm rau Q-Hnub tau luv me ntsis txhua lub sijhawm.