Cyber ​​​​threats Beyond Earth: Securing In-Space Manufacturing

Peb lub neej ntiaj teb no muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw raws li technologies. Peb feem coob paub tias qhov chaw nyob, huab cua thiab kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb heev rau peb cov dej num thauj mus los. Kuv tabtom sau tsab xov xwm no rau ntawm lub dav hlau uas siv GPS los taug kuv lub davhlau kom nyab xeeb nyob ib puag ncig huab cua hnyav uas tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm satellites. Yog tias kuv ua tiav tsab xov xwm no inflight, Kuv mam li muab nws tso rau hauv Forbes ntawm kev sib txuas lus geosynchronous satellite.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg yuav xav tsis thoob thaum kawm tias niaj hnub no factories kuj nyob ntawm satellites. Manufacturing automation systems synchronize kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ntau robots ntawm lawv cov kab ntau lawm siv lub sij hawm teeb liab muab los ntawm Satellites GPS. Qhov tseeb, GPS yog ib qho kev sau ntawm 24 (ntxiv rau cov khoom seem) orbiting atomic moos, txhua zaus tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv sijhawm. Koj lub Uber tau coj los ntawm qhov sib txawv me me hauv lub sijhawm teeb liab tawm ntawm plaub lossis ntau dua satellites, vim yog lub teeb liab qeeb rau koj qhov chaw txheeb ze. Paub qhov ceev-ntawm-lub teeb (299,792,458 m / s) koj lub xov tooj suav cov kev ncua deb thiab nrhiav koj txoj hauj lwm nrog trigonometry yooj yim ... yooj yim rau lub smartphone txawm li cas los xij.

Niaj hnub nimno automated manufacturing kab tsis yog tsuas yog exquisitely timed, lawv kuj muaj interconnected, remotely programable, saib xyuas, thiab tswj. Yog li ntawd, cyber domain yog qhov tseem ceeb zuj zus hem-qhov chaw rau manufacturers. Khoos phis tawj tsim chaw nres tsheb thiab cov servers yog lub hom phiaj pom tseeb rau cov neeg nyiag nkas tab sis txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam digitalized tsim cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv programmable tshuab cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem qhia ntau txog cov khoom uas lawv tau tsim. Kev poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej kev txawj ntse ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab lawv cov neeg siv khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub aerospace domain muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom uas raug muab faib los yog poob mus rau hauv lub dav qeb ntawm Tswj Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tsis Muaj Cai (CUI) thiab nquag nrhiav los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txawv teb chaws. Kev ruaj ntseg kev lag luam robots, waterjet cutters thiab 3D tshuab luam ntawv los ntawm lub xeev-sponsored cyber-intruders yog ib txoj hauj lwm nyuaj rau lub Hoobkas IT departments. Kev ruaj ntseg cov programming thiab cov ntaub ntawv seem rau cov tshuab no thaum lawv kis tau tus mob yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb sib npaug uas feem ntau tau overlooked.

Qhov yooj yim yog tiag. Ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo dhau los tus kab mob Windows computer, hu ua Stuxnet, tau tsim kho kom pom cov khoos phis tawj txuas nrog Siemens S7 programmable logic control systems, ib qho kev tsim tshuab ntau lawm. Yog tias tus maub los tau tshwm sim los ua haujlwm ntawm uranium enrichment centrifuge, cov ntaub ntawv tau raug xa mus thiab cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tau mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Stuxnet cuam tshuam Iran tsim cov khoom siv nuclear. Thaum Stuxnet tau pom dav dav tias yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas-Israeli kev siv zog, peb yuav tsum xav tias peb cov yeeb ncuab tau nquag siv cov cyberweapons zoo sib xws.

Rov qab mus rau qhov chaw, cia peb xav txog cybersecurity cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov neeg hlau ntawm-orbit. Yog lawm, chaw ua haujlwm raws chaw yog ib tug tiag tiag, emerging domain. Lub microgravity ib puag ncig tso cai rau kev tsim cov khoom peb tsis tuaj yeem ua hauv ntiaj teb. Cov no suav nrog cov crystals zoo kawg nkaus, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntshiab ntshiab, cov tshuaj hloov pauv, thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv bio-printed. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom no, xws li ultra-high-kev ua tau zoo fiberoptic cable, xa cov nqi txaus uas ua rau lawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw - txawm nyob rau hnub no tus nqi davhlau kuj tseem - cog lus tias yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

NASA lees paub chaw tsim khoom raws li ib qho tseem ceeb technology uas yuav pab tau lub koom haum nws tus kheej missions. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua lag luam sector, nrog rau qhov chaw tourism, nyob rau hauv lub ze-lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug chaw ua lag luam. Tsis ntev los no kuv ua tus saib xyuas cov qauv kev lag luam rau Johnson Space Center's Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom siv (InSPA) qhov kev pab cuam. Raws li InSPA, NASA muab nqi zog yim pab pawg tsim khoom muaj lub sijhawm los ya lawv txoj haujlwm tsim khoom mus rau qhov chaw. NASA thiab ISS National Laboratory yuav muab cov kev tsim khoom lag luam no nrog rau qhov chaw khib thiab lub sijhawm xav tau rau cov neeg caij nkoj uas xav tau rau lawv qhov kev xeem. Cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tseem yuav tau txais kev thauj mus los qis uas yuav tsum tau xa rov qab lawv cov khoom tsim tawm rau lub ntiaj teb. Lub hom phiaj yog los muab cov tuam txhab Asmeskas cov tuam txhab tuav pov hwm hauv qhov chaw thaum peb tos kev lag luam ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Lub Ntiaj Teb (LEO).

Ntau lub tuam txhab npaj yuav xa mus kev lag luam orbital chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Lawv cov qauv nyiaj tau los feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom siv tau. Raws li koj xav, lub sij hawm astronaut yog kim. NASA hais txog $ 700,000 toj ib teev. Txawm hais tias kev lag luam kev lag luam yuav txo qis los ntawm LOT, automating chaw tsim khoom yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tsis yog kev xaiv.

Qhov kawg daim ntawv thov rau off-planet manufacturing yog muab kev pab tus kheej kom tsim nyog rau cov chaw hauv chaw. Thaum twg thiab cuab yeej tawg ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, nws yog qhov ua tau zoo dua los luam tawm cov hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no txo ​​cov nqi, tshem tawm cov tsheb thauj mus los qeeb, thiab ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Cov khoom ua tsis tau zoo tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv 3D tshuab luam ntawv filaments tshiab thiab luam tawm dua, ntxiv kom txo qis kev vam khom ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv raw. Cov Redwire Regolith qhov project tau ua cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv 3D luam tawm nrog regolith, inorganic "plam" los ntawm lunar lossis Martian nto. Ntsig Chaw Rau, uas nws 3D luam tawm Terran foob pob ua ntxaij yog npaj rau kev tso tawm ntawm Cape Canaveral, npaj ib hnub los luam tag nrho cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub hli ntawm Mars, siv cov khoom siv hauv zos. Lub zog loj ntawm automated hauv-qhov chaw tsim khoom yog lub peev xwm xa cov qauv tsim thiab hloov tshiab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb es tsis yog cov khoom siv. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj txog cybersecurity.

Kev ruaj ntseg hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus yog qhov tseem ceeb vim qhov chaw nruab nrab tau raug pov thawj lub hom phiaj rau kev tawm tsam cyber. Ib teev ua ntej nws invaded Ukraine, Russia launched ib chaw cyber-attack ntawm Viasat's KA-SAT network, tshem tawm cov neeg siv hauv Ukraine thiab lwm qhov hauv Tebchaws Europe. Kev nthuav dav dav dav ntawm cov me me satellites tam sim no raug xa mus rau hauv lub orbit yuav muab qhov chaw nres tshiab rau cov yeeb ncuab xeev thiab cov neeg tsis yog lub xeev ib yam nkaus.

Xyoo tas los, kuv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ua tus kws tshuaj xyuas sab nraud rau DPhil viva (PhD dissertation) ntawm James Pavur, Rhodes Scholar kawm computer science ntawm Oxford. Dr. Pavur txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw cybersecurity tau qhia tias qhov chaw sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev cuam tshuam. Satellite kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov bandwidth tsawg thiab yog plagued los ntawm latency, qeeb vim los ntawm xov tooj cua signals traversing qhov chaw-loj deb, txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua rau cov thev naus laus zis kev nyab xeeb ib txwm muaj, zoo li VPN's, ua tsis tau zoo thiab ntau qhov chaw comms tsuas yog tsis tau nkag mus. Dr. Pavur thiab lwm tus tau qhia tias nws tseem tuaj yeem tso cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau hauv kev sib txuas lus rau cov laj thawj uas tsis zoo. Xws li kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam puas lossis kev tsim khoom nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub tsheb hauv qhov chaw lossis chaw nyob thiab tso cov neeg caij tsheb hauv kev ua phem. Muab qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tshuab niaj hnub no, kev puas tsuaj cuam tshuam rau hauv ib qho khoom vaj khoom tsev yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev poob nyiaj txiag hnyav rau cov tuam txhab thiab cov tib neeg tsis paub txog lawv qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo.

Cov kev daws teeb meem tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv kuv lub luag hauj lwm raws li ib tug mus ntsib professor nyob rau hauv lub Lub koom haum rau Security Science thiab Technology (ISST) ntawm Imperial College London, kuv tau ntsib nrog UK-based startup hais txog qhov teeb meem no. DEFEND 3D tau tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg Streaming Transfer Protocol uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg digital rov muab cov ntaub ntawv ib feem mus rau cov chaw nyob deb tsis tas yuav tsum tau hloov cov ntaub ntawv, tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev xa tawm tag nrho 2D lossis 3D khoom vaj khoom tsev. Qhov no ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov kwj tsis tu ncua, dynamic mus rau ntau yam kev tsim khoom siv nrog bandwidths tsawg li 3kbps. Qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem muab lub hauv paus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg chaw tsim khoom hauv thaj chaw ntxiv rau thaj av, thiab yuav tso cai rau kev tsim qauv sai sai, rov ua dua, thiab sim ntawm ISS, chaw nres tsheb lag luam yav tom ntej, thiab lub hnub ci.

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv qhov chaw yog qhov ci ntsa iab, tab sis kev ceev faj yog hu rau. Peb yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg cybersecurity rau hauv-qhov chaw tsim khoom txij thaum pib, ua ntej peb raug kev txom nyem "hnub phem," tsis yog qhov tshwm sim rau ib qho.