CBLDF Blasts School Censorship Of Award-Winning Graphic Novel

Nyuam qhuav pib lub lim tiam no, Tennessee lub tsev kawm ntawv pawg thawj coj tau txiav txim siab tshem tawm Mauser, Holocaust-themed nraaj tshiab, los ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv kawm qib yim-qib txuj ci, ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev censorship ntawm comics thiab lwm yam khoom siv rau cov hluas thiab cov hluas. Mauser, los ntawm Art Spiegelman, kos rau ntawm nws tsev neeg txoj kev paub dhau los ntawm Nazi concentration camp. Nws yog thawj daim duab tshiab los yeej qhov khoom plig Pulitzer (hauv xyoo 1992) thiab yog ib qho piv txwv uas nquag tshaj tawm los ua cov ntaub ntawv uas cov comics nruab nrab muaj peev xwm hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev sophisticated.

Cov tub ceev xwm Tennessee tau hais tias lawv txwv tsis pub siv ob peb lo lus suav nrog "damn," thiab kev piav qhia ntawm liab qab nyob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb somber nyob rau hauv phau ntawv, txawm hais tias ob peb tau hais tias tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia txog Holocaust ib se. Tab sis los ntawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thoob plaws ib puag ncig kev qhia keeb kwm hauv Asmeskas cov tsev kawm ntawv, pawg thawj coj txiav txim siab, uas los ua pej xeem paub hnub ua ntej Holocaust Remembrance Day, tsa ntau yam teeb meem.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Holocaust tau tshaj tawm ib tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Twitter, hais tias "Mauser tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev qhia txog Holocaust los ntawm kev sib qhia cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab tus kheej ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab cov neeg muaj sia nyob. Qhia txog Holocaust siv phau ntawv zoo li Mauser tuaj yeem txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm kom xav txog yav dhau los thiab lawv tus kheej lub luag haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm niaj hnub no. " Tau kawg, kev tiv thaiv qhov kawg me ntsis tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pawg neeg saib xyuas hauv xyoo tas los no, los ntawm Virginia mus rau Texas thiab dhau mus.

Kuv muaj sijhawm los tham nrog Jeff Trexler, tus thawj coj ntawm Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, hais txog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. CBLDF tau tiv thaiv cov neeg tsim duab comics, tshaj tawm thiab cov khw muag khoom tawm tsam qhov kev censorship no txij li xyoo 1986. Peb qhov kev sib tham tau raug kho kom ntev thiab meej.

Rob Salkowitz, Forbes Pab Txhawb: CBLDF puas tau hu xovtooj txog qhov xwm txheej hauv Tennessee?

Jeff Trexler, Tus Thawj Coj Thawj Coj, Comic Book Legal Defense Fund: Peb tab tom ncav tes. Feem ntau, tib neeg coj peb thaum cov lus pom zoo no los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, tab sis qhov no Pawg Thawj Coj tau txiav txim siab thiab tshaj tawm tias nws ua tiav. Lawv tsis txawm ua raws li lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Yog li peb tau sib tham sab hauv yuav ua li cas kom muaj kev koom tes zoo tshaj plaws.

RS: Cov kev cai lij choj twg uas muaj rau cov niam txiv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, lossis qhov no puas yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv kev nom kev tswv?

JT: Cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj nyob ib puag ncig kev tshem tawm phau ntawv yog me ntsis fuzzy, vim tias Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab tsis tau txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem hauv nruab nrab. Yeej, yog tias nws yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev tshem tawm phau ntawv los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, kev tiv thaiv ntawm Thawj Kev Hloov Kho siv tau. Tab sis yog tias nws tau coj nws tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm, zoo li qhov no, cov tsev hais plaub feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub xeev thiab cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos. Tias yog vim li cas peb thiaj li pom ntau qhov xwm txheej no nyob ib puag ncig kev tawm tsam CRT [Critical Haiv Neeg Txoj Cai] cov cai los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm, qhov twg txoj cai tsis raug txiav txim.

RS: Kom cov hom kev tawm tsam no tau raug tsa ua ntej hauv rooj plaub ntawm Mauser?

JT: Mauser tau muaj ntau yam kev cov nyom: depiction ntawm ntau pab pawg, lus cog lus, kev nruj kev tsiv, qee zaus nudity, txawm tias cov nudity nyob rau hauv phau ntawv yog qhov liab qab ntawm dehumanization, uas yog qhov opposite ntawm erotic nudity. Dab tsi intrigued kuv txog qhov no yog lawv txoj kev cai lij choj rau cov lus phem. Lawv sib cav hais tias cov lus yuav raug txwv yog ib tug menyuam yaus siv nws hauv tsev kawm ntawv, yog li peb muab tsis tau rau lawv cov phau ntawv uas siv hom lus no. Tab sis pom tseeb, pom ib lo lus hais los ntawm cov cim hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv phau ntawv yog txawv dua li tus menyuam yaus hais tawm nws tus kws qhia.

Ib qho kev tsis txaus siab tshaj plaws uas tau tsa ntawm no yog ib tus neeg yws yws tias Art Spiegelman kos rau Playboy thiab lawv tsis xav tau qhov ntawd rau cov menyuam. Kuv txhais tau tias… Kuv twv tias tshem tawm kab lis kev cai txhais tau tias ntau yam sib txawv rau cov neeg sib txawv, tab sis qhov ntawd yog classic stigmatization. Raws li kev ua haujlwm nws tau ua ntawm ib qho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, nws qhov khoom plig tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj tshiab yuav tsum raug cais tawm. Qhov no puas yog qhov peb xav qhia peb cov menyuam? Nws yog ib qho kev ua phem heev, tsis zoo thiab tawm tsam Asmeskas los saib cov phau ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv kawm, thiab lub neej.

RS: Koj hais li cas rau cov tub ceev xwm uas lees tias lawv tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov ntsiab lus thematic ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis tawm tsam cov lus tshwj xeeb thiab cov duab uas lawv ntseeg tias tsis tsim nyog rau cov menyuam yaus?

JT: Qhov peb tau pom hauv qhov kev sib tw no yog kev tawm tsam rau kev siv comics arts hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Ib qho yog qhov kev xav tias comics yog subliterate. Lawv misread ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv Mauser xav tias nws yog rau qib peb qib kev nyeem ntawv, uas nws tsis meej.

Tab sis feem ntau, muaj kev hu kom coj cov duab nraaj tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm vim tias tib neeg ntshai lub zog uas lawv pom hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lus thiab cov duab. Lawv pom cov duab tshwj xeeb yog qhov txaus ntshai, thiab thaum koj siv "cov lus phem" ua ke nrog cov duab, nws yog qhov tsis txaus siab rau lawv ntau dua li pom nws hauv cov ntawv luam. Peb tab tom pom tias hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm no. Thaum lawv tham lus phem, kev nruj kev tsiv, nudity hauv Maus, lawv tsis yog hais tias nws muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Lawv pom tias yog txhawb kev xav tua tus kheej, kev ua phem. Lawv pom kev sawv cev ua nws tiag. Nws yog ib qho kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov comics tiag tiag ua haujlwm li cas. Nws yog pre-21^st xyoo pua txoj kev nyeem cov duab, thiab nws tsis pab leej twg. Yog tias cov menyuam kawm tsis tau paub txog kev sib txuas lus ntawm qhov muag, lawv yuav raug tso tseg.

RS: Yog qhov no txav tawm tsam Mauser ib feem ntawm tus qauv tsis ntev los no? Feem ntau, koj lub koom haum tau soj ntsuam dab tsi txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev censorship nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los?

JT:  Yog lawm, nws yog ib qho kev nce toj. Peb pib tau txais rumblings ntawm tej yam uas tab tom tawm hauv Virginia, thiab thaum Youngkin yeej los ntawm kev ua qhov teeb meem tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev kawm hauv zos, nws tau pom tseeb tias peb yuav cuam tshuam nrog nthwv dej ntawm qhov no hauv 22, 24, 26. Nws yog qhov teeb meem siv tau uas hla cov pej xeem thiab kev xav, suav nrog rau sab laug.

RS: Yog hais tias lawv tuaj tom qab ib phau ntawv ntawm stature thiab keeb kwm lub koob npe nrov ntawm Mauser, puas muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm?

JT: Tsis yog. Tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj, vim tias txhua qhov kev sib cav uas koj tab tom tawm tsam Mauser yuav raug tsa tawm tsam tej hauj lwm uas yog canonical nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev. Ntau ntawm "classics" muaj tib yam kev tawm tsam uas tuaj yeem raug tsa. Nws yog lub sijhawm pincher, vim tias ob tog paub txog comics sawv cev rau tus qauv rau kev nyeem ntawv hauv 21^st xyoo pua, thiab ib yam li peb xav tau lawv tshaj plaws, muaj cov neeg tuaj rau lawv los ntawm thoob plaws lub tswv yim spectrum.

RS: Cov niam txiv thiab cov pej xeem tuaj yeem ua dab tsi los tiv thaiv qhov kev censorship los tuav hauv lawv cov zej zog?

JT: Nws yuav siv sij hawm ua siab loj heev. Cov neeg yuav tsum tau hais tawm. Tsis yog tom tsev kawm ntawv cov rooj sib tham, tab sis ua ntej ntawd. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhia cov khoom, sib txuas lus ntau npaum li cas lawv muaj nuj nqis rau cov khoom no thiab vim li cas. Cov tub ceev xwm xav tias yog lawv tau txais ib qho kev tsis txaus siab, muaj ntau lab tus ntxiv thiab yog li lawv ua. Peb yuav tsum ua kom pom qhov tseeb ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes los ntawm kev mus. Tam sim no, peb cov uas tiv thaiv cov khoom raug ua kom txaj muag. Lawv xav thuam nws, ua rau tib neeg ntshai muab qhov no tso rau ntawm lub txee lossis hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Kuv xav tias nws yuav tsum yog lwm txoj hauv kev. Peb yuav tsum ua kom tib neeg txaj muag los tsa cov kev tawm tsam no, vim nws tsis yog peb yog leej twg. Qhov no tsis yog lub teb chaws no sawv rau. Koom nrog, koom nrog, pab tib neeg kom nkag siab. Qhov ntawd yog ib yam uas peb tuaj yeem ua ua ntej kev sib cav pib.