Lub cev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tab tom taug qab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis pom ntawm lub tsheb muaj kuab paug uas tau txuas nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm coho salmon nyob rau hauv Pacific Northwest thiab hem lwm hom ntses.
Tnws tus dej atmospheric uas ua rau ib txoj hlua ntawm cov dej nag hnyav hauv California lub hli no coj cov dej xav tau ntau rau lub xeev Golden. Tab sis cov billions ntawm cov nkas loos los nag kuj tau cheb ib daim ntawv ntawm cov pa phem tawm ntawm txoj kev mus rau hauv kwj dej, dej ntws thiab dej hiav txwv Pacific uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv rau cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tswj xyuas: cov hmoov av hmoov av tsim los ntawm lub tsheb log tsheb.
Lub cev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem microplastic, cov tshuaj 6PPD, ib qho tshuaj ntxiv uas tau siv los ua kom cov log tsheb tsis txhob hnav, ua rau cov ozone nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg tshiab hu ua 6PPD-Quinone. . Nws tua coho salmon thiab tej zaum yuav ua mob rau lwm hom ntses, uas pom cov tsos mob zoo li ua tsis taus pa. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm coho, uas US xaiv los ua ib qho nyob rau ntawm thaj tsam hom, tau mus txog theem kev kub ntxhov. Hauv California lub Central Coast, kev kwv yees hais tias cov ntses twb ze rau kev ploj tuag, nrog rau nws cov pejxeem plunging los ntawm siab li 500,000 ntses nyob rau hauv 1940s mus rau ob peb txhiab tam sim no. Txawm hais tias feem ntau muaj ntau dua hauv xeev Washington, cov pej xeem ntawm cov tsiaj qus coho salmon tau kwv yees tias tau poob mus rau thaj tsam 200,000, ib feem peb ntawm qib 2021, raws li Puget Sound Institute. Thiab thaum cov tuam txhab log tsheb hais tias lawv tab tom ua raws li qhov teeb meem ze, lawv tsis paub thaum twg lossis yog tias lawv yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb rau 6PPD. Lawv tau siv ntau xyoo lawm.
"Qhov no yog DDT ntawm peb tiam"
"Qhov no yog DDT ntawm peb tiam," David Troutt, tus thawj coj ntawm natural resources rau Nisqually Tribe hauv Washington, hais rau Forbes. "Qhov no yog tua ntses salmon txhua zaus nws los nag hauv thaj av Puget Sound. Peb tsis tuaj yeem nqa nws ntxiv lawm. "
Rau ib nrab xyoo pua, cov kev cai emissions tau yuam cov tsheb thauj mus los lim cov pa paug uas tsim thaum lub cav hlawv roj av thiab roj av vim nws tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Tam sim no kev hloov mus rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom, ntxiv rau kev txwv kev nyab xeeb-ua kom sov cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cog lus tias yuav muaj ib hnub tshem tawm cov tailpipe tso tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev cai rau cov hmoov av uas tsim los ntawm ntau lab thiab ntau lab lub log tsheb ntawm lub tsheb thoob ntiaj teb uas ntws mus rau hauv huab cua thiab dej.
6PPD, cov khoom khaws cia hauv cov log tsheb, ua kom lawv tsis txhob tawg sai heev tab sis ua rau cov ozone thiab hloov mus rau ntau yam tshuaj, suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tshawb nrhiav pom yog lub luag haujlwm tua coho salmon.
Mark Stone/University of Washington
Nick Molden, CEO thiab tus tsim ntawm Emissions Analytics, lub tuam txhab kev tshawb fawb tsheb ywj pheej nyob hauv Oxford, England hais tias "Qhov kev kwv yees zaum kawg ntawm tag nrho cov log tsheb plua plav tsim txhua xyoo thoob ntiaj teb yog 6 lab tons." Cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm tag nrho cov plua plav tseem tab tom tshawb fawb, tab sis "paub tias nws yog ua los ntawm (roj), uas muaj ntau ntawm nws ntuj raug txim, thiab peb paub ntau yam tshuaj hauv nws, peb paub tias nws tsis zoo. . Yog vim li cas peb txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb. "
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov plua plav log tsheb hauv hiav txwv lub neej hauv San Francisco Bay twb yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws rau cov kws kho tsiaj, hais Rebecca Sutton, tus kws tshawb fawb laus nrog San Francisco Estuary Institute. "Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm microplastic pollution thiab cov khoom xyaw tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws, ib co ntawm cov tshuaj lom," nws hais ntxiv, nws yog lub saum toj kawg nkaus qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem nyob rau hauv lub Bay Area.
Kev nce sai ntawm cov roj av-raws li microplastic fouling ntiaj teb cov dej hiav txwv, dej ntws thiab US cov pas dej loj yog thaj tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhawj xeeb, tab sis nws cov teebmeem tseem tsis tau nkag siab zoo. Ib daim ntawv pov tseg no, polyethylene microbeads siv rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntxuav cov khoom thiab tshuaj txhuam hniav, raug txwv nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas nrog txoj cai lij choj los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Barack Obama xyoo 2015. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov yas me me, me dua 5 millimeters, tau ntev tau nqus los ntawm cov ntses thiab dej hiav txwv, tab sis. kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab pom lawv tig mus rau hauv peb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
“Thaum kawg”
Qhov qhib salvo nyob rau hauv lub log tsheb sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm lub xyoo no nyob rau hauv California, lub sab saum toj US tsheb lag luam thiab lub xeev uas yuam automakers siv catalytic converters los txiav tailpipe fumes ua ntej lub teb chaws txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1970s. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj dab tsi txaus ntshai tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm no.
California Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Toxic xav kom muaj ib kev cai kom muaj nuj nqis rau Lub Xya Hli 1 uas, thawj zaug, xav kom cov tuam txhab cov log tsheb uas muaj 6PPD los sau lawv nrog lub xeev raws li "cov khoom tseem ceeb." Nws tsis yog txwv tsis pub, tab sis yog "qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub tsheb log tsheb uas muaj 6PPD kom ceeb toom DTSC tias lawv tsim cov khoom no" thiab txhawb kom lawv pib nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj.
Nws tsis yog ntau, tab sis nws tsuas yog txoj cai ntawm lub log tsheb muaj kuab paug hauv kev ua haujlwm tam sim no.
California lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Xyuas Cov Cuab Yeej muaj zog, uas nws thawb rau lub teb chaws txoj cai ua pa phem tshaj plaws ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tam sim no rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob, hais rau Forbes tias nws tsis npaj txhij los tswj cov log tsheb thiab cov plua plav nres, lwm yam tsis muaj pa paug paug. ARB "tseem nyob rau theem tshawb fawb kom nkag siab txog kev tso pa tawm los ntawm cov nres tsheb thiab cov log tsheb thiab qhov cuam tshuam rau cov emissions yuav muaj," said tus kws tshaj lij Melanie Turner.
Zaj dab neeg zoo ib yam ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency. EPA cov kev faib kev tshawb fawb tab tom saib txog qhov teeb meem thiab koom tes nrog "lwm pab pawg tshawb fawb los ntsuas cov pa tawm tshiab ntawm lub tsheb nres thiab lub log tsheb," hais tias Dominique Joseph. "Cov ntaub ntawv no thaum kawg yuav suav nrog EPA cov cuab yeej ua qauv."
Tshiab txoj cai ntawm soot pollution lub koom haum tau tshaj tawm lub hli no tsis tau hais txog cov log tsheb plua plav, tsom mus rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov chaw xws li cov pa luam yeeb, cov kav dej hauv tsheb thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.
"Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus ntses salmon rhiab tshaj plaws tom ntej yog steelhead, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Chinook"
Biologists xav tias qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo.
Qhov "tsis muaj hniav" nyob rau hauv txoj cai California yav tom ntej ua rau poob siab rau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv dej, Jenifer McIntyre, tus pab xibfwb ntawm Washington State University.
Thaum xub thawj, nws xav tias txoj cai yuav "yuam kev lag luam kom hloov pauv. Lawv tsis tas yuav ua li ntawd, "
"Tib neeg yuav cia li sau coho thiab hais tias, 'tej zaum peb tsis xav tau coho.' Tab sis peb tau kawm txog cov dej nag los nag rau ob peb xyoo lawm thiab peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus ntses salmon rhiab tshaj plaws tom ntej yog steelhead, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Chinook, "McIntyre tau hais. “Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tseem qhia tau tias ob hom kab mob no muaj qee qhov rhiab heev. Lwm tus uas zoo li lawv rhiab heev yog brook trout. "
Kev tshawb fawb hauv Nyij Pooj pom tias ib hom char, cov ntses zoo li salmon, kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm 6PPD-Quinone, nws hais.
Sarah Amick, tus lwm thawj coj loj thiab tus kws tshaj lij rau US Tyre Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC-based pawg uas tos txais cov tuam txhab suav nrog Bridgestone, Goodyear thiab Michelin, hais tias cov neeg tsim log tsheb "mob siab txog qhov teeb meem (6PPD)."
Nws hais tias USTMA, uas kwv yees kev lag luam log tsheb muaj kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam txhua xyoo yog $ 171 nphom, txhawb nqa California txoj kev txav mus los txheeb xyuas cov log tsheb nrog 6PPD yog cov khoom tseem ceeb los pib cov txheej txheem nrhiav kev hloov pauv. Tab sis nws tsis tau hais tias cov tuam txhab lag luam tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev cog lus 6PPD hloov pauv lossis thaum lawv tuaj txog.
Lub Salmon Detectives
Ua haujlwm nrog cov kws tshawb fawb suav nrog Ed Kolodziej ntawm University of Washington thiab cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm National Oceanic thiab Atmospheric Administration thiab US Fish & Wildlife Service, McIntyre tau tshawb xyuas qhov ua rau cov ntses salmon tuag txij thaum xyoo 2000s thiab yog ib feem ntawm pab pawg uas tshawb pom 6PPD qhov kev toxicity ib puag ncig. . Los ntawm kev ua kom tiav, kev tshawb fawb ntau xyoo ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov dej ntws los ntawm txoj kev, lawv cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau pom tias 6PPD-Quinone, ib yam khoom tsis paub yav dhau los, yog tus ua txhaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm coho, cov tshuaj lom neeg ua rau cov tsos mob zoo li ua tsis taus pa, tab sis raws nraim li cas nws tua cov ntses tseem raug tshawb fawb.
Zhenyu Tian, sab laug, tus kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm University of Washington, Tacoma; Jenifer McIntyre, qhov chaw, pab xibfwb ntawm Washington State University; thiab Edward Kolodziej, tus kws tshaj lij, University of Washington, ntawm Longfellow Creek ze Seattle.
Mark Stone/University of Washington
McIntyre, nrog rau Nisqually Tribe's trout, yog ntawm cov neeg hais lus ntawm ib leeg, kev sib tham theem siab ntawm lub log tsheb muaj kuab paug, tau tuav rov qab rau lub Xya Hli 2021 hauv lub rooj sib hais los ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Pabcuam Natural Resources Committee, thaum Rep. Katie Porter, Democrat. los ntawm Irvine, California, ua tus thawj coj ntawm nws lub subcommittee ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshawb nrhiav. Qhov teeb meem tseem yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb rau Porter, uas nyuam qhuav tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm los mus rau Senate lub rooj zaum hauv 2024.
Ntxiv rau 6PPD-Quinone qhov kev sib txuas rau cov ntses salmon tuag, Porter hais Forbes hauv email uas nws txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov log tsheb qub uas siv rau hauv qhov chaw ua si. Los ntawm lub rooj sib hais ntawd, "Peb tau kawm tias cov tshuaj no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tawg ntawm coho salmon, hem kev lag luam hauv zos thiab ua phem rau cov neeg zej zog," nws hais.
Porter tau hais tias "Peb lub chaw haujlwm tseem tab tom ntsuas cov kauj ruam tom ntej, suav nrog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm txoj cai," Porter tau hais. "Kuv tau cog lus tias yuav ua tus khub rau lub xeev, hauv zos, thiab pab pawg neeg hauv lawv txoj haujlwm los tiv thaiv thiab txhawb nqa cov neeg coho salmon."
Thaum lub tsheb hnyav tsim cov log tsheb ntau dua, cov log tsheb siv rau cov tsheb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom tsis muaj teeb meem vim tias lawv siv cov roj hmab ntau dua, Molden hais. "Peb paub tias cov log tsheb hnyav feem ntau tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li cov log tsheb vim lawv xav tau cov roj hmab ntau dua kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua."
"Peb yuav tsum ua ib yam dab tsi vim tias cov khoom no tua cov ecosystem"
Qhov ntawd tsis zoo li yuav yog kev daws teeb meem rau cov tsheb thauj neeg coob coob, txawm li cas los xij, vim "tsis muaj roj hmab ntuj," nws hais.
Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Paris-based Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Txhim Kho tau pom tias tsis muaj pa phem los ntawm cov log tsheb thiab cov brakes tuaj yeem siab dua rau EVs dua li lawv cov khoom siv "raws li cov roj teeb hnyav hauv tsheb hluav taws xob txhais tau tias lawv feem ntau hnyav dua li qhov sib xws. cov pa tsheb. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsheb fais fab uas muaj ntau dua (kev tsav tsheb) uas xav tau cov roj teeb loj dua. "
Tam sim no lineup ntawm Tesla, lub ntiaj teb tus muag khoom sab saum toj ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb, qhia txog qhov no. Nws nrov Model Y SUV hnyav nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj 4,500 phaus, ib nrab ib tuj ntau tshaj ib tug zoo sib xws loj, roj av-powered Honda CR-V. Elon Musk-coj lub tuam txhab yuav los tom ntej Cyberx pickup tuaj yeem qhia cov nplai ntawm 8,500 phaus, nyuaj General Motors 'gargantuan 9,000-phaus hluav taws xob Hummer SUV.
Rau kev lag luam xws li Asmeskas, uas twb tau xav txog cov SUVs hnyav thiab cov khoom thauj, cov plua plav log yuav yog qhov teeb meem loj tshwj xeeb. Molden tau hais tias "Nws tau los rau hauv kev pab tsis tau zoo, tsis yog vim hluav taws xob - lub tsheb hnyav dua, txhua yam sib npaug, muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntau dua - tab sis vim tias cov pa hluav taws xob poob qis dua," Molden tau hais.
Nrhiav kev daws teeb meem
Yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau 6PPD, lub log tsheb kev lag luam tau tawm tswv yim ua txoj hauv kev softer thiab lwm yam kev txhim kho. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem luv luv rau qhov zoo li yog qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig tshwm sim. Qee tus hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho, txawm li cas los xij.
Tire Collective, ib qho kev pib ua haujlwm hauv London tau tsim los ntawm peb Forbes 30 Hauv 30 Teb chaws Europe alums, tab tom tsim thawj-ntawm-nws-zoo ionic filtration system rau cov log tsheb plua plav uas nws tau pib sim ntawm cov tsheb me me hluav taws xob thiab cia siab tias yuav tshaj tawm ua cov khoom lag luam hauv 2024. Thiab Enso Tyres, tseem nyob hauv UK, hais tias nws tab tom tsim ib txoj kab ntawm cov log tsheb tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau cov tsheb fais fab uas nws hais tias yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua los ntawm kev tsim cov plua plav tsawg.
Washington's Nisqually Tribe kuj tau pib qhov kev sim nrog Seattle-based non-profit Long Live The Kings lim 6PPD thiab 6PPD-Quinone tawm ntawm cov dej nag cua uas ntws mus rau hauv coho salmon ib puag ncig.
Ib qho kev sim pom qhov system tau tsim los tshem tawm 6PPD thiab 6PPD-Quinone los ntawm cov dej nag los.
Long Live Cov Vaj/Nisqually Tribe
Troutt tau hais tias "Peb tau teeb tsa lub kaw lus txhawm rau ntes cov dej nag los ntawm txoj kev, khiav nws los ntawm bioremediation, compost-based filter system," Troutt hais. "Peb tau txais ib xyoos ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab nws tau qhia tias nws ua tiav hauv kev tshem tawm 6PPD. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib qho taw qhia ntawm daim duab thiab peb xav tau cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. "
“Low-Hanging Fruit”
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm 6PPD qhov cuam tshuam rau cov ntses ntses tsis zoo li yuav yog ib qho teeb meem thiab nws muaj peev xwm muaj kev puas tsuaj loj dua los ntawm cov log tsheb, hais tias Hugo Richardson, cofounder thiab CTO ntawm Tyre Collective.
"6PPD yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov tshuaj tsom rau kev pib qee yam kev cai ... tab sis lub log tsheb yog tsim los ntawm ntau pua, yog tias tsis yog ntau txhiab, ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab microplastics," nws hais. “Peb tsis paub tag nrho ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv. 6PPD yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qis, tab sis qhov no tseem yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim ntau heev thiab peb tsis paub nyob rau theem no tias qhov cuam tshuam li cas. "
Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 6PPD rau tib neeg tseem tsis tau paub, txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tau pom cov cim ntawm nws hauv cov zis kuaj, thiab ntau dua cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, hais tias Washington State McIntyre.
"Kuv tsis tuaj yeem xav tias peb yuav tsis pom sai sai uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tej zaum qhov ntawd yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum kawg ua ib yam dab tsi txog nws," Troutt tau hais. "Muaj cov neeg mob siab rau coho salmon, tab sis peb yuav tsum ua ib yam dab tsi vim tias cov khoom no tua cov ecosystem."
XAV PAUB NTAU LOS RAU FORBES
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2023/01/24/car-tire-dust-is-killing-salmon-every-time-it-rains/