Ib tug menyuam yaus thiab ib tug poj niam tsoo pob zeb rho tawm los ntawm cobalt thiab tooj liab mine hauv Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 23, 2016.
JUNIOR KANNAH / AFP ntawm Getty Images
Carmakers tau cog lus ntau txhiab nyiaj daus las los txhawb kev tsim cov roj teeb rau cov tsheb hluav taws xob hauv Asmeskas, suav nrog Tesla txoj kev npaj tsis ntev los no rau triple lithium-ion cell tso zis ntawm nws cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ze Reno, Nevada. Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag xav tau ntau cov khoom siv kim heev, suav nrog cobalt uas feem ntau mined hauv Congo - thiab feem ntau yog cov menyuam yaus.
A txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm New York University thiab Geneva Center rau Kev Lag Luam thiab Tib Neeg Txoj Cai pom tias cov tuam txhab tsheb loj, roj teeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau ua tsawg dhau los ua kom cov cobalt lawv siv tsis cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus hauv Congo ntau qhov tsis zoo "artisanal" mines. Nws tseem hu rau cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab cov tuam txhab mining thiab cov tuam txhab ua lag luam los pab tsim kev tiv thaiv uas tshem tawm cov kev coj ua thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb tag nrho.
Michael Posner, tus thawj coj ntawm NYU's Stern Center rau Kev Lag Luam thiab Tib Neeg Txoj Cai thiab yog leej twg pab tsim daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias "Txog 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cobalt yog nyob rau hauv Congo thiab 20% ntawm qhov ntawd los ntawm cov mines tsis raug cai," Forbes. Thiab txawm hais tias cov tuam txhab suav nrog Tesla thov lawv tsis tau txais cobalt los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siv menyuam yaus, "10% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cobalt tau tawm ntawm cov mines artisanal - nws yog cov khoom lag luam loj," Posner tau hais.
Kev hloov pauv kev lag luam pib mus rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm roj av, lub zog tseem ceeb rau ib puas xyoo, yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm loj. Nws yuav tsum tau tsim cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab los ua ntau lab lub roj teeb thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab a multibillion-duas program txhawm rau ua kom cov pej xeem them nyiaj ntau thiab thoob plaws txhua qhov EVs yuav xav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi rau cov khoom siv hlau xws li lithium, npib tsib xee thiab cobalt siv hauv lithium-ion roj teeb yuav zoo li yuav nyob twj ywm siab raws li kev xav tau sib tw ua ntej ntawm kev muab khoom. Kev tshem tawm qhov teeb meem me me rau kev ua haujlwm rau cobalt tseem yog lwm qhov teeb meem rau EV kiv puag ncig.
"Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem cais qhov ntws ntawm ASM cobalt los ntawm cov khoom loj dua ntawm kev lag luam mined cobalt."
Tesla, hauv nws lub xyoo ib puag ncig kev cuam tshuam tsab ntawv ceeb toom, hais tias nws muaj "tsis muaj kev zam txim" rau kev ua haujlwm menyuam yaus thiab tau xa ib pawg neeg sawv cev los ntawm nws "Lub luag haujlwm Sourcing Committee" mus rau Democratic Republic of Congo yav dhau los los tshuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej hauv mining. "Lub DRC mus ncig ua si tau muab kev pom ntau dua ntawm qhov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm kev ua txuj ci thiab kev ua haujlwm me me (ASM) thiab nws keeb kwm hauv DRC," lub tuam txhab tau hais hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no, yam tsis tau piav qhia.
"Cov neeg yuav khoom thoob ntiaj teb koom nrog kev sim ua tsis tau zoo kom tsis txhob muaj cobalt cuam tshuam nrog ASM tsis quav ntsej qhov tsis yooj yim qhov tseeb tias nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem cais cov dej ntws ntawm ASM cobalt los ntawm cov khoom loj dua ntawm kev lag luam mined cobalt," Dorotheé Baumann-Pauly, tus thawj coj ntawm Geneva Center thiab tus sau ntawm cobalt tsab ntawv ceeb toom, hais nyob rau hauv ib tug emailed nqe lus.
Lub Yim Hli dhau los, CEO Elon Musk thiab Tesla pawg thawj coj txhawb cov tswv lag luam kom tsis lees txais qhov kev thov uas yuav xav kom lub tuam txhab muab cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws txog nws cov khoom siv kev coj ua thiab cov kauj ruam los xyuas kom meej tias nws vam khom rau kev ua haujlwm rau menyuam yaus, txawm tias tsis ncaj. Lub tswv yim tau swb dhau lub Yim Hli 2022. Tesla tsis teb rau qhov kev thov tawm tswv yim ntawm NYU / Geneva tsab ntawv ceeb toom.
Tesla lithium-ion roj teeb hlwb, ua nrog cobalt, tso rau ntawm lub tuam txhab Berlin Gigafactory.
dpa / duab kev sib koom tes ntawm Getty Dluab
Raws li Posner, Assistant Secretary of State thaum lub sij hawm Obama Administration, cov me nyuam raug siv nyob rau hauv lub artisanal mining sites vim hais tias nws yooj yim yooj yim rau lawv mus rau hauv lub me me tunnels thiab qhov. "Koj muaj cov neeg tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw kuv li no nrog lawv tsev neeg, khawb ib lub qhov hauv av, uas tsis ruaj khov, tom qab ntawd xa lawv cov menyuam mus rau hauv cov ncej, thiab cov ncej tawg."
Tesla thiab lwm lub tuam txhab tsis ncaj qha yuav cobalt los ntawm cov mines me, tab sis lawv tau txais nws ncaj qha, raws li kev tshawb fawb. Thaum lawv lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog kev lag luam loj, xws li cov khiav los ntawm Glencore, intermediaries muag ASM cobalt rau cov neeg tsim khoom loj, Posner tau hais.
"Cobalt mechanically scooped up by the big mining machines are mixed with cobalt people are digging out of the ground their own and sell on a local market. Thiab yog tias nws tsis sib xyaw ua ke hauv Congo, feem ntau ntawm cov cobalt tau ua kom zoo dua los ntawm cov smelters hauv Suav teb, "nws hais. "Ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, yog tias koj yog lub tuam txhab tsheb loj, lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob loj lossis cov chaw tsim khoom siv roj teeb, cov kws ua haujlwm tsis raug cai mined cobalt yog ib feem ntawm koj cov khoom siv. "
"Ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, yog tias koj yog lub tuam txhab tsheb loj, lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob loj lossis cov chaw tsim khoom siv roj teeb, cov kws ua haujlwm tsis raug cai mined cobalt yog ib feem ntawm koj cov khoom siv. "
General Motors, uas yog lub hom phiaj los tawm tsam Tesla txoj kev tswj hwm EV tam sim no, tau hais tias nws tau sim ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj ib tus neeg muab khoom siv siv menyuam yaus lossis raug yuam ua haujlwm. "Peb nquag saib xyuas peb cov saw hlau thoob ntiaj teb thiab ua kom muaj kev mob siab rau ntau, tshwj xeeb yog qhov peb txheeb xyuas lossis paub txog kev ua txhaum cai ntawm txoj cai, peb cov ntawv cog lus, lossis peb txoj cai-xws li peb Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Tus Tswv Cuab, uas yog coj los ntawm United. Nations Ntiaj Teb Compact, "tus kws tshaj lij David Barnas tau hais los ntawm email.
Ford tsis teb tam sim ntawd rau kev thov tawm tswv yim.
Qhov ntawd tau hais tias, kev cia siab rau cov tuam txhab tsheb los saib xyuas cov mines rau cov xwm txheej no tsis yog kev daws teeb meem mus sij hawm ntev, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom, uas xaus lus tsuas yog txoj cai siv sij hawm ntev yog rau tsoomfwv kom lees paub thiab tswj cov mines me, tsis raug cai thiab ntxiv. fencing thiab lwm yam kev nyab xeeb nta kom lawv tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij. Thiab nrog rau kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev siv cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov mines xaus, nws xav kom Congo thiab cov neeg siv ntawm nws cov cobalt los txhawb kev siv cov poj niam cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv mines los pab txhim kho lawv cov xwm txheej nyiaj txiag.
Posner tau hais tias qhov pib yog rau cov tuam txhab lees paub tias muaj teeb meem. “Cov lus teb tsis yog ua piv txwv tias nws tsis yog koj qhov teeb meem. Thiab muaj tsawg heev uas tau ua kom raug cai thiab txhim kho cov xwm txheej. "
Ib tug digger nqis mus rau hauv lub pob zeb tooj liab thiab cobalt hauv Kawama, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Lub Washington Post ntawm Getty Dluab
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2023/02/08/battery-push-by-tesla-and-other-ev-makers-raises-child-labor-concerns/