Koj plam lub ntsiab lus yog tias koj xav tias Ethereum muaj txiaj ntsig vim tias nws muaj qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam cap thiab tus nqi siab rau ib chav tsev. Thiab tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab tuav lub cryptocurrency, koj tau ncaws koj tus kheej tawm ntawm lub sijhawm zoo heev.
Kev ua lag luam cryptocurrency yog qhov tseeb me ntsis ntawm cov tsiaj qus sab hnub poob hnub no, thiab ntau tus neeg tab tom nrhiav qee qhov txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nkag siab Ethereum yuav muab rau koj pom ntawm Vitalik Buterin daim duab loj dua thiab vim li cas nws txoj haujlwm zoo heev.
Tab sis cia peb tsis txhob hnov qab tias muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv thaum nws los txog rau Ethereum. Lub npe hu ua 2.0 version, Cov txheej txheem Staking, thiab cov txheej txheem hloov pauv mus rau cov pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg tau pib, tsis tau nws tseem yuav pom tias Ethereum yuav ua li cas thaum kawg.
Ethereum piav qhia
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Ethereum yog lub platform tsim los ntawm Vitalik Buterin ua kom internet decentralized, qhov twg code yog txoj cai. Nws cov npib yog qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws altcoin, ntau tshaj li ib txwm cryptocurrency, Ether.
Ethereum yog lub platform ua-nws-koj tus kheej rau cov ntawv thov kev faib tawm (DAPP). Nws tso cai rau koj los tsim ib daim ntawv thov uas tsis muaj ib tus neeg tswj hwm thiab txhawb nqa los ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis. Yog li ntawd, nws tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm tus neeg thib peb, vim tias txhua yam yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ntse.
Cov dApps tau tsim los ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes thiab Vyper, thiab koj tuaj yeem muab lawv txhua lub peev xwm.
Cov neeg tsim khoom paub ntau dua kuj tseem yuav xav siv YUL, ib hom lus nruab nrab rau Ethereum Virtual Machine, lossis Yul +, txuas ntxiv rau Yul.
SIDENOTE. Solidity yog hom lus hais txog kev sau ntawv rau kev sau ntawv cog lus ntse ntawm Ethereum Platform. Solidity zoo li ib qho yooj yim version ntawm JavaScript. Vyper yog ib hom lus pythonic programming uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tsawg dua li Solidity uas lub hom phiaj ua kom cov ntawv cog lus ruaj ntseg thiab yooj yim rau kev soj ntsuam. Yul thiab Yul + yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom paub txog uas txhawb EVM thiab Ewasm, uas tuaj yeem pab txhim kho koj cov ntawv cog lus siv roj.
Lub platform yog me ntsis nyuaj thiab tsis tu ncua hloov zuj zus, yog li peb yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv coding tshwj xeeb. Tab sis kom nkag siab Ethereum, nws txaus kom paub tias nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb:
Ethereum lub tshuab virtual suav cov ntsiab lus uas txiav txim siab li cas cov ntawv cog lus ntse ua haujlwm.
Raws li qhov loj npaum li cas Ethereum blockchain yog, nws qhov loj dhau 1000 GB nyob rau hauv Kaum Ib Hlis 2022.
Pib nrog Ethereum
Txhawm rau pib nrog Ethereum, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab tias Ethereum Blockchain tsis ntev los no tau hloov pauv cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo los ntawm kev ua pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm (PoW) mus rau pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg (PoS).
Qhov kev txiav txim no hu ua "Lub Merge." Nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb tshiab rau lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022, thaum thawj txheej txheej ntawm Ethereum hu ua Mainnet fused nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshiab-ntawm- ceg txheem ntseeg pom zoo, Beacon saw.
Ua ntej "Kev Sib Koom Tes," Ethereum Blockchain ua haujlwm zoo li lub tshuab loj loj, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Nws tau txais nws lub tshuab xam zauv los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, thiab lub tshuab xam zauv yuav tsum tau them roj hauv Ether.
Piv txwv li, tus nqi roj tau kwv yees nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 2022, 36 Gwei (0.000000001 Eth). Dhau li ntawd, PoW Ethereum zog noj (TWh) muaj qhov nruab nrab nqi 78.
Tom qab "Lub Merge," Ethereum Blockchain ua haujlwm zoo li lub loj, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ntsuab, hloov lub blockchain no mus rau ib qho ntsuab. Cia peb ua kom meej, txij li Cuaj hlis 15, 2022, Ethereum's proof-of-stake mechanism tsuas yog siv xwb ~0.0026 TWh/yr.
PW kev pom zoo muaj tus nqi ntawm 30.000x loj dua li PoS raws tu qauv hauv Ethereum rooj plaub. Qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb blockchain no txo qis lub zog siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 99,99%! Qhov ntawd yog dope, txoj cai?
Tom qab rov pib dua no, koj yuav nkag siab ntau ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "Kev Sib Koom Tes" ntawm Ethereum blockchain. Tab sis tam sim no, koj xav paub yuav ua li cas pib tiag tiag nrog Ethereum, puas yog?
Yog li ua ntej, koj yuav xav tau lub hnab nyiaj khaws Ethereum. Muaj ntau lub hnab nyiaj Ethereum - qee qhov zoo dua, qee qhov phem dua. Yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum nyeem peb Cryptocurrency phau ntawv qhia lub hnab nyiaj ua ntej xaiv ib qho.
Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus tom ntej nrog kev sau ntawv cog lus ntse thiab tsim dApps.
Dab tsi yog Ether siv rau
Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov max mov ntawm ETH, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv, muaj 122.37M ETH ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Thawj qhov kev siv Ether yog los txhawb lub zog thiab txhawb nqa Ethereum network. Tab sis ntawm lub sijhawm no, tej zaum koj yuav xav paub dab tsi Ether siv rau ib sab dua li kev yuav roj.
Thiab muaj ntau yam siv rau nws sab nraum lub platform. Cov neeg siv Ether xa nyiaj mus rau txawv teb chaws, nrog cov nqi tsawg, los ntawm kev hloov mus rau cov phooj ywg. Tsis tas li, koj tuaj yeem siv Ether los yuav cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam los ntawm txhua tus neeg muab kev pabcuam uas lees txais lawv. Los yog koj ua tau xwb pauv nws ntawm kev sib pauv.
SIDENOTE. Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm koj lub internet browser nrog dApps, koj tuaj yeem siv Metamask, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj xav ua lag luam me me ntawm no thiab muaj.
Ethereum Smart Contracts
Qhov tseem ceeb innovation Ethereum coj yog daim ntawv cog lus ntse.
Cov ntawv cog lus ntse yog cov kev pab cuam me me uas tau tsim ua ntej tso lub token, tom qab ntawd khaws cia rau ntawm blockchain. Tom qab koj sau cov haujlwm ntawm cov yam ntxwv, lawv yuav khiav autonomously yam tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hloov kho lawv.
Yeej, daim ntawv cog lus ntse txhais cov xwm txheej uas txhua tus neeg pom zoo los ntawm kev siv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv cog lus ntse tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv, los ntawm tus lej tokens mus rau ib hom kev pov hwm.
Thaum pib, tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ntse tshiab thiab lub token zoo li reinventing lub log. Yuav luag txhua tus token tshiab yuav xav tau kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb rau kev sib pauv, hnab nyiaj, lossis ib qho app sib txuas lus nrog.
Muaj ntau chav rau kev ua yuam kev thiab hloov koj dApp tom qab tso nws ntawm lub ntsiab net yuav xav tau ib rab diav rawg nyuaj. Yog li, qhov xav tau ib token txheem tshwm sim.
Ethereum Thov Saib (ERC)
Xav txog Ethereum Thov rau Cov Lus Qhia (ERC) raws li cov ntaub ntawv programmers siv los sau cov ntawv cog lus ntse ntawm Ethereum Blockchain. Lawv txhais cov cai hauv cov ntaub ntawv no uas Ethereum-based tokens yuav tsum ua raws.
Niaj hnub no, ntau ERCs matured, yog li hauv qab no, peb yuav nthuav qhia ob peb ntawm lawv, uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:
ERC20 tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 2015 thiab muab Ethereum cov neeg siv cov lus qhia rau kev tsim ib tug fungible token. Nws yog qhov sib kis tshaj plaws token thiab, nyob deb, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua.
Koj tsis tas yuav sau daim ntawv cog lus ntse koj tus kheej. Koj tuaj yeem mus rau ib token generator kom tau txais kev tsim koj tus cryptocurrency. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim xws li:
- lub npe ntawm lub cim;
- lub cim;
- max khoom;
- nqi;
- gas txwv.
Qee lub platforms txawm tso cai rau koj mus tsim ib qho ICO.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg pom ntau yam teeb meem nrog ERC20, thiab ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem paub zoo tshaj plaws yog xa cov token mus rau daim ntawv cog lus ntse uas tsis tau ua los txhawb nws. Ntau lab nyiaj daus las tau poob vim kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam.
ERC223 los daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev ntxiv lub token fallback muaj nuj nqi. Nws yog ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm ERC20 uas tsis lees txais kev hloov pauv uas tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab siv ob zaug tsawg dua roj.
ERC721 yog tus qauv token uas hais txog a tsis-sau lub token. Yog tias ERC20 los nrog lub cim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li qhov tom ntej, ERC721 qhia indivisible thiab cim tokens. Kev siv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm ERC721 yog hauv CryptoKitties.
ERC777 sawv cev rau txoj hauv kev tshiab los cuam tshuam nrog cov ntawv cog lus. Nws ua rau txhua tus tuaj yeem ntxiv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv rau cov tokens, zoo ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus sib xyaw, kom muaj kev sib pauv ntau dua los yog qhov kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los coj koj yog tias koj poob koj cov yuam sij ntiag tug.
ERC1155 yog ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb uas qhia txog tus qauv uas ib daim ntawv cog lus ua haujlwm rau ntau hom tokens, xws li fungible, non-fungible, lossis lwm yam teeb tsa.
Ethereum 2.0 thiab kev sib koom ua ke
Ethereum 2.0 coj cov kev txhim kho tsim los tsim kho tshiab Ethereum network los ntawm kev npaj los txiav txim siab lub network kev ntsuas thiab hloov mus rau cov pov thawj ntawm cov ceg txheem ntseeg. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 2018 tag nrho cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev qhia hauv qab "Ethereum 2.0" kaus.
Cov saw qub qub tau tshwm sim ua ntej lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022, thaum Ethereum tsiv mus rau cov pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg; ib tug qub pov thawj-ntawm-kev ua hauj lwm Eth1 saw yuav thaum kawg tau depreciated los ntawm ntsib teeb meem. Txij li thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022, cov neeg siv thiab cov ntawv thov tau tsiv mus rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshiab ntawm Ethereum saw hu ua ETH2.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo rau cov pov thawj-ntawm- ceg txheem ntseeg pib nrog Theem 0 thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 nrog rau kev tshaj tawm ntawm Beacon Chain. Nyob rau theem no, Beacon Chain tswj kev sau npe ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv tau thiab siv Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Pov Thawj (PoS) kev pom zoo rau Ethereum 2.0.
Lub Beacon Chain ntxiv qhov kev sib tw ib txwm muaj rau Ethereum blockchain ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub network hloov mus rau PoS kev pom zoo mechanism.
Lub sijhawm thib ob, lub npe hu ua "Lub Merge," ua ke Beacon Chain nrog Ethereum mainnet, uas tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no rau lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022. Qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg rau ETH2 yuav pom kev siv ntawm Shard chains.
Thiab tam sim no, yog tias koj xav paub yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau kuv Ethereum, cov lus teb yog NO. Yam tsawg kawg tsis nyob rau hauv txoj kev classical nws coj qhov chaw. Tom qab "Kev Sib Koom Tes," cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo tau hloov pauv mus rau cov pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg, uas txhais tau hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem mine Ethereum. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav muaj peev xwm nce Ethereum los ntawm staking 32 Ether thiab siv lub laptop nruab nrab.
Kev sib koom ua ke los nrog kev sib pauv ceev ntawm kaum tawm txhiab tus ib ob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqi thiab cov nqi yuav raug txiav.
Lub interface kuj tseem siv tau ntau dua kom tib neeg tuaj yeem tsim ntau qhov haujlwm ntawm Ethereum.
Ua ntej lub Merge upgrade nyob rau hauv Cuaj hlis 2022, lub zog noj ntawm Ethereum rau lub hli dhau los (Lub Yim Hli 2022) yog kwv yees li 86 TWh Ib xyoos twg. Qhov ntawd yog hais txog qhov nruab nrab-qhov loj ntawm lub teb chaws noj / ib xyoos twg. Tom qab hloov mining nrog staking, qhov ntsuas no poob 99.95%.
Qhia sharding rau Ethereum 2.0 yuav tsum tso cai rau kev nce qib ntawm Ethereum vim tias kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem faib hla 64 cov saw tshiab.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias khiav Ethereum node yuav dhau los ua qhov yooj yim dua los ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub kaw lus.
Qhov kev txhim kho tiav yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv 2023.
SIDENOTE. Nco ntsoov tias lub koom haum Ethereum yog phasing tawm Ethereum 2.0 thiab ETH2 terminology. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev thiab kev txhim kho tseem nyob ib yam.
Ethereum Pov Thawj-ntawm-Stake
Hauv qhov xwm txheej dhau los, Ethereum tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 15 kev hloov pauv ib ob. Txhawm rau nthuav dav, "Kev Sib Koom Tes" ntawm Ethereum tuaj nrog ntau qhov kev hloov kho tshiab nyob ib puag ncig staking, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm mining.
Los ntawm kev hloov mus rau stakeing, Ethereum txhais tau hais tias txhawb nqa ntau txhiab kev lag luam ib ob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nce hauv kev lag luam ib ob tsis tuaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov nodes tam sim no. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tswv yim pom zoo ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg tso siab rau kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag kom cov neeg ua haujlwm ncaj ncees.
Cov validators tuaj yeem qhib cov staking nodes los ntawm kev xauv 32 ETH hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Thiab raws li lawv ruaj ntseg hauv lub network, lawv yuav tau txais ib qho APR tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 3.9% mus rau 5.4% APR mus txog 9% txog 12% APR.
SIDENOTE. APR tam sim no tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas launchpad.ethereum.org.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg tau qhib rau ntawm ib qho uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog kho vajtse tsawg dua li qhov kev pom zoo dhau los, vim tias cov node xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua ib zaug. Tus neeg teb xov tooj node yuav tsum tau khiav ib qho shard ntawm nws lub node, uas yuav ua tau txawm tias muaj lub chaw ua haujlwm laptop.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj hauv cov txheej txheem stakeing yog randomness. Nodes raug muab randomly rau shards thiab kev lag luam yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke thiab coj mus rau ib qho shard.
Staking Ethereum yog ua kom nkag tau yooj yim dua los txhawb kev faib tawm. Koj tsuas yog xav tau lub khoos phis tawj tshwj xeeb thiab 32 ETH. Yog tias koj xav kaw ntau ETH, koj yuav tsum qhib qhov sib cais nrog lwm tus 32 ETH ceg txheem ntseeg.
Tab sis nco ntsoov tias kev paub txog kev teeb tsa lub node kom raug yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog tias koj mess up node teeb, tau hacked, lossis sim ua kom puas lub network (txawm tias yuam kev), koj tus ceg txheem ntseeg tuaj yeem raug txiav thiab txawm raug ncaws tawm.
Thiab, tau kawg, muaj qee cov pob khoom rau txhua tus neeg los nrhiav qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv thiab lub network. Cov kev xaiv yog:
Solo home staking - lub npe hu ua tus qauv kub rau kev sib tw, muab tag nrho cov khoom plig koom nrog, txhim kho kev sib koom tes sib koom tes, thiab tsis tas yuav tso siab rau lwm tus nrog koj cov nyiaj.
Staking ua ib qho kev pabcuam - Cov pob no yog tsim rau cov neeg uas tsis xis nyob nrog kho vajtse tab sis tseem xav koom nrog. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tso cai rau qhov nyuaj thaum koj tau txais cov khoom plig hauv ib txwm muaj. Ua qhov no yuav ua rau koj taug kev los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, xa koj cov lej kos npe rau lawv, thiab tso koj li 32 ETH.
Pooled staking - ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem hauv pas dej yuav pab cov neeg siv uas tsis xav koom nrog 32 ETH. suav nrog dab tsi hu ua "kua staking," uas suav nrog ERC-20 liquidity token sawv cev rau koj cov koom nrog ETH. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no ua kom yooj yim thiab txhua lub sijhawm tawm thiab ua rau kev sib tw yooj yim xws li kev sib pauv token. Nws kuj tseem tso cai rau cov neeg siv los tuav lawv cov cuab tam hauv lawv lub hnab Ethereum.
Kev Nruab Nrab Sib Pauv - Ntau qhov kev sib pauv hauv nruab nrab muab cov kev pabcuam staking yog tias koj tsis xav tuav ETH hauv koj lub hnab nyiaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov kev poob qis kom tau txais qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm koj qhov ETH tuav nrog kev saib xyuas tsawg lossis kev siv zog.
Ethereum pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg tau pib tam sim no. Lub Beacon Chain tau koom ua ke rau hauv Ethereum mainnet thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022.
Ethereum Shard chains
Sharding yog lub tswv yim uas faib tag nrho Ethereum network rau hauv ntau qhov chaw hu ua "shards" uas yuav txo qis kev sib koom tes hauv network thiab nce kev lag luam ib ob. Txhua lub shard yuav muaj nws lub xeev ywj pheej, lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nyiaj tshuav thiab cov ntawv cog lus ntse. Dhau li ntawd, sharding yuav muab ntxiv, pheej yig cia khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg rau daim ntaub ntawv thiab rollups khaws cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub tswv yim no tseem ua rau txheej ob txoj kev daws teeb meem uas muab cov nqi qis qis thaum siv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Ethereum.
Sharding tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm Ethereum scaling solutions. Nws xav tias yuav raug tso tawm qee lub sijhawm hauv 2023, muab sijhawm rau cov neeg tsim khoom tsim nyog los ua kom tiav nws tawm thiab sim nws hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom.
Ua ntej yuav mus ntxiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov nodes ua si hauv Ethereum network. Cov nodes yog tsim los xyuas cov miners 'ua hauj lwm thiab ua raws li kev pom zoo cov cai. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog khaws ib daim ntawv luam ntawm Ethereum ledger thiab pib ncaj nraim. Tseem, nws nyuaj vim Ethereum blockchain nce mus txog 1 TB ntawm kev khaws cia, ua rau nws ua tsis tau zoo rau ib tus neeg tsis tu ncua los khiav lub pob.
Sharding daws tau dab tsi? Zoo, cov nodes tej zaum yuav kim dhau los khiav ntawm Ethereum, ua rau lub network muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev lag luam ua tiav los ntawm txhua qhov ntawm yuav ua rau nws, yog li Ethereum yeej tsis ntsuas.
Lub sharding tsis npaj siab yuav txav mus los ntawm blockchain tab sis txhim kho lub network yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev faib tawm, kev ua kom muaj peev xwm, thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
Yav tom ntej ntawm Ethereum
Lub ntsiab lus kub tshaj plaws hauv 2022 rau Ethereum yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Beacon Chain thiab Ethereum mainnet, uas tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022.
Tam sim no, txhua lub qhov muag yog nyob rau ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab. Rau pab pawg Ethereum, qhov kev hloov kho tshiab no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj txij li Ethereum tau tsiv mus rau cov pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg.
Sharding tuaj yeem xa qee lub sijhawm hauv 2023.
* Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no thiab cov kev sib txuas tau muab yog rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav nkaus xwb thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog cov lus qhia txog nyiaj txiag lossis kev nqis peev. Peb qhia koj kom ua koj tus kheej kev tshawb fawb lossis sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij ua ntej txiav txim siab txog nyiaj txiag. Thov lees paub tias peb tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau ib qho kev poob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv lub vev xaib no.
Tau qhov twg los: https://coindoo.com/what-is-ethereum/