Ethereum npaj tawm tsam quantum hem. Cov zej zog ua li cas rau Buterin lub tswv yim tshiab, thiab qhov txaus ntshai tiag tiag li cas?
Kev nce qib ntawm quantum suav tshuab ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau lub blockchain platforms, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg raws tu qauv uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov tes hauj lwm, nrog Ethereum (ETH) tsis muaj qhov zam.
Hauv kev teb rau qhov kev txhawj xeeb no, Vitalik Buterin, tus tsim ntawm Ethereum, tau hais txog kev sib tham ntawm Ethereum Kev Tshawb Fawb, txhawm rau hais thiab txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm quantum suav qhia rau Ethereum.
Delving rau hauv Buterin lub tswv yim
Buterin pom txog qhov muaj peev xwm "quantum xwm txheej ceev," qhov twg qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm quantum xam peev xwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyiag khoom loj ntawm Ethereum.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kev hem thawj tam sim no, Buterin tau npaj ntau txoj hauv kev, pib nrog kev siv lub zog nkhaus ntawm Ethereum network.
Qhov kev sib tw nyuaj no yuav zoo rov qab lub network mus rau ib lub xeev ua ntej muaj peev xwm nyiag tau tshwm sim, xav kom cov neeg siv yuav tsum siv cov hnab nyiaj tshiab software tshwj xeeb tsim los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam yav tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Buterin lub tswv yim yog kev saws rau ntawm ib tug tshiab pauv hom uas tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv Ethereum Txhim Kho Tswv Yim Pom Zoo (EIP) 7560. Hom kev lag luam no leverages cov txheej txheem cryptographic, suav nrog Winternitz kos npe thiab xoom-paub pov thawj technologies zoo li STARKs, aiming los tiv thaiv kev lag luam los ntawm quantum. kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov neeg siv cov yuam sij ntiag tug los ntawm kev raug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Buterin tawm tswv yim rau kev koom ua ke ntawm ERC-4337 tus account abstraction rau ntse daim ntawv cog lus hnab nyiaj, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov raug tus yuam sij ntiag tug thaum lub sijhawm kos npe.
Tus account abstraction ua raws li "cov ntawv cog lus ntse," ua rau cov neeg siv cuam tshuam nrog Ethereum network yam tsis muaj lawv cov yuam sij ntiag tug lossis xav tau tswj hwm Ether rau cov nqi pauv.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm quantum xwm txheej, cov neeg siv uas tsis tau ua tiav kev lag luam los ntawm lawv lub hnab nyiaj Ethereum yuav nyob ruaj khov, vim tias lawv lub hnab nyiaj tsuas yog pej xeem.
Buterin kuj tau hais tias cov kev tsim kho vaj tse tsim nyog los tsim cov phiaj xwm nyuaj tuaj yeem pib txoj kev txhim kho tam sim ntawd.
Zej zog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Lub zej zog Ethereum tab tom sib tham txog Buterin lub tswv yim rau lub tswv yim nyuaj los tiv thaiv Ethereum los ntawm kev tawm tsam quantum. Lub ntsiab lus no tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab thiab kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tswv cuab.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj rau quantum hem raug lees paub, muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev ntsuas no yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg siv siab phem nrog kev nkag mus rau quantum suav. DogeProtocol, ib tus tswv cuab hauv zej zog, tau nug cov lus nug txog kev txheeb xyuas cov neeg tuav nyiaj raug cai tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam hauv cov xwm txheej uas quantum computers tuaj yeem tsoo rau hauv Ethereum hnab nyiaj.
DogeProtocol pom zoo siv NIST tus qauv algorithms ua ke nrog classical algorithms. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov loj me me vim qhov kev kos npe loj dua thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem hauv ntau txoj hauv kev tom qab quantum.
Lwm tus tswvcuab hauv zej zog, nvmmonkey, pom zoo rau lub tswv yim preemptive. Lawv hais qhia kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev kawm tshuab hauv Ethereum lub network node kom pom cov kev lag luam loj, tsis txaus ntseeg uas tuaj yeem qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov xws li Stark qhov kub ntxhov.
Kev pheej hmoo ua los ntawm quantum computers rau blockchain
Blockchain thev naus laus zis, suav nrog cryptocurrencies zoo li Bitcoin thiab Ethereum, tso siab rau cryptographic algorithms xws li Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) kom ruaj ntseg kev lag luam thiab tswj kev ncaj ncees ntawm daim ntawv faib khoom.
Txawm li cas los xij, quantum algorithms, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Shor's algorithm tsim los ntawm Peter Shor hauv 1994, ua rau muaj kev hem thawj los ntawm kev daws qhov teeb meem tsis sib xws ntawm logarithm ntawm elliptic curves, uas yog lub hauv paus rau ECDSA kev ruaj ntseg.
Qhov kev muaj peev xwm no tuaj yeem tso cai rau lub computer quantum los tsim cov ntawv kos npe digital thiab, yog li, tswj cov nyiaj uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kos npe.
Quantum computers kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam kev coj ua cryptographic hauv blockchain thev naus laus zis, suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm hashing, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsuas thiab tsim cov blocks tshiab.
Thaum hashing (piv txwv li, SHA-256 hauv Bitcoin) tsis ncaj qha tawg los ntawm Shor's algorithm, Grover's algorithm, lwm qhov quantum algorithm, tuaj yeem theoretically ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nrhiav tus hash's preimage, txawm hais tias qhov nrawm nrawm dua li Shor's rau encryption. .
Quantum leap: Peb puas npaj tau?
Txawm hais tias tam sim no quantum computers tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm ua txhaum ECDSA ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, qhov kev nce qib sai sai qhia tau tias qhov kev hem thawj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Google npaj yuav tsim lub quantum computer uas muaj peev xwm los tuav kev lag luam thiab kev suav lej tsis raug los ntawm 2029.
IBM nyuam qhuav nthuav tawm "IBM Quantum Heron", nws cov txheej txheem quantum tshaj plaws. Cov processor no sawv tawm rau nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab qhov ua yuam kev tsawg. IBM kuj tau nthuav tawm IBM Quantum System Ob, ib qho tshiab quantum computer. Cov txheej txheem no, twb tau ua haujlwm hauv New York, yog tsim los daws cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev suav ua lag luam.
Lub quantum hem rau tam sim no cryptography yog qhov tseeb dav lees paub los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Muaj kev nce ntxiv rau kev tsim thiab siv quantum-resistant lossis post-quantum cryptographic algorithms.
Piv txwv li, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tau pib ua txheej txheem los ntsuas thiab ua qauv quantum-resistant public-key cryptographic algorithms. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm blockchain thiab lwm yam kev tsim kho digital hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm quantum xam.
Raws li quantum computers 'muaj peev xwm hloov zuj zus mus, kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov neeg tsim khoom, thiab cov neeg tsim cai yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm quantum-resistant cryptographic kev daws teeb meem, lub zej zog blockchain tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv rhiab, khaws cov kev ntseeg siab digital, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig txuas ntxiv ntawm blockchain hauv quantum era.
Tau qhov twg los: https://crypto.news/the-quantum-emergency-ethereums-race-against-time/