Ethereum, qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws cryptocurrency, yog lub tsev ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ntse thiab cov ntawv thov kev ncaj ncees (dApps), tuav ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov nqi xauv hauv kev lag luam. Ethereum txoj kev tswj hwm hauv dApp kev ua lag luam tau nce mus txog 90% ua ntej lwm lub platform sib tw tau tsim.
Txawm li cas los xij, Ethereum tseem yog tus huab tais tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm dApps. Txawm hais tias nws cov nqi siab, lub platform tseem yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau cov ntawv thov sib txawv, xws li nyiaj txiag, kev sib pauv, thiab kev cia khoom mus rau kev ua si, tsis yog-fungible tokens (NFTs), thiab kev tswj hwm. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nws nyob deb npaum li cas txij li nws daim ntawv dawb tau luam tawm xyoo 2013.
Ethereum, zoo li txhua yam, pib nrog lub tswv yim. Thiab lub tswv yim, uas tus Lavxias teb sab-yug Canadian computer programmer Vitalik Buterin xeeb, yog siv zog blockchain thev naus laus zis los tsim cov kev siv tsis zoo, tsis zoo li Bitcoin, uas tau tsim nruj heev rau kev siv nyiaj txiag.
Ethereum's introductory paper was published in lig 2013 by Buterin, the co-founder of Bitcoin Magazine. Cov whitepaper tau piav qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab nws qhov kev siv tau. Tab sis qhov project yuav tsis pib mus txog rau ob xyoos tom qab.
Lub Ib Hlis 23, 2014, Buterin officially tshaj tawm pib ntawm Ethereum ecosystem, hu rau cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, cov neeg tsim khoom, cov tub ua lag luam, thiab cov neeg tshaj xov xwm los koom nrog qhov project. Tus programmer tau tshaj tawm tias nws tau ua haujlwm nrog Gavin Wood thiab Jeffrey Wilcke ua thawj tus tsim tawm los tsim lub platform. Lwm cov tswv cuab hauv pab pawg muaj xws li Anthony Di Iorio, Joseph Lubin, thiab Charles Hoskinson.
Buterin kuj tau sau tseg tias nws pab pawg lub hom phiaj yog los muab "platform rau cov ntawv thov kev faib tawm - Android ntawm lub ntiaj teb cryptocurrency, qhov twg txhua qhov kev siv zog tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke ntawm APIs, kev sib cuam tshuam tsis ntseeg thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam."
Peb lub hlis tom qab, Wood luam tawm qhov project "Daj Ntawv,” uas tau muab cov ntsiab lus ntxaws thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm Ethereum ecosystem, suav nrog Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), nqi khoom plig rau cov miners, thiab cov ntawv cog lus ntse. Nws kuj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim Ethereum tus qauv los ntawm kev pab txhawm rau ua qhov project thawj zaug ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau xya hom lus.
Ethereum developers xav tau nyiaj loj los tsim qhov project. Yog li, pab pawg tau txiav txim siab los nce peev los ntawm pej xeem cov tub ua lag luam los ntawm kev pib nyiaj npib (ICO) uas tau siv sijhawm 42 hnub, txij Lub Xya Hli 20 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 2, 2014.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2014, qhov project tau tsim Ethereum Foundation, lub koom haum Swiss-based non-profit, los tswj kev cai lij choj thiab kev lag luam ntawm ICO phiaj los nqis tes. Lub Foundation tsim tag nrho 60 lab ether (ETH), haiv neeg cryptocurrency ntawm Ethereum ecosystem, rau pej xeem muag. Lub tuam txhab muag 2,000 ether ib bitcoin (BTC) rau thawj ob lub lis piam ntawm ICO thiab 1,399 ETH ib BTC rau qhov seem ntawm cov khoom muag token.
Interestingly, lub Foundation muag tshaj 50 lab tokens nyob rau hauv thawj 14 hnub ntawm cov neeg coob coob, thiab thaum kawg ntawm kev sib tw, qhov project tau tsa tag nrho ntawm 31,531 BTC, muaj nqis ntau dua $ 18 lab. Qhov no ua rau Ethereum qhov kev pab nyiaj txiag thib tsib uas ua tiav ICO hauv keeb kwm crypto (rov qab los).
Txog li ob lub hlis tom qab cov neeg coob coob, ETH DEV tau teeb tsa Ethereum thawj qhov kev tshwm sim, hu ua DEVCON-0, uas tau tuav Ethereum cov neeg tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb los tham txog cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua kom muaj peev xwm.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2015, lub Foundation tau pib nws thawj qhov kev pab cuam, DEVgrant, los txhawb cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Ethereum ecosystem ua ntej lub platform pib ua ntej, thiab cov haujlwm tseem tab tom ua haujlwm rau hnub tim.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2015, pab pawg tsim kho Ethereum tau tshaj tawm Olympic, kev sim version ntawm lub network, uas tau tsom mus rau plaub qhov chaw - kev ua lag luam, kev siv tshuab virtual rau kev ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus ntse, mining prowess, thiab kev ntsuas kev ntxhov siab. Lub Foundation tau muab nqi zog rau cov neeg xeem nrog 2,500 ETH thiab lwm yam khoom plig hauv txhua qeb ntawm theem xeem.
Frontier
Tom qab lub Olympic xeem theem, Ethereum officially mus nyob rau lub Xya hli ntuj 30, 2015, ze li ob xyoos tom qab Buterin luam tawm qhov project daim ntawv dawb. Qhov project thawj zaug tshaj tawm rau pej xeem, hu ua Frontier thiab tsom rau cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv, tau ua lub cim tseem ceeb rau pab pawg. Nws yog yug los ntawm ib tug tshiab blockchain ecosystem rau decentralized daim ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov hom, txawm hais tias tus raws tu qauv yuav tom qab undergo ib tug series ntawm hloov dua siab tshiab raws li nws matured.
Zoo li Bitcoin, cov txheej txheem tsim tawm tshiab tau txais kev pom zoo ua pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm (PoW) kev pom zoo. Ethereum tau tsim nws thawj qhov thaiv (genesis block) los ntawm Frontier, thiab lub block muaj 8,893 ether pauv mus rau cov hnab nyiaj sib txawv, nrog rau nqi zog ntawm 5 ETH. Ether tsis muaj nqi rau lub sijhawm no vim tsis muaj kev lag luam rau nws tseem. Cov neeg lag luam uas koom nrog hauv ICO tseem HODLing lawv cov tokens.
Ethereum's Ice Age
Pab pawg txhim kho Ethereum tau qhia txog Ice Age thiab, nrog rau nws - lub foob pob nyuaj rau lub Cuaj Hlis 7, 2015, ntawm thaiv 200,000. Nws yog ib qho kev hloov kho nyuaj uas tsim los ua kom cov mining nyuaj rau hauv lub network tom qab txhua 100,000 blocks, yog li ua rau cov miners tsis tuaj yeem ua kom nce qib nyuaj. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub network khov rau lub sijhawm, yog li lub npe "Ice Age."
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 14, 2016, ntawm thaiv 1150000, pab pawg tau tshaj tawm kev hloov kho dua tshiab hu ua "Homestead," ze li ib xyoos tom qab Frontier mus nyob. Qhov kev tso tawm tshiab tuaj nrog GUI, yog li ua rau lub platform muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg siv tsis siv neeg.
Lub diav rawg kuj tau txhim kho lub platform nrog Ethereum Kev Txhim Kho Cov Lus Pom Zoo (EIP), uas ua kom lub platform tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hloov kho dua tshiab yav tom ntej.
DAO Attack ntawm 2016: 3,600,000 ETH raug nyiag
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 30, 2016, Lub Koom Haum Decentralized Anonymous (DAO) tau tsim los ntawm Ethereum ntawm block 1428757. Lub DAO tau tsa $ 150 lab tus nqi ntawm ether los ntawm ntau dua 11,000 tus neeg ua lag luam, tab sis tsawg leej twg paub tias qhov kev vam meej yuav tsis kav ntev.
A Lub koom haum tswj hwm txoj kev loj hlob (DAO) zoo ib yam li lub tuam txhab pawg thawj coj saib xyuas, tshwj tsis yog cov tswv cuab DAO tsis qhia npe, thiab lawv cov cai pov npav raug txiav txim los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov tokens vested.
NW nyuam qhuav peb lub hlis tom qab nws tso tawm, DAO raug nyiag vim nws tus tsim tawm siv qhov project yam tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Tus neeg tawm tsam tau txav mus txog 3.6M ETH, muaj nqis txog $ 60 lab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, los ntawm lub platform, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Ethereum network kom rov qab tau cov cuab tam raug nyiag lawm.
Qhov xwm txheej tau ua rau Ethereum nws thawj qhov kev hem thawj tiag tiag txij li DAO qhov tsis ua tiav yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub budding blockchain network ntxiv rau kev poob nyiaj txiag rau cov tub ua lag luam vim DAO tau dhau los ua ib qho haujlwm loj tshaj ntawm Ethereum.
Lub zej zog Ethereum tau sim rab diav rawg kom tsis txhob hloov pauv mus tas li rau blockchain, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd ib qho nyuaj diav rawg tau siv, thiab cov nyiaj tau rov qab thiab xa rov qab rau cov tub ua lag luam.
Lub diav rawg nyuaj txhais tau hais tias mus tas li deviating los ntawm blockchain qhov tseeb version los hloov kho lossis tsis tu ncua cov saw qub. Cov diav rawg nyuaj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov neeg uas xav tsim lub token tshiab lossis cov saw hlau uas khiav ntawm cov cai sib txawv.
Ethereum nyuaj nkhaus tom qab DAO nres tsim ib qho tshiab blockchain. Tus thawj network tau rebranded li Ethereum Classic, thaum lub saw tshiab tuav lub npe - Ethereum.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias Ethereum tom qab ntawd yuav dhau los ua ob peb rab diav rawg. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li DAO qhov kev tshwm sim, tsis muaj ib qho ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib cais tshwj tsis yog 2022 Beacon Chain upgrade, uas hloov Ethereum mus rau PoS kev pom zoo mechanism. Lwm qhov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb ntawm lub network suav nrog Tangerine Whistle, Spurious Dragon, Byzantium, thiab Constantinople.
2020: Ethereum Scalability Teeb meem
Tom qab muaj sia nyob qhov xwm txheej DAO, Ethereum qhov kev sib tw loj tom ntej yog nws qhov teeb meem scalability. Zoo li Bitcoin, Ethereum blockchain ntsib qhov Blockchain Trilemma, ib lub tswv yim thawj zaug siv los ntawm Buterin thaum piav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib tawm blockchain network.
Ethereum co-founder tau hais tias kev ruaj ntseg, decentralization, thiab scalability yog peb lub ntsiab ntawm lub blockchain network. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau lub blockchain kom muaj qib ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho peb cov nta ib txhij. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yuav tsum cuam tshuam ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau lwm qhov.
Los ntawm lig 2017, Ethereum tau dhau los ua qhov nyiam tshaj plaws kev cog lus platform rau dApp cov tsim tawm. Lub network kuj tau txais kev zoo siab los ntawm kev ua lag luam nyuj xyoo ntawd, nrog rau kev ua si blockchain CryptoKitties rub cov neeg coob coob rau hauv Ethereum ecosystem. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo hauv lub network, nrog kev lag luam siv sijhawm ntev dua kom paub meej thiab cov nqi roj tua los ntawm lub ru tsev.
Cov teeb meem scaling ntawm Ethereum tsim kev lag luam rau cov khoom lag luam tawm xws li Polygon.
Lub DeFi boom ntawm 2020 thiab 2021 tsis ua kom yooj yim rau Ethereum. Thaum lub blockchain txuas ntxiv sau tus nqi saws tseem ceeb, cov neeg siv nruab nrab tau plagued nrog cov nqi roj siab, yog li tsim kom muaj kev xav tau rau cov neeg siv los txheeb xyuas cov kev xaiv pheej yig dua xws li BNB Chain thiab Tron.
Txhawm rau daws nws cov teeb meem scalability, Ethereum tau siv qhov kev hloov kho tshiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, kos npe rau qhov pib ntawm lub network hloov pauv ntawm PoW mus rau PoS. Qhov kev txhim kho yuav tsum tau 16,384 deposits ntawm 32 staked ETH nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus chaw nyob ua ntej nws yuav siv.
Pov thawj-ntawm-tus ceg txheem ntseeg yog ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm blockchain uas txheeb xyuas cov kev lag luam crypto thiab tsim cov blocks tshiab los ntawm kev xaiv cov neeg siv khoom tsis zoo, tsis zoo li PoW, uas xav kom cov miners los daws cov lej ua lej. Hauv PoS, validators yuav tsum tau koom nrog lawv cov nyiaj npib ua ntej lawv raug tso cai los txheeb xyuas kev lag luam hauv lub network.
PoS yog ib qho kev ruaj ntseg thiab lub zog-tsim kev pom zoo mechanism dua li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Raws li Ethereum Foundation, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg kuj zoo dua rau kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab, uas Ethereum xav tau ntau dua li qhov qub.
Qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tau tsim cov saw hlau PoS cais hu ua Beacon Chain, uas tau khiav mus rau Ethereum PoW Mainnet. Ob lub chains ces yuav sib koom ua ke los tsim ib lub network hu ua Ethereum 2.0 lossis ETH 2.0. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau hloov lub npe tshiab rau "Cov Txheej Txheem Pom Zoo," ceeb toom tias ETH2 suab zoo li lub tshuab ua haujlwm tshiab, uas tsis yog qhov teeb meem. Lub rebrand kuj yog ib feem ntawm lub Foundation lub dag zog los tiv thaiv cov neeg siv los ntawm cov neeg raug kev dag ntxias xws li swapping ETH rau ETH2.
2022: Ethereum Merge
Pab pawg txhim kho Ethereum tau tshaj tawm ntau qhov hloov tshiab tom qab tso tawm ntawm Beacon Chain hauv kev npaj rau kev sib koom ua ke. Qee qhov kev hloov kho tshiab no yog Altair thiab Tswb Neeb.
Cov lus piav qhia meej, raws li muab los ntawm Ethereum Foundation, yog:
"Lub Merge sawv cev rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntawm Ethereum (lub mainnet peb siv niaj hnub no) nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshiab-ntawm- ceg txheem ntseeg pom zoo - Beacon Chain."
Tau qhov twg los: Ethereum Foundation
cov Ethereum sib koom tau ua tiav nrog kev hloov kho hu ua "Paris" ntawm block 15537393 thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 2022. Thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho, ntau dua 13.4 lab ETH npib tau koom nrog hauv daim ntawv cog lus tso nyiaj. Lub diav rawg pom Ethereum hloov mus rau PoS kev pom zoo ze li ob xyoos tom qab Beacon genesis.
Yog li dab tsi tshwm sim rau Ethereum's PoW miners tom qab Merge? Ethereum network tau raug yuam kom tsim cov saw hlau cais (zoo ib yam li Ethereum Classic). Lub blockchain hu ua pov thawj-ntawm-ua haujlwm Ethereum (ETHW), thiab nws tso cai rau cov miners txuas ntxiv txheeb xyuas cov blocks los ntawm kev daws cov kev ua lej nyuaj rau ETH khoom plig.
Koj tuaj yeem saib peb daim ntawv qhia ua tiav ntawm Merge ntawm no.
Lub neej yav tom ntej: Yuav ua li cas tom qab kev sib koom ua ke?
Nrog rau kev sib koom ua tiav tiav, qhov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb tom ntej ntawm Ethereum yog Sharding, kev hloov kho ntau theem tsim los txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua kom muaj peev xwm thiab tag nrho lub peev xwm. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua on-chain scaling solution.
Ntse yuav ua hauj lwm synergistically nrog layer2 rollups thaum splitting tag nrho Ethereum network mus rau hauv ib tug ywj siab partitions hu ua shards, yog li txhim kho lub network txoj kev mus txog rau 1000x. Ib cag ntawm kev ua kom muaj peev xwm, Sharding yuav qhia lwm yam txiaj ntsig rau Ethereum, xws li kev koom tes hauv network ntau dua thiab txhim kho kev faib tawm.
Qhov kev txhim kho yuav tsum tau ua tiav nyob ib puag ncig 2024 lossis dhau ntawd. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txog thaum ntawd, Ethereum yuav zoo li txuas ntxiv nyob ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem tawm xws li txheej 2 thiab sidechains.
Tshwj xeeb Tshwj Xeeb (Txhawb)
Binance Dawb $ 100 (Tswj): Siv cov ntawv txuas no mus rau npe thiab tau txais $ 100 pub dawb thiab 10% tawm tus nqi ntawm Binance Futures thawj lub hlis (cov ntsiab lus uas).
PrimeXBT Kev Tshwj Xeeb: Siv cov ntawv txuas no sau npe & sau POTATO50 code kom tau txais txog li $ 7,000 ntawm koj cov nyiaj tso cia.
Tau qhov twg los: https://cryptopotato.com/ethereums-history-from-whitepaper-to-hardforks-and-the-eth-merge/
