Lub Plaub Hlis 12 yog qhov kawg ntawm ib qho ntawm cov neeg mob feem ntau tos hauv blockchain keeb kwm. Txij thaum ntawd los, Ethereum cov tub ua lag luam thaum kawg tuaj yeem rho tawm $ 31 billion stash ntawm ETH uas tau pib piling ntawm tus Tsov tus tw kawg ntawm 2020. Qhov ntawd yog vim Ethereum qhov kev hloov tshiab tshiab, dubbed Shanghai, uas qhib ze rau 18 lab thiaj li hu ua "staked ETH" los ntawm lub blockchain - txog 15% ntawm tag nrho cov uas nyob rau hauv kev.
Qhov loj heev token unlock cim qhov ua tiav ntawm Ethereum qhov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau hnub tim-Merge. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, Merge txiav kev sib raug zoo nrog warehouses ntawm crypto miners los ntawm kev sib txuas cov qub blockchain nrog lub network tshiab uas khiav ntawm ib puag ncig kev lag luam-validation mechanism hu ua pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg.
Txoj kev pov thawj tshiab-ntawm-tus ceg txheem ntseeg muab tawm tshiab minted ETH raws li khoom plig rau cov neeg uas "stake" (xauv) lawv cov crypto hauv Ethereum cov ntawv cog lus ntse. Qhov ntau ETH ib qho blockchain validator stakes, qhov ntau dua Ethereum network yuav xaiv tus validator los ua kev lag luam, ua rau kom tus neeg siv khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig ETH tshiab.
Txhawm rau txhawb kom cov neeg siv khoom siv tau los txhawb cov pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg, Ethereum tau txij li xyoo 2020 tau muab cov paj laum txog li 5% rau txhua tus neeg uas nres ntau ntawm ETH hauv nws cov ntawv cog lus ntse. Lub ploy ua haujlwm, thiab Ethereum cov neeg tsim khoom tau siv lub Merge yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj tas los, tab sis muaj ib qho kev ntes rau cov tub ua lag luam: Cov neeg uas koom nrog ETH tsis tuaj yeem thim nws cov nyiaj kom txog thaum cov neeg tsim khoom tso cai.
32 ETH
Shanghai yog qhov kev tso cai. Qhov kev hloov kho nyiaj pub dawb txog ib nrab-ib lab tus neeg lees paub - txhua tus yuav tsum tau muab tsawg kawg 32 ETH (tam sim no txog $ 57,000) - txoj cai thim lawv cov nyiaj. Txog tam sim no, cov neeg koom tes tau khwv tau txog ib lab ETH hauv cov khoom plig - txog 0.9% ntawm Ethereum tag nrho cov peev txheej lag luam.
Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov neeg koom nrog ntau dua li ib nrab-ib lab daim duab; Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau koom nrog ETH los ntawm cov tub ua lag luam niaj hnub uas tsis tuaj yeem them taus kom ua tau raws li 32 ETH qhov yuav tsum tau ua, suav cov nyiaj los ntawm lawv cov nyiaj rov qab rau kev txiav ntawm ze li 5% txhua xyoo. Tam sim no, Lido, qhov loj tshaj plaws decentralized nyiaj txiag raws tu qauv uas tso cai rau lub delegation ntawm ETH, tuav txog 31% ntawm tag nrho cov staked ETH, raws li crypto analytics site DeFiLlama.
Shanghai ua dab tsi ntxiv?
Shanghai ntxiv tus tswv tsev ntawm lwm yam kev hloov kho tshiab, hu ua Ethereum Txhim Kho Cov Lus Pom Zoo (EIPs). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, EIP-3651, EIP-3860, thiab EIP-3855, txwv tsis pub cov nqi sib pauv rau cov ntawv thov kev tshaj lij, uas tuaj yeem mus qee txoj hauv kev los txo cov nqi ntawm lwm yam kim Ethereum blockchain.
Thiab Shanghai tsuas yog txhawj xeeb txog kev hloov kho tshiab rau lub ua tiav txheej ntawm Ethereum - ib feem uas tswj cov ntawv cog lus ntse thiab cov cai raws tu qauv. Lwm qhov kev hloov kho tshiab, hu ua Capella, yuav siv rau Ethereum cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo, ib feem ntawm lub network uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias Ethereum cov neeg siv tau ua raws li cov cai tau teev tseg los ntawm txheej txheej ua tiav.
Tsis meej pem, cov neeg tsim khoom tau hu rau kev hloov kho tshiab Shapella - lub portmanteau ntawm Shanghai thiab Capella - txawm tias qhov sib thooj rau kev hloov kho tshiab. Ethereum's Merge kuj tau hloov nws lub npe ze rau kev ua tiav los ntawm Ethereum 2.0 mus rau tag nrho-encompassing "Ethereum hloov khoom dua tshiab."
Shanghai tau teem sijhawm kawg rau lub Plaub Hlis 12, hnub uas lub network yuav tsum ua tiav 6,209,536th "qhov chaw." Cov ntawv thov Ethereum yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab ntau ntawm pinch; Txawm hais tias yav dhau los Ethereum kev hloov kho tshiab tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ncua, feem ntau los ntawm ob peb xyoos, ib qho kev xeem zoo-nets muab qhov laj thawj txaus ntseeg tias Shanghai tau kaw ruaj khov.
Tus nqi puas yuav poob?
Cia siab tias yuav pom dej nyab ntawm ETH rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov no yog, tom qab tag nrho, thawj zaug cov tub ua lag luam muaj peev xwm them nyiaj tawm ETH rau ETH tiag. Ua ntej Shanghai, cov tub ua lag luam tsuas tuaj yeem thim cov tokens ntawd sawv cev staked ETH ntawm cov platforms zoo li Lido, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov lus thov ntawm ETH. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov nqi tau txais thaum lub sij hawm thaiv cov lus pom zoo, xws li cov lus qhia them rau cov neeg siv khoom siv thaum txhua qhov kev hloov pauv, tab sis tsis yog ETH tau tshaj tawm tshiab.
Jim McDonald, CTO ntawm London staking firm Attestant, cia siab tias tus nqi ntawm Ethereum yuav poob sai sai tom qab Shanghai li ntawm 50% mus rau 70% ntawm cov nyiaj rho tawm thaum ntxov - tus nqi ntawm ETH muaj ntau tshaj plaub npaug txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig rau muaj. Nws tau hais tias nws cia siab tias qhov kev muag khoom yuav ua rau tsis zoo los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm ETH tshiab poob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov kho qub uas hlawv ETH tom qab txhua qhov kev hloov pauv.
Tab sis McDonald tseem kwv yees ETH tus nqi yuav rov qab sai sai thaum cov neeg koom nrog rov qab mus rau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, tej zaum tom qab hloov chaw muab kev pabcuam lossis rov ntsuas lawv txoj haujlwm. Cov stakers tshiab tseem yuav koom nrog, nws xav tias, xws li cov koom haum uas yav dhau los tau ntshai tsam cov kev pabcuam derivatives xws li Lido lossis RocketPool tuaj yeem hlawv rau tshauv, lossis tias Shanghai yuav ncua sijhawm mus tas li, kaw lawv cov nyiaj mus tas li.
"Koj tab tom pauv koj Ether rau cov taum khawv koob," McDonald hais txog Lido. "Tam sim no, lawv tau zoo nkauj taum khawv koob zoo nkauj, tab sis sim muag qhov ntawd rau koj CFO tuaj yeem ua yuam kev. Tab sis tom qab Shanghai, nws hais ntxiv, cov koom haum tuaj yeem "tso tswj" thaum tuav. "Koj tsis tau sib cav nrog tus neeg sau se uas koj tau muag koj Ether thiab pauv nws rau cov taum khawv koob."
Lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kua dej saum toj kawg nkaus kuj tseem cia siab tias qhov kev hloov kho tshiab yuav coj cov tsev koom nrog hauv lub rooj txij li lawv tuaj yeem ntxiv thiab tshem tawm cov nyiaj ntawm qhov xav tau, ua rau Ethereum staking tag nrho ntau dua li cov paj laum cov nyiaj khaws cia ntau dua li kev yuav khoom hauv ib tus kheej. tuam txhab pre-IPO. Konstantin Lomashuk, tus tub luam thiab pab txhawb rau Lido uas tau tshwm sim hauv vaj huam sib luag, hais Fortune tias Shanghai yuav tsis dent ETH tus nqi thaum lub txhab nyiaj loj dua nws qhov hnyav ntawm lub lag luam crypto.
Kev rho tawm yuav ua haujlwm li cas?
Ob hom tub ua lag luam zoo li yuav rho tawm: cov neeg siv khoom siv tau, thiab lawv cov 32-ntxiv ETH, thiab cov tub ua lag luam niaj hnub uas tau muab cov nyiaj rau cov neeg siv tau. Tseem muaj cov laj thawj ntseeg tias nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua lag luam yuav raug kaw; Shapella tau teeb tsa qee qhov kev txwv txog ntau npaum li cas ETH validators tuaj yeem thim tau ib zaug, thiab nws yuav siv sijhawm li 18 lub hlis rau cov neeg lees paub kom thim txhua yam.
Tsuas yog 1,350 tus neeg lees paub tag nrho tuaj yeem thim lawv cov kev tuav pov hwm txhua hnub (thawj 32 ETH kev nqis peev, ntxiv rau cov khoom plig tau txais), lossis 43,200 ETH tawm ntawm tag nrho lub lauj kaub ntawm 17.6 lab. Nws yuav nrawm dua kom tshem tawm cov nplaum rau saum 32 ETH; kwv yees li 110,000 tus neeg siv tau tuaj yeem thim lawv cov khoom plig txhua hnub. McDonald, ntawm Attestant, cia siab tias kwv yees li 1.1 lab ETH (kwv yees $ 2 nphom) yuav ntaus lub lag luam thawj lub lim tiam tom qab Shanghai.
Lomashuk hais Fortune tias stakes yuav luag ob npaug rau 30 lab ETH hauv ib xyoos, thiab tsis pub tshaj 20% ntawm cov neeg koom tes yuav thim lawv cov nyiaj kom zoo. Cov neeg siv khoom siv tau yuav tsis xav thim lawv ETH yog tias qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv, tam sim no 4.6%, tseem ntaus rov qab rau lwm qhov. Qhov ntawd yuav loj hlob Ethereum network, nws hais tias, nrog kev nce hauv kev lag luam hlawv ntau ETH, thiab yog li ntawd nce tus nqi "tseem ceeb."
Yuav ua li cas yog tom ntej no?
Muaj kev hloov kho dua tshiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Ib qho ntawm qhov kev hloov kho loj ntxiv tom ntej, Cancun, yuav qhia "proto-danksharding," ib txoj hauv kev ua kom lub blockchain nrawm vim nws haum rau cov neeg siv ntau dua los ntawm kev khiav lub network ntawm ntau cov saw me me ib zaug.
Michael Anderson, cofounder ntawm DeFi-focused VC fund Framework Ventures, hais Fortune uas proto-dankshading tuaj yeem tseem ceeb dua li Shanghai. "Kev ua tiav zoo tuaj yeem txo cov nqi pauv ntawm L2s," nws hais tias, hais txog txheej-2 cov txheej txheem, "txhim kho qhov nruab nrab cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib tw loj heev rau ntau tus 'Ethereum killers' uas yog thawj qhov kev sib tham hauv kev ua lag luam kawg."
Tab sis cov kev hloov kho tshiab no yuav tsum tau sib tw nrog Arbitrum thiab Optimism, nrog rau cov neeg sib tw blockchains, uas tau noj tam sim ntawd ntawm Ethereum kev lag luam feem ntau hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los. Thiab thaum Shanghai yog qhov zoo rau Ethereum, Securities thiab Exchange Commission qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua crypto yuav ua rau kibosh rau dab tsi cov tub ua lag luam thaum ntxov tuaj yeem ua nrog lawv cov ETH tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Zaj dab neeg no tau pib tshwm sim rau ntawm Fortune.com
Ntau los ntawm Fortune:
Tau qhov twg los: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ethereum-shanghai-upgrade-dump-huge-101500216.html