Los ntawm ntau tus account, quantum xam (QC), uas siv atomic "spin" es tsis txhob siv hluav taws xob los sawv cev nws binary 1's thiab 0's, yog hloov zuj zus ntawm tus nqi exponential. Yog tias QC puas tau paub txog ntawm qhov ntsuas, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub neej, pab txhim kho cov qoob loo, tsim cov tshuaj zoo dua qub thiab tsim cov dav hlau muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab lwm yam txiaj ntsig.
Lub crypto sector tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig ib yam. Tsuas yog lub lim tiam dhau los, piv txwv li, Lub Txhab Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Canada-commissioned project simulated cryptocurrency saws ntawm Canadian cov koom haum nyiaj txiag siv quantum xam.
Maryam Haghighi, tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm Bank of Canada tau hais tias "Peb xav sim lub zog ntawm quantum suav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas nyuaj rau kev daws teeb meem siv cov txheej txheem suav niaj hnub," said Maryam Haghighi, tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm Bank of Canada, hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm.
Tab sis, lwm tus txhawj xeeb tias quantum suav, muab nws qhov tshwj xeeb "brute force" lub zog, tuaj yeem tawg blockchain tus qauv cryptographic, uas tau ua haujlwm rau Bitcoin (BTC) zoo heev txij li thaum nws pib. Tseeb tiag, qee tus hais tias nws tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej quantum computers yuav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov lej tseem ceeb uas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm BTC tus yuam sij ntiag tug - piv txwv tias tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tsim.
Raws li cov kab no, ib daim ntawv luam tawm tsis ntev los no suav Tsuas yog ntau npaum li cas lub zog quantum yuav xav tau los theej BTC tus yuam sij ntiag tug, piv txwv li, "tus naj npawb ntawm lub cev qubits yuav tsum tau ua txhaum 256-ntsis elliptic nkhaus encryption ntawm cov yuam sij hauv Bitcoin network," raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm cov ntawv sau, uas yog koom nrog University of Sussex.
Kom paub meej, qhov no yuav tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Bitcoin's algorithm uas hloov cov yuam sij pej xeem mus rau tus yuam sij ntiag tug yog "ib txoj hauv kev," uas txhais tau hais tias nws yooj yim los tsim cov yuam sij pej xeem los ntawm tus yuam sij ntiag tug tab sis zoo li tsis tuaj yeem muab tus yuam sij ntiag tug los ntawm tus yuam sij pej xeem siv cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub no.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam hauv li 10 feeb, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm uas tus yuam sij pej xeem raug nthuav tawm lossis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm Bitcoin network. Nws kuj tseem xav tias tus yuam sij rau pej xeem zoo ib yam rau BTC chaw nyob, ib yam li feem ntau hauv Bitcoin thaum ntxov ua ntej nws tau dhau los ua kev coj ua siv KECCAK algorithm rau "hash" cov yuam sij pej xeem los tsim BTC chaw nyob. Nws tau kwv yees tias kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm Bitcoin uas twb muaj lawm yog siv unhashed pej xeem yuam sij.
Muab cov kev txwv no, cov kws sau ntawv kwv yees tias 1.9 billion qubits yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau ib tus lej Bitcoin ntiag tug hauv 10 feeb. Qubits, los yog quantum khoom, yog cov analog rau "ntsis" hauv kev suav classical. Los ntawm kev sib piv, feem ntau proto-QC computers niaj hnub no tuaj yeem hu txog 50-100 qubits, txawm hais tias IBM's state-of-the-art Eagle quantum processor tuaj yeem tswj hwm 127 qubits.
Muab lwm txoj hauv kev, qhov ntawd yog 127 qubits tawm tsam 1.9 billion xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau Bitcoin kev ruaj ntseg siv lub khoos phis tawj loj-loj ion quantum, raws li tau hais hauv AVS Quantum Science ntawv.
Mark Webber, quantum architect ntawm Universal Quantum, University of Sussex spin-out ruaj, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm daim ntawv, hais tias, "Peb qhov kev kwv yees xav tau [...] qhia tias Bitcoin yuav tsum raug suav hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev tawm tsam quantum rau tam sim no, tab sis quantum suav cov thev naus laus zis tau nce nrawm nrawm nrog kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua cuam tshuam rau qhov kev kwv yees thiab ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm tshwm sim hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej."
Puas yog kev hem thawj tiag?
Bitcoin kev ruaj ntseg puas tuaj yeem tawg? "Kuv xav tias quantum computers tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cryptocurrency," Takaya Miyano, tus xibfwb ntawm kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm Nyiv lub Ritsumeikan University, hais rau Cointelegraph, "Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ob peb xyoos, tab sis hauv 10-20 xyoo lub sijhawm."
Miyano tsis ntev los no coj ib pab neeg uas tsim muaj kev chaos-based kwj cipher tsim los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj loj quantum.
David Chaum, sau xyoo tas los rau Cointelegraph, kuj tau suab lub tswb - tsis yog rau crypto xwb tab sis rau cov neeg thoob ntiaj teb ib yam nkaus:
"Tej zaum qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau lub zej zog yog li tso siab rau hauv internet, quantum-theem xam ua rau tag nrho peb cov kev lag luam digital muaj kev pheej hmoo. Peb niaj hnub internet yog tsim los ntawm cryptography— kev siv cov lej thiab cov yuam sij kom ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus ntiag tug thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv. "
Lub caij no, rau cryptocurrencies zoo li Bitcoin thiab Ether (ETH), "rau leej twg lub tswv yim no yog qhov tseem ceeb, ib lub khoos phis tawj uas muaj zog txaus quantum tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog tub sab nyiag ntau txhiab daus las ntawm tus nqi lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho blockchain tag nrho," txuas ntxiv Chaum.
Muaj ntau dua 4 lab BTC "uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tawm tsam quantum," tus kws sab laj Deloitte kev kwv yees, tus lej uas suav nrog cov tswv siv cov yuam sij pej xeem tsis tau siv lossis rov siv BTC chaw nyob, lwm qhov kev coj ua tsis zoo. Ntawm cov nqi lag luam tam sim no, qhov ntawd yog kwv yees li $ 171 nphom ntawm kev pheej hmoo.
Tsis ntev los no: Puas yog asymmetric cov ntaub ntawv tsav tsheb crypto tus nqi qus swings?
"Tus kheej, kuv xav tias peb tsis muaj peev xwm tam sim no los ua qhov kev kwv yees zoo" ntawm lub sijhawm nws yuav siv ua ntej quantum computers tuaj yeem rhuav tshem BTC tus encryption, Itan Barmes, quantum kev ruaj ntseg coj ntawm Deloitte Netherlands thiab cov neeg koom tes hauv World Economic Forum, hais rau Cointelegraph. Tab sis, ntau tus kws tshaj lij niaj hnub no kwv yees li 10-15 xyoo, nws hais. Ntau qhov kev kwv yees no, ib yam nkaus, yog rau kev rhuav tshem cov encryption yam tsis muaj sijhawm txwv. Ua txhua yam hauv 10 feeb yuav nyuaj dua.
Lwm cov cryptocurrencies, tsis yog Bitcoin, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ib yam nkaus, suav nrog cov ntawv pov thawj-ntawm-stake (PoS) validation mechanisms; Bitcoin siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm (PoW) raws tu qauv. "Yog tias blockchain raws tu qauv nthuav tawm cov yuam sij rau pej xeem rau lub sijhawm ntev txaus, nws cia li ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tawm tsam quantum," Marek Narozniak, tus kws kho mob thiab tus tswv cuab ntawm Tim Byrnes 'quantum tshawb fawb pab pawg ntawm New York University, hais rau Cointelegraph. "Nws tuaj yeem tso cai rau tus neeg tawm tsam los tsim kev lag luam lossis ua tus neeg tsim khoom thaiv tus kheej rau PoS systems."
Lub sij hawm npaj
Nws zoo li kev lag luam crypto tej zaum yuav muaj txog kaum xyoo los npaj rau lub peev xwm QC kev tawm tsam, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Narozniak sau tseg:
"Muaj ntau lub sijhawm txaus los txhim kho quantum-kev nyab xeeb cryptography cov qauv thiab ua haujlwm tawm cov diav rawg txaus rau tam sim no siv cov txheej txheem blockchain."
Thaum nug yog tias nws ntseeg siab tias tom qab quantum cryptography yuav tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm los cuam tshuam cov neeg nyiag ua ntej 10-feeb teeb meem tawg, Deloitte's Barmes tau hais txog ib daim ntawv tsis ntev los no nws. co-authored ntawm quantum txaus ntshai rau Ethereum blockchain uas piav txog ob hom kev tawm tsam: kev tawm tsam thiab kev tawm tsam. Thawj "tsis nyuaj rau kev ua, tab sis los tiv thaiv nws, koj tsis tas yuav hloov cov cryptography algorithm." Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws hais rau Cointelegraph:
"Kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam yog qhov nyuaj dua rau kev tua thiab tseem nyuaj dua los tiv thaiv. Muaj qee tus neeg sib tw algorithms uas ntseeg tau tias yuav tiv taus quantum tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv tau thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm mus rau blockchain. "
Ib caj npab haiv neeg?
Dab tsi yog nthuav tawm hauv cheeb tsam no, tom qab ntawd, zoo li yog ib hom kev sib tw ntawm caj npab - raws li cov khoos phis tawj loj hlob tuaj, kev tiv thaiv algorithms yuav tsum tau tsim kom tau raws li qhov kev hem thawj.
Narozniak hais tias "Tus qauv tag nrho no yeej tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab rau peb. "Peb pom nws hauv lwm qhov kev lag luam thiab." Kev tsim kho tshiab tau qhia, thiab lwm tus sim nyiag lawv, yog li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv piracy tau tsim, uas ua rau muaj kev ua tub sab ntau dua.
"Dab tsi ua rau qhov xwm txheej quantum-kev nyab xeeb cryptography no txawv me ntsis yog tias quantum algorithms ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj dua. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom siv no yog ua raws li lub cev sib txawv thiab rau qee yam teeb meem lawv muab cov kev suav sib txawv, "Narozniak ntxiv.
Qhov tseeb, QC ua rau siv qhov tsis zoo ntawm quantum mechanics uas yog ib qho hluav taws xob lossis atomic particle tuaj yeem nyob hauv ob lub xeev tib lub sijhawm. Hauv kev suav classical, tus nqi hluav taws xob sawv cev rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li 0 lossis a 1 thiab qhov ntawd raug kho, tab sis hauv quantum suav, ib qho atomic particle tuaj yeem yog 0 thiab a 1, lossis 1 thiab a 1, lossis 0 thiab a. 0, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias qhov tshwj xeeb zoo no tuaj yeem siv tau, suav lub zog tawg ntau ntau, thiab QC txoj kev loj hlob, ua ke nrog Shor's algorithm - thawj zaug tau piav qhia hauv 1994 raws li qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau, tab sis tsis ntev los ua qhov tseeb dav dav, ntau tus ntseeg - kuj hem. txhawm rau tawg RSA encryption, uas yog siv ntau hauv internet nrog rau cov vev xaib thiab email.
Miyano hais rau Cointelegraph "Yog lawm, nws yog kev sib tw riam phom nyuaj thiab zoo siab heev," "Kev tawm tsam - suav nrog kev tawm tsam sab nraud - rau cryptosystems tau dhau los ua muaj zog dua, vim muaj kev vam meej hauv cov khoos phis tawj thiab lej algorithms khiav ntawm cov tshuab. Ib qho cryptosystem tuaj yeem tawg tam sim ntawd vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj zog tsis txaus ntseeg algorithm. "
Simulating kev sib raug zoo nyiaj txiag
Ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias quantum xam qhov cuam tshuam rau crypto sector yuav ua rau tag nrho, txawm li cas los xij. Samuel Mugel, tus thawj coj thev naus laus zis ntawm Multiverse Computing, lub tuam txhab uas coj cov kev pabcuam saum toj no ntawm Bank of Canada, tau piav qhia tias hauv kev tsav tsheb, lawv muaj peev xwm simulate lub network ntawm kev sib raug zoo nyiaj txiag uas qhov kev txiav txim siab uas ib lub tuam txhab yuav ua tau. nyob ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab, piav qhia ntxiv rau Cointelegraph:
"Kev ua si txoj kev xav network zoo li qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev rau cov khoos phis tawj ib txwm los daws teeb meem vim tias kev coj cwj pwm zoo dua tuaj yeem raug saib xyuas. Quantum computers muaj txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem no zoo dua. "
Cov cuab yeej siv raws li quantum mechanics uas muaj peev xwm muab lwm yam tshwj xeeb, Narozniak ntxiv, "Piv txwv li, tsis zoo li cov xeev classical, quantum xeev tsis tuaj yeem theej. Yog tias cov tokens digital tau sawv cev siv lub xeev quantum, qhov tsis muaj-cloning theorem yuav cia li tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev siv ob npaug. "
Tsis ntev los no: Crypto pom tias yog 'lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov nyiaj' nyob rau hauv kev nce nqi-mired lub teb chaws
Narozniak tau hais tias Quantum entanglement tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua kom ruaj ntseg quantum ntse daim ntawv cog lus, Narozniak tau hais. "Tokens tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ua rau ob tog muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov poob thaum kawg yog tias daim ntawv cog lus ntse tsis ua tiav raws li kev pom zoo."
Txhim kho post-quantum cryptography
Tag nrho hauv tag nrho, qhov kev hem thawj rau cryptoverse los ntawm quantum xam tshwm tiag tiag, tab sis lub hwj chim loj yuav tsum tau ua txhaum crypto lub hauv paus cryptography, thiab hackers kuj yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nruj lub sij hawm txwv - muaj tsuas yog 10 feeb los nkag mus rau BTC tus yuam sij, piv txwv li. Qhov tseeb ntawm kev rhuav tshem Bitcoin's elliptic nkhaus encryption los ntawm kev siv quantum suav yog tsawg kawg ib xyoo caum, ib yam nkaus. Tab sis, kev lag luam yuav tsum tau pib tam sim no hauv kev txhim kho kev cuam tshuam. Barmes hais tias "Kuv xav hais tias peb yuav tsum npaj kom txhij raws sijhawm, tab sis peb yuav tsum pib ua haujlwm hnyav rau nws," Barmes hais.
Qhov tseeb tiag, tam sim no muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim "hauv post-quantum crypto," Dawn Song, tus xibfwb hauv computer science division ntawm University of California, Berkeley, hais rau Cointelegraph, ntxiv:
"Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas peb tsim quantum-resistant, los yog tom qab-quantum, cryptography yog li peb muaj lwm txoj hauv kev npaj thaum quantum computers muaj zog txaus hauv qhov tseeb."
Tau qhov twg los: https://cointelegraph.com/news/quantum-computing-to-run-economic-models-on-crypto-adoption