Trail of Bits cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau luam tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, 2022, qhia tau hais tias kev faib khoom lag luam thev naus laus zis (DLT) thiab blockchain tes hauj lwm, suav nrog cov hwj chim bitcoin (BTC) thiab ether (ETH) tsis yog tag nrho decentralized. Cov kev tshawb fawb tseem pom tau tias loj heev 21 feem pua ntawm Bitcoin nodes tau khiav ib qho qub version ntawm Bitcoin Core cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub Rau Hli 2021.
Blockchains Tsis Decentralized thiab Immutable
Thaum lub Bitcoin network tau tswj hwm qib siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg hauv nws 13 xyoo ntawm kev muaj sia nyob thiab feem ntau tau piav qhia tias yog qhov feem ntau decentralized blockchain network, qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tshaj plaws qhia tau hais tias kev faib khoom siv thev naus laus zis (DLT) cov tshuab yuav tsis hloov pauv thiab kev faib tawm raws li lawv. zoo li.
Trail of Bits, lub tuam txhab New York-based cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg tau tshaj tawm qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau ua sawv cev ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (DARPA) los txiav txim siab txog qhov twg blockchains yog kev faib tawm tiag tiag.
Hauv 26-nplooj ntawv tshaj tawm, hu ua "Puas Blockchains Decentralized? Unintended Centralities hauv Distributed Ledgers, "Trail of Bits cov kws tshawb fawb tau teeb pom kev rau ntau txoj hauv kev uas blockchain tes hauj lwm ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis hloov pauv, nrog rau cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov tes hauj lwm no.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau ob qhov loj blockchains: Bitcoin thiab Ethereum thiab sim nrhiav seb yuav ua li cas decentralized thiab ruaj ntseg lawv siv ntau yam yardsticks nrog rau kev tso cai hauv nruab nrab (qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov koom haum xav tau los cuam tshuam lub system aka Nakamoto coefficient), Kev pom zoo hauv nruab nrab, Kev txhawb siab hauv nruab nrab. , Topological centrality, Network centrality (geographical distribution of nodes) thiab Software centrality.
Cov kev tshawb pom
Qhov tseem ceeb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau coj mus rau qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tshawb pom, feem ntau yog qhov tsis sib xws rau qhov blockchain proponents thov:
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov koom haum yuav tsum tau tawm tsam lub network blockchain yog qhov tsawg: plaub rau Bitcoin, ob rau Ethereum, thiab tsawg dua kaum rau feem ntau PoS tes hauj lwm (Polygon 2, Fantom 3, Solana 19, Cosmos 6)
- Txhua lub network blockchain tau siv dav heev muaj cov cai tswjfwm tsim nyog uas tuaj yeem hloov kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm blockchain los hloov pauv kev hloov pauv yav dhau los
- Feem coob ntawm Bitcoin nodes thoob plaws ntiaj teb no tsis koom nrog kev tsuas thiab tsis muaj kev nplua rau cov neeg tsis ncaj ncees lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis ncaj ncees.
- Stratum, tus qauv raws tu qauv rau kev sib koom tes hauv blockchain mining pas dej ua ke yog unencrypted thiab unauthenticated.
- 21 feem pua ntawm Bitcoin nodes tau khiav ib qho dhau los ntawm Bitcoin Core tus neeg siv khoom raws li lub Rau Hli 2021, txo qis feem pua ntawm cov hashrate (49 feem pua) tsim nyog los tua 51% tawm tsam.
- Lub Bitcoin Network tsheb yog unencrypted
- Tsuas yog peb lub ISPs tswj 60 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb Bitcoin
- Ib qhov ntom ntom, tejzaum nws tsis yog-qib-dawb subnetwork ntawm Bitcoin nodes yog lub luag haujlwm loj rau kev pom zoo thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog cov miners - feem ntau Bitcoin nodes tsis pab rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub network.
- Tor yog Bitcoin tus muab kev pabcuam loj tshaj plaws
- Ethereum ecosystem muaj cov lej tseem ceeb ntawm kev rov siv dua: 90 feem pua ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ntse Ethereum uas nyuam qhuav siv tau tsawg kawg yog 56 feem pua zoo ib yam.
Tawm tswv yim txog kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, Joshua Baron, DARPA tus thawj coj saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb tau hais tias:
"Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas thaum ntsuas cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, xws li blockchains, vim tias lawv nthuav dav hauv peb lub neej thiab kev lag luam. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ib qho kev cog lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub ntsej muag tus nqi thiab ib tus neeg siv blockchains rau cov teeb meem ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum xav txog los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo. "
Tau qhov twg los: https://crypto.news/trail-bits-blockchains-decentralized/