Tsis tshua muaj cov khoom ntawm blockchain uas tseem ceeb tshaj li algorithms thiab cov txheej txheem. Ib kab lus meej ntxiv rau ob leeg yuav yog 'lawv yog lub cav ntawm blockchain'. Thaum Bitcoin tau tshaj tawm rau lub ntiaj teb xyoo 2009, cov ntsiab lus zoo li kev pom zoo raws tu qauv tau dhau los ua rau pej xeem. Nws yog tib txoj kev decentralized systems tuaj yeem pom zoo rau kev khiav haujlwm.
Kev txhais cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Thawj yam ua ntej, dab tsi yog algorithm? Txoj cai yog dab tsi? Ib qho algorithm hais txog cov txheej txheem los yog cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev daws teeb meem xws li kev suav. Lawv feem ntau siv tau rau hauv tab sis tsis txwv rau computers.
Ib txoj kev cai ntawm qhov tod tes yog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem lossis cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cai tswj hwm kev siv qee yam. Ib qho kev pom zoo raws tu qauv yog nyob rau hauv lem txhais tau tias tswj hwm qhov blockchain yuav tsum muaj nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab yog tias qhov thaiv tau ntxiv yog qhov pom zoo los ntawm tag nrho cov nodes hauv lub network. Cov ntsiab lus pom zoo raws tu qauv thiab kev pom zoo algorithm tuaj yeem siv sib hloov.
Consensus Protocol/Consensus Algorithm
Raws li tau tsim, kev pom zoo raws tu qauv plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab uas cov blocks ntxiv rau hauv blockchain. Nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab no los ntawm kev pom zoo los ntawm tag nrho cov nodes hauv blockchain network uas raug xa mus rau lub network txheeb xyuas kev lag luam.
Cov txheej txheem yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb rau blockchain uas ua haujlwm raws li lub kaw lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv faib tawm. Nws kuj tseem yog qhov ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm blockchain, ua rau nws nyuaj heev rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam los dag lossis nyiag lub kaw lus. Ib tug yuav tsum tuav 51% txoj cai tawm tsam kom muaj peev xwm hloov tau ib qho thaiv thiab dag lub zog. Qhov ntawd yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau txhua qhov loj blockchain network txij li ib tus yuav tsum tswj ntau txhiab lub khoos phis tawj ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib qho impossibility.
Yam Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Pom Zoo Raws Cai
Txawm li cas los xij tsis muaj ib qho kev pom zoo raws li kev pom zoo nyob ntawd. Qhov chaw nws tus kheej tau ua tiav kev tsim kho tshiab thiab hloov pauv ntau xyoo. Txhua qhov kev pom zoo tshiab raws tu qauv muab rau blockchain nws cov yam ntxwv, thiab nyob rau lub sij hawm ib tug ntug ntawm yav dhau los blockchain systems. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov npoo yog li cas lub blockchain daws 51% kev tawm tsam qhov tsis zoo lossis yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho kev lag luam nrawm. Hauv qab no yog ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev pom zoo raws tu qauv.
Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev pom zoo ua haujlwm raws tu qauv yog thawj zaug siv hauv blockchain, tau nyob hauv thawj blockchains zoo li Bitcoin thiab Litecoin Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kom siv tau cov kev lag luam los ntawm kev suav ntawm cov txiaj ntsig hash.
Txhawm rau xam tus nqi hash, tus miner yuav tsum daws qhov nyuaj cryptographic puzzle. Qee tus lej ntawm cov lej zeros pom nyob rau hauv tus nqi hash yog dab tsi yog tsom los ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tus naj npawb uas tsim tus nqi hash nrog rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov trailing zeros hauv hash muaj nuj nqi yog hu ua nonce.
Cov txheej txheem kev pom zoo yog tsim los rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug tso cai rau pej xeem. Txhawm rau kom ncav cuag qhov kev pom zoo, kev suav lub zog los ntawm cov nodes hauv qhov system yog siv los daws qhov kev sib tw cryptographic thiab tsim cov hashes.
Blocks yog teem linearly, txhua tus sawv cev rau ib pab pawg ntawm kev lag luam. Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov thaiv tau raug lees paub thiab kos npe digitally siv txhua tus neeg siv tus lej ntiag tug thiab pej xeem.
Drawback
PoW yog qhov xav tau heev uas lub zog muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm mining Bitcoin piv txwv li siv zog ntau dua li koom pheej ntawm Argentina. Lwm cov txheej txheem tshiab dua yog qhov tsis tshua muaj zog- tshaib plab hauv kev sib piv.
Ntawv pov thawj ntawm Stake
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg raws tu qauv kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov hiob siv hauv blockchain. Ethereum, uas yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws blockchain, cim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov players sab saum toj xaiv rau txoj cai.
Tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsis muaj hashes yog tsim los ntawm cov miners. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv, txhua tus miner tau txais ib qho thaiv. Lawv nyob rau hauv lem yuav tsum tau tso tseg ib feem ntawm lawv cov crypto tuav kom pib validating. Cov txheej txheem hu ua stake, li no lub npe pov thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg. Ntawm kev ua tiav kev lees paub kev lag luam, tus miner tau txais txiaj ntsig crypto lawv tau koom nrog yav dhau los nrog rau cov nqi sib pauv.
Cov miners ua qhov kev lees paub raug xaiv raws li lawv txoj kev lag luam hauv lub network blockchain. Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem txo qis cov chaw mining nrog rau muab lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv blockchain. Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau yog txwv.
Drawback
PoS nce kev ruaj ntseg vulnerabilities. Tus neeg tawm tsam yuav tsum tswj hwm tsuas yog 50% ntawm tag nrho cov nodes piv rau 51% hauv PoW. Kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev nplua nuj. Tus neeg tawm tsam tuaj yeem thim rov qab tus neeg raug tsim txom kev hloov pauv thiab tom qab ntawd xiab tus neeg tawm tsam kom lees paub qhov kev hloov pauv.
Lwm yam kev siv algorithms thiab kev cai hauv Blockchain
Thaum kev pom zoo raws tu qauv yog thawj daim ntawv thov ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab algorithms hauv blockchain muaj lwm yam kev siv. Thawj yog thaum ua lag luam. Crypto lag luam algorithms ua lag luam xaj siv cov lus qhia ua lag luam automated. Cov lus qhia yog preprogrammed thiab tsim los account rau ib tug tseem ceeb variables xws li lub sij hawm, luam ntim thiab nqi.
Lwm qhov kev siv algorithms yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntse. Lawv yog tus kheej ua cov ntawv cog lus ntawm ob tog thiab sau ncaj qha rau hauv cov cai ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov chaw Decentralized Finance, uas tshwm sim los ua qhov chaw muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv blockchain tam sim no. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov tokens thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv tshiab xws li Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
Ua Ntej
Algorithms thiab Protocols yog kab tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cryptocurrencies. Lawv tsim cov caj qaum ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm blockchain.
Los ntawm kev pom zoo raws tu qauv, algorithms thiab cov txheej txheem txiav txim siab li cas kev hloov pauv tau raug lees paub los ntawm lub network loj ntawm cov nodes decentralized. Lawv txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm blockchain nws tus kheej thiab ua rau nws tamper-pov thawj. Ob lub ntsiab lus pom zoo, Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm thiab Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg tau piav qhia zoo. Muaj ntau yam ntxiv muaj xws li Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ntawm Qhov Chaw, Ntawv Pov Thawj ntawm Elapsed-time, thiab lwm yam.
Kev lag luam algorithms thiab cov ntawv cog lus ntse sawv cev rau lwm txoj hauv kev algorithms yog qhov tseem ceeb rau blockchains. Cov kev paub zoo li no tseem ceeb heev rau txhua tus neeg uas xav siv Blockchain thev naus laus zis.
Tau qhov twg los: https://crypto.news/algorithms-and-protocols-as-used-in-blockchain/