Merkle tsob ntoo hauv Blockchain yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas?

Qhov tseem ceeb takeaways:

• cov Merkle ntoo yog hom binary hash tsob ntoo uas muaj 3 hom nodes: nplooj nodes, tsis-nplooj nodes, thiab cag nodes.
• Ib tsob ntoo Merkle yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm kev ua lag luam ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv teev npe decentralized.
• Cov ntoo Merkle tau pom hauv Bitcoin thiab Ethereum.

Introduction

Cryptocurrencies tsis yog ib qho kev kawm tsis paub, thiab tsis yog blockchain, technology qab lawv keeb kwm. Rau txhua tus neeg nyiam crypto, nkag siab txog cov qauv blockchain thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas yog thawj kauj ruam kom paub qhov tseeb ntawm cryptos.

Thaum nkag siab txog cov qauv blockchain sib txawv yog qhov chaw Merkle ntoo tuaj. Merkle ntoo feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov phooj ywg-rau-peer (P2P) tes hauj lwm los cuam tshuam nrog kev suav lub zog thiab qhov chaw nco. Nws yuav tsis yog qhov exaggeration hais tias Merkle ntoo ua blockchain thev naus laus zis ua tau zoo. Yog li cia peb dhia mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus qab tsob ntoo Merkle thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIc6MNfv5iQ

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Merkle tsob ntoo

Cias muab, ib tsob ntoo Merkle sawv cev rau txoj kev cov ntaub ntawv raug teeb tsa lub hom phiaj. Nws tso cai rau kev tshawb xyuas sai thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dav dav ntawm blockchain. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, Ralph Merkle tsis paub txog tsim nws los ua ib lub tswv yim hauv daim ntawv hu ua "A Certified Digital Signature." Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg xav tias nws yuav dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv teev npe decentralized yav tom ntej.

Lub Merkle tsob ntoo tau txhim kho lub ntiaj teb ntawm cryptography txij li thaum nws pib. Tab sis nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau cryptocurrencies tom qab Bitcoin tus neeg paub tsis meej tau siv nws hauv lub hauv paus code ntawm BTC. Tom qab ntawd, Ethereum thiab lwm yam cryptocurrencies kuj tau txais cov ntoo Merkle.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Bitcoin network, Merkle ntoo yog ib qho zoo tivthaiv uas siv hashes es tsis txhob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj loj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tsob ntoo Merkle ntiav cov lus piav qhia tshwj xeeb los piav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nodes thiab lawv qib.

Txhua qhov thaiv hauv blockchain muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv. Khaws tag nrho cov kev lag luam thiab nrhiav cov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb uas yog cov block uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm blockchain. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog Merkle ntoo, txhua qhov kev lag luam tau teeb tsa tau zoo, ua rau siv cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab txo CPU ua haujlwm.

Nkag siab tias tsob ntoo Merkle ua haujlwm li cas hauv blockchain

Nov yog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim los piav qhia txog lub tswv yim no: 

Xav txog cov ntaub ntawv thaiv zoo li ib qho qhia saum toj no uas muaj 4 kev lag luam: L1, L2, L3, thiab L4. Txhawm rau khaws cov kev hloov pauv no, peb tuaj yeem siv lub tswv yim ntawm tsob ntoo Merkle los ntawm kev suav cov hash ntawm txhua qhov kev sib pauv. Tom qab xam, peb tau txais Hash L1, Hash L2, Hash L3, thiab Hash L4.

Cov hashes ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ib qho, feem ntau hu ua nplooj ntawm nplooj, ntawm tsob ntoo Merkle. Tab sis peb txoj haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus, raws li peb yuav tsum tsim cov nplooj tsis muaj nplooj los ntawm kev sib txuas cov nplooj ntoo. Tom qab kev suav, peb tau txais Hash 0 thiab Hash 1, uas yog hu ua niam txiv nodes lossis tsis-nplooj nodes ntawm hashs ntawm L1, L2, L3, thiab L4.

Thaum kawg, qhov hash ntawm Hash 1 thiab Hash 2 yog xam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, thiab peb mus txog lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yog lub hauv paus Merkle. Los ntawm qhov piv txwv no, peb nkag siab tias cov ntoo Merkle ua haujlwm los ntawm hashing me nyuam nodes ntau zaus kom txog rau thaum ib qho hash tseem nyob hauv cov qauv.

Txoj kev no, tsob ntoo Merkle qhia koj raws nraim seb qhov kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas cov cag ntoo xwb. Merkle hauv paus yog khaws cia rau hauv lub block header, ua rau nws tamper-pov thawj thiab txhim khu kev ntseeg thiab kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv ib tug decentralized ledger. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov ntoo Merkle siv ib txoj kev hash muaj nuj nqi thiab yuav txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum qhov kev sib cais no cais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov tsim nyog ntawm Merkle ntoo rau blockchain

Tam sim no peb tau tham txog dab tsi tsob ntoo Merkle yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas, tsuas yog qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog nkag siab tias vim li cas nws tseem ceeb rau blockchain. Ntau qhov zoo ntawm Merkle tsob ntoo ua rau nws tsim nyog rau blockchain thev naus laus zis thiab txawm tias crypto platforms. Qee qhov txiaj ntsig no yog:

Thaum nws los txog rau kev hloov pauv, suav, thiab hla cov ntaub ntawv, tsis pub ncua sijhawm. Qhov no yog vim li cas ntau blockchain siv Merkle tsob ntoo kom lub network tsis muaj kev ncua sij hawm thaum hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev txo cov cim xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj qhov kev ncaj ncees thiab siv tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, Merkle ntoo dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm blockchain.

Hauv Bitcoin blockchain, uas yog ib qho kev faib tawm P2P, tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis sib xws lossis txawm tias cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv vim tias tib cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv txhua lub computer txuas nrog P2P network. Hauv qhov no, tsob ntoo Merkle ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov miners los txheeb xyuas txhua yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb lossis cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam.

Yog tias tsis siv lub tswv yim no, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xa mus rau thoob plaws lub network, ua rau lub network qeeb, txo qis kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov nuj nqis tsis tsim nyog. Xws li qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem zam tau nrog kev pab los ntawm Merkle ntoo, uas tso cai rau kev tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ceev nrog cov tswv yim suav nrog lub zog thiab bandwidth.

kawg xav

Merkle ntoo suab zoo li lub tswv yim nyuaj, tab sis lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm blockchain technology thiab cryptocurrencies. Yog tsis muaj lub neej ntawm lub tswv yim no, yuav tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab siv hauv Bitcoin, Ethereum, thiab mining.

Cov lus nug:

Q1. Merkle ntoo tau tsim los ua kom tiav dab tsi?
Lub Merkle tsob ntoo tau tsim los ua cov txheej txheem rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kom cov khoos phis tawj ua haujlwm sai dua.
Q2. Dab tsi yog qhov kev sib txuas ntawm tsob ntoo Merkle thiab Ethereum?
Merkle tsob ntoo yog ib hom blockchain qauv uas yog qab tsis tsuas yog Ethereum tab sis kuj Bitcoin thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm crypto mining. Txawm li cas los xij, Ethereum siv qhov hloov pauv ntawm tsob ntoo Merkle, feem ntau hu ua Merkle Patricia tsob ntoo.
Q3. Yuav ua li cas siv tsob ntoo Merkle
Txhawm rau siv Merkle ntoo, ib qho yuav tsum pib nrog cov ntoo binary, uas txhua qhov tsis-nplooj node yog tus hash ntawm ob tus menyuam nodes. Cov nplooj no tuaj yeem muaj cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov hash cov ntaub ntawv.
Q4. Dab tsi yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm tsob ntoo Merkle?
Ua ib lub teeb pom kev zoo uas ua rau kom muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv hauv blockchain, Merkle tsob ntoo tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tsim nyog thiab yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Ob tus miners thiab cov neeg siv tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm tsob ntoo Merkle, raws li nws txheeb xyuas ib qho ntawm cov blocks, tshawb xyuas kev lag luam siv hashs, thiab tseem suav hashs thaum lawv tau txais kev lag luam.