Raws li ib tug tsis ntev los no daim ntawv, Suav cov kws tshawb fawb tau lees tias tau tshawb pom ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los rhuav tshem Rivest-Shamir-Adleman 2048 ntsis (RSA-2048) kos npe algorithm tam sim no hauv blockchains thiab lwm yam kev ruaj ntseg raws tu qauv. RSA yog cov txheej txheem cryptographic uas siv tus yuam sij pej xeem los encrypt cov ntaub ntawv thiab tus yuam sij ntiag tug los txiav txim siab nws.
Ua txhaum RSA-2048 algorithm xav tau, zoo ib yam li lwm cov algorithms hauv RSA cov lej tsev neeg, nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus lej nrog 617 tus lej lej thiab 2048 binary lej. Cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees tias nws yuav siv cov khoos phis tawj zoo tib yam 300 trillion xyoo los rhuav tshem RSA-2048 tus yuam sij encryption. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb Suav tau hais hauv lawv daim ntawv tias qhov encryption tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog quantum computer nrog 372 qubits, lossis ib chav tsev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ua tus tso cai rau kev suav lub zog.
Hauv kev sib piv, qhov tseeb IBM Osprey quantum computer muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm 433 qubits. Yav dhau los, cov kws tshaj lij tau suav tias kev tsim RSA-2048 nrog quantum computers siv quantum factoring txoj kev hu ua Shor's algorithm yuav yuav tsum tau 13,436 ib.
Tsis zoo li cov khoos phis tawj classic uas ua haujlwm ntawm 0 lossis 1, quantum computers siv cov khoom siv quantum uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub xeev tsis kawg ntawm qhov kub ntawm -273 ° C (-459.4 ° F), ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov kua roj cua txias. Yog li, lub quantum computer muaj peev xwm los qhia tawm tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem cryptographic thiab sim lawv txhua lub sijhawm, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov ntsuas hnub qub.
Raws li American cryptographer Bruce Schneier, Suav cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias muaj tag nrho "classical lattice txo factoring cov tswv yim nrog quantum approximate optimization algorithm" uas ua tiav 48-ntsis tus lej siv 10-qubit quantum computer. Schneier tau hais tias "Thiab thaum muaj ib txwm muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ntsuas qee yam zoo li no los ntawm ib qho ntawm 50, tsis muaj teeb meem pom tseeb," Schneier hais.
Tus kws tshaj lij kev ruaj ntseg Roger Grimes ntxiv:
"Zoo li qhov tshwm sim yog lwm tus txiv leej tub uas yav dhau los tshaj tawm tias nws muaj peev xwm ua txhaum kev cai asymmetric encryption siv cov khoos phis tawj classic ... tab sis cov neeg tshuaj xyuas pom qhov tsis zoo hauv nws cov txheej txheem thiab tus txiv neej ntawd yuav tsum thim nws daim ntawv. Tab sis pab neeg Suav no pom tau tias cov kauj ruam uas tua tag nrho cov khoom tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj me me quantum. Yog li lawv tau sim thiab nws ua haujlwm. "
Schneier tseem ceeb toom tias cov algorithm cia siab rau a tsis ntev los no factoring ntawv sau los ntawm Peter Schnorr, qhov twg nws cov algorithm ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov khoom me me, tab sis poob sib nrug ntawm qhov loj dua, tsis muaj kev piav qhia. Schneier tau sau tias "Yog li yog tias nws muaj tseeb tias daim ntawv Suav nyob ntawm Schnorr cov txheej txheem no uas tsis ntsuas, cov txheej txheem hauv daim ntawv Suav no yuav tsis ntsuas, ib qho," Schneier sau.
"Feem ntau, tus thawj koom ruam ntse yog ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab tsis ua haujlwm. Tab sis muaj ib hnub, qhov twv yuav raug yuam kev. "
Quantum computers kuj raug txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm xws li kev poob cua sov thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm -273 ° C (-459.4 ° F) cua txias infrastructure. Yog li, tus naj npawb ntawm nominal qubits yuav tsum tau hloov pauv cryptographic algorithms yog qhov zoo tshaj qhov kwv yees kwv yees.
Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau ua li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau lwm qhov RSA-2048 raws tu qauv siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, xws li HTTPS, email, web browsing, ob-factor authentication, thiab lwm yam. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin yav tas los tau hais nws. Lub hom phiaj mus sij hawm ntev muaj xws li ua rau blockchain quantum resistant. Txoj kev xav, qhov no suav nrog forking lub network los siv qhov kev txiav txim siab dua encryption algorithm uas yuav xav tau ntau dua qubits kom tawg.
Cointelegraph editor Jeffrey Albus tau pab txhawb rau zaj dab neeg no.
Tau qhov twg los: https://cointelegraph.com/news/quantum-computers-may-soon-breach-blockchain-cryptography-report