Powering the Decentralized Economy- Commissioned by W3BCLOUD

Executive Summary

Tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab uas tswj hwm hauv internet niaj hnub no, blockchain thev naus laus zis sawv cev rau txoj hauv kev rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab nrog kev ntseeg siab, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, censorship-resistance, thiab kev tso cai tsawg dua. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib tawm blockchain qia tsis yog los ntawm nws tus qauv cryptographic nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov qauv kev txhawb siab rau kev khiav hauj lwm cov khoom siv hauv computer faib ua cov lus qhia hauv nws cov algorithm.

• Cov kev cai xam tshwj xeeb rau cov nodes hauv txhua lub blockchain yog nyob ntawm kev ua raws li nws qhov kev pom zoo. Pov thawj-ntawm-ua haujlwm (PoW) & pov thawj-ntawm- ceg txheem ntseeg (PoS) yog ob txoj kev pom zoo tshaj plaws uas siv niaj hnub no. Ob leeg xav tau qhov tseem ceeb "lub ntiaj teb tiag" kev nqis peev los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thaiv kom tau txais txiaj ntsig thaiv thiab sau cov nqi sib pauv.
• Mining nodes rau PoW blockchains (xws li Bitcoin) sib tw rau txoj cai los tawm tswv yim tshiab block raws li kev suav lub zog muaj rau txhua qhov chaw mining. PoW mining toj roob hauv pes muaj kev sib tw hnyav - ua rau PoW mining kev ua haujlwm muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig. Lwm cov kev pabcuam niche hauv PoW mining sector suav nrog cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, cov pas dej mining thiab tig-key miner hosting.
• PoS block producers (validators) feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo (stake) peev uas tuaj yeem txeeb tau (slashed) los ntawm cov txheej txheem rau ua txhaum txoj cai kev pom zoo. Cov txheej txheem xaiv PoS validator yog ywj siab ntawm kev suav lub zog yog li, cov khoom siv kho vajtse uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau PoS chains feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv txee, piv rau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb (ASIC) kho vajtse tsim nyog rau Bitcoin block ntau lawm.
• Muab qhov kev lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qee qhov tam sim no PoS chains txawm li cas los xij, PoS validator cov cai yuav suav nrog 24/7 uptime, siab internet bandwidth & kev ua haujlwm tshaj lij thiab kev saib xyuas (O&M) - lossis pheej hmoo slashing nplua.
• Cov kws tshaj lij staking cov tswv lag luam thiab cov kua staking derivatives aiming kom yooj yim & derisk cov txheej txheem staking rau cov neeg siv kawg tau pom qhov tseem ceeb saws.
• Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tham txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws blockchain scaling solutions: sidechains, optimistic rollups & state/payment channels. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tau txheeb xyuas ntau lub koom haum koom nrog hauv txhua qhov, qhov uas yuav tsum tau kho vajtse feem ntau zoo ib yam li lawv cov Layer-1 nodes.
• Ib qho tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau cov saum toj no yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj raws li xoom-paub (ZK) cov pov thawj, qhov twg cov pov thawj yuav xav tau ASICs (lossis FPGAs) nyob ntawm hom ntawv pov thawj siv tau (STARK vs. SNARK) thiab rollup architecture (xws li validium, volition, thiab lwm yam. .)
• ZK-rollup qhov chaw yog nascent, tab sis muaj kev zoo siab heev nyob ib ncig ntawm ZK-raws li technologies raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm scaling blockchains, thaum khaws cia cov neeg siv kev ceev ntiag tug - ib qho tseem ceeb coj los rau hauv lub tsom teeb tsis ntev los no tau muab OFAC cov lus txiav txim txog Tornado Cash raws tu qauv.
• Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no tham txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho vajtse decentralization rau ob qho tib si PoW / PoS chains. Cov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb suav nrog kev nruab nrab ntawm ASIC cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm ob peb, loj, cov tuam txhab mining ua lag luam uas tswj hwm PoW mining.
• Rau PoS chains centralization ntawm node infrastructure los ntawm cov kev pabcuam hosting, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kua staking derivatives & lub hauv paus ntawm PoS validators ntxiv rau lawv cov peev txheej hauv cov koom haum tswj hwm uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam censorship-tiv taus.

© 2022 The Block Crypto, Inc. Tag Nrho Cov Cai. Kab lus no tsuas yog muab ua kev qhia nkaus xwb. Nws tsis yog muab los yog npaj rau siv raws li kev cai lij choj, se, peev, nyiaj txiag, lossis lwm yam kev qhia.