Cryptography yog txheej txheem ntawm encoding cov ntaub ntawv txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tau tso cai. Nws siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv xws li encryption, hashing, kos npe digital, thiab cov txheej txheem sib pauv tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg ntawm ob tog. Cryptography tau siv ntau pua xyoo thiab nws txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov pauv kev nyab xeeb toj roob hauv pes.
Keeb kwm
Cryptography tau ua ib feem ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm rau ntau pua xyoo. Nws ntseeg tau tias muaj keeb kwm nyob hauv Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, qhov chaw sau ntawv yog thawj zaug siv los tiv thaiv cov lus los ntawm kev poob rau hauv tes tsis raug. Cov hieroglyphs siv los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv tau xav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cryptography.
Nyob rau hauv 400 BC, Spartan warriors siv lub cipher los sib txuas lus tsis pub lwm tus paub lus thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog. Txoj kev no koom nrog hloov txhua tsab ntawv hauv cov lus nrog lwm tsab ntawv los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv; Piv txwv li, 'A' yuav raug hloov nrog 'D' thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, encryption tau siv dav los ntawm cov tub rog cov tswv yim thiab cov neeg sawv cev los khaws lawv cov phiaj xwm zais cia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Johannes Trithemius tau tsim ib tug polyalphabetic cipher uas tau siv los encrypt cov lus kom txog thaum nws tawg los ntawm Charles Babbage nyob rau hauv 1854.
Txij thaum ntawd los, cryptography tau txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus thiab dhau los ua nyuaj dua li kev siv thev naus laus zis. Niaj hnub no, nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cybersecurity thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom nyab xeeb thiab nyab xeeb. Nws yog siv los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev, xws li cov lej credit card, passwords, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag. Cryptography kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov kos npe digital, uas yog siv los txheeb xyuas tus kheej ntawm tus neeg ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qee lub tshuab lossis tes hauj lwm.
Cryptography tau los ntev heev txij li thaum nws tseem ntxov thiab nws tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom peb cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nyab xeeb. Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, cryptography zoo li yuav nyob twj ywm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cybersecurity rau ntau xyoo tom ntej.
Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm blockchain technology, raws li nws yog lub hauv paus mechanism siv los xyuas kom meej cov ntaub ntawv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ncaj ncees. Nws muab lub hauv paus rau kev ntseeg siab uas ua rau blockchain hloov pauv. Cov kos npe digital tsim los ntawm cryptography kuj muab lub hauv paus rau kev pom zoo algorithms, uas yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov nodes ntawm lub network pom zoo rau tib version ntawm qhov tseeb.
Symmetrical thiab asymmetric encryption nyob rau hauv cryptography
Symmetric encryption, tseem hu ua private-key encryption, yog hom cryptography uas siv tib tus yuam sij rau ob qho tib si encrypt thiab decrypt cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv encryption algorithms nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv xws li kev ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus thiab kos npe digital.
Hauv symmetric encryption, tus yuam sij cryptographic tau sib koom ntawm ob tog. Tus neeg xa ntawv siv tus yuam sij los encrypt cov lus thiab tus txais siv nws los txiav txim siab nws. Hom kev encryption no kuj yooj yim rau kev siv tab sis xav kom ob tog muaj kev nkag mus rau tib tus yuam sij, uas tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev tswj xyuas kom ruaj ntseg.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, asymmetric encryption, los yog pej xeem-key cryptography, yog ib qho kev xaiv rau symmetric encryption. Hauv hom kev cryptography no, ob tus yuam sij raug siv - tus yuam sij pej xeem thiab tus yuam sij ntiag tug. Tus neeg xa khoom siv tus neeg txais kev pabcuam pej xeem tus yuam sij los encrypt cov lus thiab tus neeg txais siv lawv tus yuam sij ntiag tug los txiav txim siab nws. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau dua li kev sib koom ua ke, vim tias tus yuam sij ntiag tug tsis tau koom nrog leej twg.
Yuav ua li cas blockchain technology siv cryptography
1. Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain thev naus laus zis siv cryptography kom ruaj ntseg thiab taug qab kev sib pauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig digital tokens. Cov yuam sij cryptographic muab txoj hauv kev ruaj ntseg rau digitally kos npe rau kev lag luam, tso cai rau lawv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb kis thoob plaws hauv lub network blockchain thaum tiv thaiv kev siv nyiaj ob lossis tsis raug tso cai cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv.
2. NFTs: Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) yog cov cuab yeej digital tshwj xeeb uas siv cryptography los ua pov thawj cov tswv cuab thiab ua kom muaj tseeb. Txhua tus token tau kos npe kos npe siv lub elliptic nkhaus kos npe algorithm, uas ua rau nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim rau lwm tus los tsim ib qho token zoo tib yam thiab thov nws ua lawv tus kheej.
3. Metaverse: Hauv metaverse, cryptography yog siv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus kheej, tsim cov npe hauv av virtual, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev hloov khoom vaj khoom tsev ntawm cov neeg siv, thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv kev ua si lossis lwm qhov chaw virtual. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tus neeg siv tus kheej los ntawm cov txheej txheem encryption xws li pej xeem cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb (PKI), cov neeg siv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg yam tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm kev dag lossis kev ua phem tshwm sim ntawm lub platform nws tus kheej.
4 Defi: Decentralized nyiaj txiag (DeFi) yog siv los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ntse uas siv cov txheej txheem cryptography siab heev txhawm rau txhawm rau ua haujlwm nyuaj nyiaj txiag xws li kev lag luam hla kev lag luam lossis cov txheej txheem tswj dej hauv pas dej kom ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cryptography hauv ntiaj teb blockchain
1. Tsis pub twg paub: Cryptography yog siv nyob rau hauv blockchain los xyuas kom meej qhov tsis pub lwm tus paub ntawm kev pauv los ntawm encrypting cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev thiab tiv thaiv tsis txhob eavesdropping.
2. Kev ncaj ncees: Cryptographic algorithms yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau hauv blockchain. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab xyuas kom meej tias ib zaug ib qho thaiv tau ntxiv rau cov saw hlau, cov ntaub ntawv nws muaj tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
3. Authentication: Cryptography yog siv hauv blockchain los txheeb xyuas cov neeg siv thiab tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias. Qhov no ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov kos npe digital, uas txheeb xyuas tus kheej ntawm tus neeg xa khoom ntawm kev sib pauv thiab paub meej tias nws tsis tau raug cuam tshuam nrog.
4. Tsis-repudiation: Cryptography muab tsis-repudiation nyob rau hauv blockchain los ntawm tsim ib tug mus tas li, unalterable cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov muas. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib zaug ib qho kev hloov pauv tau ntxiv rau hauv blockchain, nws tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab lossis tsis lees paub, muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tamper pov thawj ntawm txhua yam dej num hauv lub network.
5. Kev pom zoo: Cryptography kuj tseem siv los pab txhawb kev pom zoo hauv blockchain tes hauj lwm. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev pom zoo algorithms, xws li Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm (PoW) thiab Pov Thawj ntawm Stake (PoS), lub network tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov blocks uas siv tau thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov saw, pab kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub network tag nrho.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cryptographic hash ua haujlwm rau blockchain
- Compact Representation: Hash functions tsim ib qhov ntev-ntev tso zis, uas tso cai rau kom txuag tau zoo thiab retrieval cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub blockchain. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias nws pab kom qhov loj ntawm blockchain tswj tau thiab xyuas kom meej tias nws tuaj yeem ntsuas tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv rau hauv lub network.
- Unpredictability: Cryptographic hash functions yog tsim los ua unpredictable, txhais tau hais tias nws yog computationally infeasible txiav txim siab input cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov zis hash. Qhov no yuav pab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm blockchain los ntawm kev ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov neeg tawm tsam los kwv yees cov zis thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv lub network.
- Txuas Blocks: Hash functions yog siv los txuas cov blocks ua ke hauv blockchain. Lub hash ntawm txhua qhov thaiv tau suav nrog hauv qhov thaiv tom ntej, tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov blocks uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv yam tsis raug kuaj pom.
drawbacks
1. Tus nqi siab: Cryptography yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kho vajtse thiab software uas yuav kim kim.
2. Kev nkag siab tsis yooj yim: Kev nkag siab txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv crypto txiaj algorithms tuaj yeem nyuaj, ua rau tib neeg siv lawv kom raug lossis daws cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim.
3. Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm Ntev: Kev nkag mus thiab decryption siv sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev dua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub network blockchain.
4. Cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb: Cryptography tsuas yog muaj kev nyab xeeb raws li cov txheej txheem siv thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, yog li yog tias muaj qhov tsis muaj zog hauv cov cheeb tsam no ces cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm blockchain tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm hackers lossis cov neeg ua phem saib xyuas lawv.
5. Tsis muaj Flexibility: Thaum ib qho encryption algorithm tau ua tiav ntawm blockchain, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim lossis hloov kho yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau tag nrho cov neeg siv ntawm lub network hloov kho lawv cov software raws li - qee yam uas feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tau vim muaj teeb meem kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntawv thov uas twb muaj lawm. los yog lwm yam kev cov nyom xws li tsis muaj peev txheej los yog kev txwv sij hawm.
daim ntawv sau npe
Cryptography yog siv nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw dua li blockchain. Cov no suav nrog:
1. Cov cuab yeej txawb: Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog siv los pab cov khoom siv txawb ruaj ntseg, tiv thaiv cov apps tsis zoo los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej lossis xa tawm cov lus tsis raug cai lossis hu xov tooj.
2. Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Tsoom fwv siv cryptography los pab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv sib cais, ua kom nws ruaj ntseg los ntawm tsoomfwv txawv teb chaws thiab cov neeg ua phem ua phem nrhiav kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rau lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj.
3. Cloud Computing: Cov chaw muab kev pabcuam huab siv cryptography txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv lawv cov servers, kom ntseeg tau tias tsuas yog cov neeg siv tau tso cai tuaj yeem saib lossis hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia - pab lawv tswj kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab thoob plaws hauv lawv lub network txhua lub sijhawm.
4. Digital Rights Management (DRM): Cryptography yog siv nyob rau hauv DRM los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab tiv thaiv tsis tau kev tso cai luam tawm thiab faib cov ntsiab lus digital xws li suab paj nruag, tsos, thiab e-phau ntawv.
5. E-lag luam: Cryptography yog siv hauv e-lag luam kom ruaj ntseg kev lag luam online thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv rhiab xws li credit card naj npawb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv kev dag ntxias thiab ua kom muaj kev ceev ntiag tug ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
xaus
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cryptography thiab blockchain thev naus laus zis muab lub hauv paus rau kev ruaj ntseg zoo kawg thiab muaj txiaj ntsig digital infrastructure uas yuav hloov lub ntiaj teb xyoo tom ntej. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau tsim, cryptography yuav txuas ntxiv ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm blockchain tes hauj lwm, pab kom lawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab. Nws kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj cib fim tshiab thiab siv cov xwm txheej uas peb tseem tsis tau xav txog. Lub peev xwm tsis muaj kev txwv.
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.cryptopolitan.com/history-of-cryptography-blockchain-networks/