Cov tokens tsis-fungible (NFT cov) yog, thaum kawg, ib daim ntawv ntawm digital media. Thiab ib yam li lwm cov xov xwm digital - los ntawm cov lus sau hauv Decrypt cov khoom rau YouTube yeeb yaj duab thiab streamed suab paj nruag-NFTs, nyob rau hauv lawv cov feem ntau yooj yim daim ntawv, muaj cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm 1s thiab 0s.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog NFT-los ntawm ntse ntawv cog lus nws nyob rau hauv qhov URL koj siv los saib nws rau daim duab nws tus kheej-thaum kawg boils mus rau 1s thiab 0s uas tau muab cia rau hauv lub computer.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua txoj kev khaws cia NFT tau tsim muaj vaj huam sib luag. Qhov tseeb, qee tus neeg tuav NFT yuav tsis muaj ntau tshaj qhov URL lossis tus lej cim cim. Yog li nws tsim nyog siv sijhawm los nkag siab tias NFT cia ua haujlwm li cas ua ntej koj xav txog kev yuav lossis ua NFT.
Ua ntej peb dhia dej, cia peb saib qee lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- ?️ Cov servers-Ib tus neeg rau zaub mov yog lub computer, ib yam li qhov koj tau nyeem tsab xov xwm no. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li lub khoos phis tawj koj nyeem qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, cov servers muaj zog tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem khiav ntau yam kev pab cuam ib txhij. Ntawm lawv cov hauv paus, NFTs nyob thiab khaws cia rau ntawm cov servers.
- ? Hosting-Cov neeg feem coob tsis khiav lawv tus kheej cov servers yog li, txawm tias lawv paub nws lossis tsis paub, lawv cia siab rau lwm tus los muab kev pabcuam ntawd. Hosting hais txog kev sau cov kev pabcuam, suav nrog kev khaws cia, feem ntau khiav ntawm servers. Tag nrho NFTs tau tuav ib qho chaw.
- ? Metadata-Metadata yog cov ntaub ntawv uas piav txog lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Metadata pab servers nrhiav, ua, thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua. Cov metadata ntawm NFT piav qhia cov yam ntxwv zoo li (rau PFP NFT) nws lub npe, xim, qhov loj, zoo li, hom kaus mom, hom iav, thiab lwm yam
- #️⃣ Hlo-Ib hash yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm cryptographic uas, muab qee qhov kev tawm tswv yim, tsim cov khoom siv tib lub sijhawm. Ib qho hash feem ntau yog siv los encode thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab ua tau zoo. Ib qho NFT thiab tag nrho nws cov metadata tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv ib qho hash. Txhawm rau kom tau txais tes ntawm kev paub nrog hashing, kos tawm no hash generator.
- ? Daim ntawv cog lus ntse- Cov ntawv cog lus ntse yog encoded cov lus qhia uas nyob ntawm blockchain. Lawv yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm cov ntawv thov kev ncaj ncees (dapps), suav nrog feem ntau NFTs. Cov cai rau minting thiab sib pauv NFTs nyob hauv cov ntawv cog lus ntse.
On-chain vs off-chain cia
Khaws ib qho NFT ntawm-chain txhais tau tias tag nrho NFT-cov duab thiab tag nrho nws cov metadata-muaj nyob rau ntawm ib qho blockchain. Hloov pauv, off-chain khaws NFTs txhais tau hais tias qee lossis feem ntau ntawm NFT khaws cia sab nraum blockchain.
On-chain cia yuav zoo dua vim nws txhais tau hais tias cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas txhua yam ntawm NFT. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb txoj haujlwm NFT xaiv rau txoj kev khaws cia no.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho uas ua Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yooj yim - JPEG cov duab muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov dluab muaj nyob rau hauv collections ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm ntau txhiab los yog kaum txhiab.
Yog li ntawd, feem ntau NFT tej yaam num xaiv khaws cov duab tiag tiag tawm ntawm cov saw hlau. Ntau qhov kev paub zoo NFT cov haujlwm zoo li CryptoPunks thiab Bored Ape Yacht Club xaiv rau kev cia khoom tawm.
Centralized vs decentralized hosting
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm off-chain cia, NFT lub ntse daim ntawv cog lus muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas taw qhia rau ib co off-chain qhov chaw uas qhov tseeb NFT JPEG duab khaws cia. Feem ntau, cov duab NFT thiab nws cov metadata tau muab khaws cia rau hauv hash.
Qhov hash no yog siv los taw qhia rau tus neeg muab kev pabcuam hauv nruab nrab lossis kev faib tawm.
Piv txwv ntawm cov chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv nruab nrab suav nrog Amazon thiab Google. Centralized hosting cov chaw zov me nyuam khiav cov servers uas khaws 1s thiab 0s uas ua rau NFT.
Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov chaw muab kev pabcuam hauv nruab nrab yog tias (txawm tias tsis zoo li) lawv tuaj yeem kaw txhua lub sijhawm thiab tus tswv NFT yuav ploj. Txhua tus tswv yuav raug tso nrog yog, qee zaum, raws li qhov yooj yim hash uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntse.
Tias yog vim li cas ntau txoj haujlwm xaiv los siv cov kev daws teeb meem los tswj hwm lawv cov NFTs. Qhov kev daws teeb meem tshaj plaws yog los tuav NFT cov ntaub ntawv ntawm InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). IPFS yog ib qho kev faib ua phooj ywg-rau-peer network uas cov ntaub ntawv tau khaws cia thoob plaws ntau lub nodes, ua rau lawv tiv taus ib qho kev tsis ua haujlwm xws li teeb meem server.
Thaum NFTs khaws cia rau hauv IPFS tsis yog muab khaws cia rau ntawm cov saw hlau, lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb dua vim tias IPFS yog censorship-resistant; tsis muaj ib lub koom haum muaj hwj chim los kaw nws.
Nyob rau saum cov xov xwm crypto, tau txais kev hloov tshiab txhua hnub hauv koj lub inbox.
Tau qhov twg los: https://decrypt.co/resources/how-are-nfts-stored-on-chain-off-chain-and-decentralized-storage