Kab lus no tau luam tawm thawj zaug ntawm Dr. Craig Wright's blog, thiab peb rov luam tawm nrog kev tso cai los ntawm tus sau.
Abstract
Daim ntawv no tshawb txog cov kev xav thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab lawv daim ntawv thov rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li blockchain thiab automation technologies. Nws tshuaj xyuas cov kev xav ntawm Innovation Ecosystem, Koom Haum Kab lis kev cai, Qhib Innovation, Diffusion of Innovations, Disruptive Innovation, thiab Resource-Based View, qhia txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab txog cov teeb meem thiab cov cib fim nthuav tawm los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis. Daim ntawv qhia hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev sib txuas ntawm ecosystem kom muaj zog, tsim kom muaj kev coj noj coj ua tshiab, qhib kev tsim kho tshiab, nkag siab txog kev siv thev naus laus zis diffusion dynamics, leveraging cuam tshuam cov peev txheej, thiab siv cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig. Los ntawm kev koom ua ke cov kev xav no rau hauv cov tswv yim tswj kev tsim kho tshiab, cov lag luam tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv blockchain thiab automation technologies, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib tw, thiab tsav kev loj hlob mus ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua thiab kev hloov pauv tau yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom nrawm nrog cov thev naus laus zis hauv kev hloov pauv sai sai no.
keywords: Innovation Management, Blockchain, Automation, Innovation Ecosystem, Organizational Culture, Open Innovation, Technology Diffusion, Disruptive Innovation, Resource-based View.
Innovation Management thiab Strategy1
Introduction
Kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab yog qhov chaw muaj zog uas txhawb nqa thiab coj kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov koom haum. Txhawm rau taug qab cov toj roob hauv pes hloov pauv ntawm kev nce qib thev naus laus zis, cov lag luam yuav tsum nkag siab thiab siv cov kev xav thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau thaj chaw (Curley & Salmelin, 2017). Daim ntawv no tshawb txog cov kev xav tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tshwj xeeb yog blockchain, thiab automation.
Daim ntawv pib los ntawm kev sib tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ecosystem hauv kev tsav tsheb ua tiav kev tsim kho tshiab. Innovation Ecosystem Theory hais txog kev sib txuas ntawm kev lag luam, cov koom haum, thiab cov neeg koom nrog, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib koom tes (Fernandes & Ferreira, 2022). Kev nkag siab txog ecosystem dynamics dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv lub peev xwm ntawm blockchain thiab automation technologies.
Lub koom haum kab lis kev cai plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho tshiab. Lub Koom Haum Culture Theory tshuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev sib sau ua ke, thiab lub zog nyob deb thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau kev txhawb nqa kev coj noj coj ua tshiab (Çakar & Ertürk, 2010). Tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab koom nrog ib puag ncig txhawb kev sim thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm blockchain thiab automation.
Qhib Innovation Theory nyuaj rau cov kev xav ib txwm hais tias kev tsim kho tshiab tsuas yog tsav los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob. Hloov chaw, qhov kev xav no txhawb nqa cov tswv yim sab nraud thiab kev koom tes nrog cov kws tshaj lij, suav nrog kev kawm, kev pib ua haujlwm, thiab cov neeg sib tw (De Jong li al., 2008). Cov kev qhib tshiab tshiab no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho thiab nce qib blockchain thiab automation technologies.
Kev nkag siab txog qhov Diffusion of Innovations Theory yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua lag luam zoo thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Raws li blockchain thiab automation tseem tab tom tshwm sim, lawv txoj kev siv dav dav nyob ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev pom zoo, thiab kev lees paub kev coj noj coj ua. Cov tuam txhab uas nkag siab txog cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab ua lag luam cov thev naus laus zis no (Wang li al., 2019). Tsis tas li ntawd, Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm blockchain thiab automation los cuam tshuam kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev lag luam tshiab (Schmidt & Van Der Sijde, 2022). Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau ntu kev lag luam tsis saib xyuas, cov tuam txhab me tuaj yeem sib tw cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam. Qhov kev xav no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas blockchain thiab automation tuaj yeem hloov kho ntau yam haujlwm, tsav tsheb hloov pauv (Sáez & Inmaculada, 2020). Thaum kawg, Resource-Based View theory hais txog kev siv cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig kev sib tw. Los ntawm kev xa cov thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam nrog blockchain thiab automation, cov koom haum tuaj yeem siv lawv cov kev txawj ntse, cov cuab yeej txawj ntse, thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv loj los tsim cov tswv cuab algorithms lossis thev naus laus zis (Ho et al., 2022).
Daim ntawv no delves rau hauv cov kev xav no thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm blockchain thiab automation. Ua ntej, nws tshawb nrhiav seb cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem siv cov kev xav no los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, kev sib tw, thiab kev loj hlob zoo. Cov ntu tom ntej no yuav nthuav dav txhua txoj hauv kev, tshuaj xyuas nws cov hauv paus, kev siv tau zoo, thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov tswv yim tswj kev tsim kho tshiab. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cov kev xav no, cov koom haum tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab tso lawv tus kheej ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab (Rehman Khan li al., 2022). Daim ntawv xaus lus los ntawm kev sib cav tias kev nkag siab txog cov kev xav no thiab lawv daim ntawv thov rau blockchain thiab automation yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov koom haum nrhiav kev vam meej hauv kev lag luam tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis.
Ntu 1 - Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab
Innovation tswj lub tswv yim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov koom haum los ntawm kev muab cov txheej txheem thiab lub hom phiaj rau kev txhawb nqa thiab coj kev tsim kho tshiab hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Nws encompasses ntau yam tseem ceeb rau cultivating ib tug kab lis kev cai ntawm innovation thiab tsav lub koom haum kev loj hlob. Daim ntawv no tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa thiab txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab (Dombrowski li al., 2007).
Ua ntej thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab tau zoo pib nrog lub zeem muag pom tseeb thiab cov hom phiaj zoo. Qhov no suav nrog kev qhia txog lub koom haum lub hom phiaj kev tsim kho tshiab, kev ntshaw, thiab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas hom kev nrhav tshiab nrhiav, xws li cov khoom lag luam, txheej txheem, lossis kev lag luam qauv kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab qhia txog qhov chaw tsom mus rau cov tswv yim, lub koom haum tuaj yeem ua raws nws cov kev siv zog kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tshiab. Tsim kom muaj kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kab lis kev cai thiab ua kom muaj kev coj noj coj ua zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tshiab (George et al., 2012). Tsim ib puag ncig uas txhawb nqa thiab muab nqi zog rau kev muaj tswv yim, kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev sim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa cov neeg ua haujlwm kom xav sab nraud. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev coj noj coj ua yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa lub suab, txhawb cov txheej txheem tshiab, faib cov peev txheej tsim nyog, thiab txhawb kev sib koom tes thiab qhib kev ua haujlwm (Martins & Terblanche, 2003).
Kev faib cov peev txheej yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tshiab. Kev faib cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb, suav nrog nyiaj txiag, sijhawm, thiab cov txuj ci, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov phiaj xwm tshiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog thiab saib xyuas. Ntxiv mus, thaum ua ke nrog cov peev txheej los tshawb txog cov tswv yim tshiab, muab sijhawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tso cai rau cov koom haum nthuav tawm lawv lub peev xwm tshiab thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej (Nagji & Tuff, 2012).
Kev tsim tswv yim thiab kev tswj hwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab. Tsim cov txheej txheem los ntes, ntsuas, thiab ua ntej cov tswv yim los ntawm ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no yuav koom nrog kev cob qhia cov tswv yim tsim tawm, siv cov kev qhia tawm tswv yim, siv cov kev pabcuam pejxeem, lossis siv cov kev tswj xyuas tshiab (Zahra & Nambisan, 2012). Cov cuab yeej no pab tswj lub tswv yim pipeline, pab txhawb kev sib koom tes, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov tswv yim tshiab yog siv tau zoo thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib qhia paub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab. Kev txhawb nqa kev sib koom tes sib koom tes thiab pab txhawb kev sib pauv tswv yim, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim kho tshiab. Kev sib txuas lus tsis tu ncua, pab pawg tsim kho tshiab, thiab kev sib koom ua ke tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm sib qhia kev nkag siab, sib koom tes ntawm cov haujlwm, thiab siv cov kev txawj ntse ua ke. Kev sim thiab kev ua qauv tsim ua lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab (Davila li al., 2012). Cov koom haum tuaj yeem sim thiab kho cov tswv yim tshiab los ntawm kev tsim qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau kev sim ua ntej kev ua tiav tag nrho. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua no tso cai rau kev kawm los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav, txo qis kev pheej hmoo, thiab ua kom muaj kev txhim kho tshiab uas tuaj yeem tsav kev loj hlob thiab kev sib tw kom zoo dua.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, ib tug zoo innovation tswj lub tswv yim encompasses ntau yam ntsiab lus los txhawb thiab txhawb lub koom haum innovation (De Jong li al., 2008). Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas lub zeem muag thiab lub hom phiaj, tsim kom muaj kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev tsim kho tshiab, faib cov peev txheej, siv cov tswv yim tsim thiab kev tswj hwm, txhawb kev sib koom tes thiab kev paub sib qhia, thiab txhawb kev sim thiab ua qauv, cov koom haum tuaj yeem qhib lawv lub peev xwm tshiab thiab ua txoj hauv kev rau kev vam meej hauv kev lag luam. kev lag luam hloov zuj zus mus sai heev (Nagji & Tuff, 2012).
Ntu 2 – Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev txhim kho tas mus li
Kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua yog coj los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tsim los ntawm nws txoj hauv kev. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov koom haum nrhiav kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Cov ntawv sau no yuav tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsav lub koom haum ua tau zoo (Teece, 2010, 2019). Ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv yog Kaizen (Berger, 1997). Muab los ntawm cov lus Nyij Pooj, Kaizen txhais tias "hloov rau qhov zoo dua" lossis "kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv" (Prayuda, 2020). Nws hais txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua kom tsis tu ncua, kev txhim kho ntxiv. Txoj hauv kev no txhawb nqa txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm los pab txhawb kev txhim kho, txhawb kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev kawm txuas ntxiv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab thoob plaws hauv lub koom haum.
Kev daws teeb meem yog lwm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv. Nws koom nrog kev txheeb xyuas thiab daws cov teeb meem thiab cov teeb meem. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no hais txog kev siv cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem, suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas hauv paus, hauv kev nkag siab txog cov teeb meem hauv qab no thiab tsim cov kev daws teeb meem (de Mast & Lokkerbol, 2012). Cov koom haum tuaj yeem daws teeb meem rov tshwm sim dua thiab tiv thaiv lawv qhov rov tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv. Nws tso siab rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab pov thawj los tsav cov txheej txheem txiav txim siab. Cov koom haum sau thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej, cov qauv, thiab thaj chaw rau kev txhim kho (VanStelle li al., 2012). Cov ntaub ntawv-tsav txoj hauv kev no pab txiav txim siab paub, saib xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev txhim kho kev pib, thiab txheeb xyuas lwm qhov kev txhim kho. Kev tawm tswv yim thiab kev sib koom tes yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv. Qhib kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib koom tes tau txhawb nqa thoob plaws txhua theem ntawm lub koom haum. Nrhiav kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam muab kev nkag siab zoo thiab cov tswv yim rau kev txhim kho. Kev sib koom tes pab txhawb nqa ntau yam kev xav thiab kev paub dhau los los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kom zoo (Cross li al., 2010).
Standardization thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tas mus li. Standardization suav nrog tsim cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem sib xws hauv lub koom haum. Cov koom haum tuaj yeem txo qhov sib txawv thiab ua kom zoo ib yam thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li tus qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug, vim nws ua rau kev sib qhia kev paub thiab rov ua cov kev txhim kho kom zoo thoob plaws hauv lub koom haum (Gephart et al., 1996). Kev txhim kho tas mus li tseem hais txog kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob. Nws txhawb nqa cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev kawm tas mus li, qhov twg cov tib neeg thiab pab pawg raug txhawb kom tsim cov txuj ci tshiab, tau txais kev paub, thiab nyob twj ywm tshiab nrog kev lag luam tiam sis. Kev kawm thiab kev tsim kho kev pib ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev txhim kho thiab txhawb lub koom haum innovation.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev txhim kho tas mus li yog coj los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov koom haum nrhiav kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov ntsiab cai no suav nrog Kaizen, kev daws teeb meem, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev tawm tswv yim thiab kev sib koom tes, kev tsim qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev kawm thiab kev txhim kho (Gephart et al., 1996). Los ntawm kev lees txais cov ntsiab cai no, cov koom haum tuaj yeem tsim cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv, ua rau kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab kev vam meej mus ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho tas mus li tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm ib zaug xwb tab sis yog ib qho kev txuas mus ntxiv, kev sib tw. Nws suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, teeb tsa lub hom phiaj kev txhim kho, siv cov kev hloov pauv, ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig, thiab pib txhim kho ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua no pab cov koom haum hloov pauv hloov pauv kev lag luam, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, zoo, thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab, thiab nyob twj ywm kev sib tw hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam (Bhuiyan & Baghel, 2005).
Ntu 3 – Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab
Innovation Management encompasses ob peb qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb rau cov koom haum siv zog los txhawb thiab tsav innovation. Tsab ntawv no yuav nthuav dav rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no thiab qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev paub tam sim no uas nthuav qhia cov sijhawm rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev nkag siab ntxiv (Mohr & Sarin, 2009). Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev tsim kho tshiab yog innovation ecosystems. Cov ecosystems no suav nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov koom haum, suav nrog cov tuam txhab, cov tsev kawm qib siab, thiab tsoomfwv cov koom haum, sib koom tes ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab. Thaum kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim kho tshiab ecosystems tau loj hlob nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau qhov tseem yuav kawm txog seb cov ecosystems ua haujlwm li cas thiab cov koom haum sib txawv hauv lawv cuam tshuam li cas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab ecosystems tau zoo tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, nrog rau kev nkag siab txog qhov muaj zog thiab cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib koom tes.
Qhib innovation yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsom xam. Nws tawm tswv yim rau kev nkag mus thiab tawm ntawm kev paub txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev tsim kho tshiab thiab tsim kev lag luam rau kev siv sab nraud ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tshawb fawb loj heev ntawm kev qhib kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov tuam txhab loj, tsawg dua paub txog dab tsi ntawm cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab (SMEs) tuaj yeem koom nrog kev qhib tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog kev qhib kev tsim kho tshiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig lossis tsoomfwv cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm txoj hauv kev rau kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej (Chesbrough, 2003).
Lub koom haum kab lis kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb lossis txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus tsim tau zoo, yeej ib txwm muaj chaw rau kev nkag siab ntau dua. Piv txwv li, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tus cwj pwm tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm nyob deb tau lav kev tshawb nrhiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov koom haum tuaj yeem tswj hwm kab lis kev cai muaj tswv yim thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov lossis hloov pauv sai yog thaj chaw uas yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv (Mumford et al., 2002). Thaum kawg, digital innovation tau hloov pauv qhov kev tsim kho tshiab. Nkag siab txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim digital piv rau kev tsim ib txwm muaj, nws qhov cuam tshuam rau cov qauv kev lag luam, thiab cov tswv yim tswj kom zoo yog txhua qhov chaw siav rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev kawm. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tuaj yeem muab cov kev nkag siab zoo rau cov koom haum taug kev hauv lub sijhawm digital (Yukl, 2008).
Qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm sustainability thiab innovation yog ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm kev txaus siab. Nrog kev paub txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem ib puag ncig, kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas kev tsim kho tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev vam meej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev tshawb fawb txog eco-innovation, cov qauv kev lag luam ruaj khov, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv kev txhawb lossis cuam tshuam kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev daws cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb. Kev ntsuas kev tsim kho tshiab yog qhov kev sib tw tsis tu ncua rau kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab (Tamayo-Orbegozo li al., 2017). Kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab kev ntsuas los ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav innovation tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txaus siab. Kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tu ncua thiab kev ua kom zoo tuaj yeem muab cov koom haum nrog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas kev siv zog tshiab.
Thaum kawg, kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab suav nrog ntau thaj chaw uas lav kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev nkag siab ntxiv (Del Vecchio li al., 2018). Los ntawm kev hais txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev paub hauv kev tsim kho ecosystems, qhib kev tsim kho tshiab, kev coj noj coj ua tshiab thiab kev coj noj coj ua, digital innovation, sustainability thiab innovation, thiab innovation ntsuas thiab ntsuas, cov koom haum tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv cov peev xwm tsim kho tshiab thiab taw qhia cov kev hloov pauv hloov tshiab (Papadonikolaki li al., 2022. ).
Ntu 4 - Tshawb nrhiav cov hauv kev hauv Blockchain Systems thiab Automation
Siv blockchain systems thiab automation los txhim kho kev lag luam kev ua tau zoo thiab txo kev poob yog qhov nthuav dav uas muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tswv yim cuam tshuam nrog cov thev naus laus zis no, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem koom ua ke rau hauv lawv cov kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg. Tshooj lus no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv kom nkag siab txog lawv txoj kev siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo (Papadonikolaki li al., 2022).
Kev tswj cov saw khoom muag sawv tawm raws li ib qho kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis. Los ntawm leveraging blockchain, tuam txhab uas muag tuaj yeem ua tiav pob tshab, traceability, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv lawv cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv blockchain hla ntau hom khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm blockchain ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem rau nws txoj kev saws me nyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no (Rehman Khan li al., 2022).
Cov ntawv cog lus ntse muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau kev ua lag luam automating txheej txheem thiab txo cov kev poob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev dag lossis yuam kev. Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej siv hluav taws xob sib hloov (EDI) cov tshuab no suav nrog cov lus cog lus ncaj qha rau hauv txoj cai (Law, 2017). Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov lus nug tseem ceeb txog lawv txoj cai lij choj, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tshwj xeeb uas lawv tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tuaj yeem pom qhov pom ntawm cov yam no, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev cog lus ntse hauv ntau lub ntsiab lus (Sklaroff, 2017).
Lub tswv yim ntawm decentralized thiab ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia yooj yim los ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm hloov pauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lag luam yuav tsum tshawb xyuas qhov kev lag luam tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia thiab kev ceev ntiag tug. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb yog xav tau los txhim kho lub moj khaum thiab cov tswv yim zoo los tswj cov kev xav no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua raws li cov cai tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv blockchain rau cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia (A. Kumar li al., 2020).
Raws li kev lag luam ntau dua siv cov tshuab blockchain, qhov xav tau rau kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tshuab no tau tshwm sim ntau dua. Kev tshawb fawb muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov qauv, cov txheej txheem, thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev ua tiav blockchain interoperability (A. Kumar li al., 2020; N. Kumar, 2020). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam tuaj yeem pab cov koom haum soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev koom ua ke blockchain systems thoob plaws ntau lub platform thiab tes hauj lwm.
automation technologies, suav nrog blockchain, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab tshem tawm ntau lub luag haujlwm. Vim li ntawd, cov lag luam yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov kev hloov pauv no thiab muab lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov txuj ci tsim nyog rau yav tom ntej (Børing, 2017). Kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev nkag siab tias cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li cas rau kev hloov pauv no, ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv tau zoo thiab muab kev taw qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj xav hauv kev hloov pauv txoj haujlwm.
Kev siv zog ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg ua haujlwm pov thawj-ntawm-kev pom zoo ua haujlwm zoo li Bitcoin, tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv rau lub zog cuam tshuam ntawm blockchain systems yog qhov tsim nyog los soj ntsuam lawv cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho lub zog ua haujlwm. Cov koom haum tuaj yeem txais cov thev naus laus zis blockchain los ntawm kev daws cov kev txhawj xeeb no thaum txo qis lawv cov hneev taw ecological (Sarkodie & Owusu, 2022).
Kev siv cov tshuab blockchain thiab automation nthuav tawm cov sijhawm zoo siab rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab txo qis (Ho li al., 2022). Los ntawm kev siv zog tshawb fawb tsom mus rau kev tswj cov saw hlau, cov ntawv cog lus ntse, cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia thiab kev ceev ntiag tug, kev sib koom ua haujlwm, kev hloov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab kev siv zog thiab kev ruaj khov, cov koom haum tuaj yeem nkag siab tob rau kev siv cov thev naus laus zis thiab lawv cov kev cuam tshuam mus ntev rau ntau yam kev lag luam. (A. Kumar et al., 2020; V. Kumar & Raheja, 2012).
Ntu 5 – Lub hom phiaj tom qab kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv
Innovation tswj kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ua kev siv cov blockchain systems thiab automation los txhim kho kev lag luam thiab txo qis (Attaran, 2020). Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm, cov koom haum tuaj yeem tau txais kev nkag siab zoo rau kev siv cov thev naus laus zis no hauv ntau qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab qhia txog kev npaj tswv yim thaum tshawb xyuas kev ua lag luam. Nkag siab txog qhov muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam thiab kev sib tw zoo ntawm blockchain thiab automation tuaj yeem coj mus rau cov lag luam sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev npaj ua haujlwm zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb pab cov lag luam nrhiav cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis no, suav nrog kev xaiv cov thev naus laus zis zoo, tswj cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, thiab kho cov thev naus laus zis nrog rau tag nrho cov tswv yim lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai (Cabrera et al., 2001). Thaum kawg, kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo yog lwm qhov chaw uas kev tshawb fawb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov lag luam tuaj yeem tsim cov tswv yim txo qis los daws cov thev naus laus zis, kev cai lij choj, kev tswj hwm, thiab kev pheej hmoo ua lag luam los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog blockchain thiab automation (Mendling li al., 2018).
Innovation tswj kev tshawb fawb qhia txog lub peev xwm rau kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog. Blockchain ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev faib tawm cov ntaub ntawv sib koom, txhawb nqa tib neeg thiab cov zej zog. Thaum ua tib zoo xav, automation tuaj yeem tso tib neeg lub sijhawm rau kev ua ub ua no muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tshawb fawb qhia cov kev pib no los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los koom nrog ntau tus neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab nkag siab txog kev cuam tshuam hauv zej zog ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no (Mohr & Sarin, 2009). Cov neeg tsim cai lij choj thiab cov neeg tswj hwm kuj tso siab rau kev tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab txog txoj cai thiab kev tswj hwm cuam tshuam txog blockchain thiab automation. Kev tshawb fawb pab lawv nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam dav ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, xws li lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm, kev faib nyiaj tau los, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev siv tau ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb pom yuav nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub koom haum lossis kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog. Kev tshawb fawb kev kawm yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav nrog kev pom los ntawm cov kws kho mob, cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev lag luam, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam kev paub. Kev kawm txuas ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias blockchain thiab automation technologies hloov zuj zus sai, ua kom cov koom haum nyob twj ywm nrog cov kev txhim kho tshiab thiab nkag siab txog lawv qhov cuam tshuam (Mohr & Sarin, 2009).
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tswj hwm tshiab muab kev nkag siab zoo rau cov koom haum thiab kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog nrhiav kev siv zog blockchain systems thiab automation (Anceaume li al., 2017). Los ntawm kev xav txog cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, cov lag luam tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev npaj tswv yim, kev siv, kev saws me nyuam, kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev xav txog kev cuam tshuam hauv zej zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab txog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab ntxiv kev tshawb fawb kev kawm nrog rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev paub kom ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hloov pauv no.
Ntu 6 – Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov
Kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua tsom rau qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv ntau qhov chaw. Thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub tuam txhab kev sib txuas rau nws cov ecosystem ntawm nws cov peev txheej tshiab. Nws pom tias cov tuam txhab cog qoob loo uas muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj li cov neeg tsim khoom noj ib txwm muaj, qhia tias cov koom haum kev lag luam, tsoomfwv, thiab lwm cov tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ecosystem los txhim kho kev tsim kho tshiab thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau cov tswv yim tswj kev lag luam tshiab tsom rau kev sib tham thiab kev sib koom tes (Youtie li al., 2023).
Qhov kev tshawb fawb thib ob tau tshawb xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum kab lis kev cai hauv kev tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm, thaum kawg cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tshiab. Nws hais txog kev tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa thiab koom nrog kev coj noj coj ua los txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab. Cov kev tshawb pom qhia tias cov koom haum yuav xav rov xav txog lawv cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev tswj hwm kev coj noj coj ua los txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm ntau tus neeg-centric innovation tswj cov tswv yim (Zhang et al., 2023).
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tau tsim qhov kev tshawb fawb thib peb, tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab lwm yam kev tsim kho tshiab. Kev tshuaj xyuas tau pom tias kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv tshiab yog kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau txheeb xyuas ntau qhov chaw rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej, suav nrog kev xav, kev txhais, thiab kev ntsuas ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab nws cov neeg tsav tsheb, kev ua ntej, thiab lub luag haujlwm ua tus neeg nruab nrab / tus neeg saib xyuas sib txawv. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab li cas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab cuam tshuam nrog lwm hom kev tsim kho tshiab. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov tswv yim zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tswj hwm tshiab (Henao-García & Cardona Montoya, 2023).
Cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb no muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tshiab. Lawv tuaj yeem txhawb kev hloov pauv mus rau kev sib koom ua ke los txiav txim siab ntau yam, xws li kev sib txuas hauv ecosystem, kev coj noj coj ua, thiab kev tswj hwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem txhawb kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv thaj chaw tsis tau tshawb nrhiav, tsav kev nce qib hauv thaj chaw. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev nkag siab no, cov koom haum tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab, txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev sib tw (Tiwari, 2022).
Part 7 – Mus cuag innovation thiab technology
O'Sullivan thiab Dooley (2008) tsom mus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov koom haum. Cov kws sau ntawv hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab rau hauv lub tuam txhab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kab lis kev cai. Cov kws sau ntawv tshawb nrhiav ntau lub tswv yim thiab cov cuab yeej los txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab, suav nrog kev tsim tswv yim, tsim kev xav, tsim qauv, thiab kev sib koom tes. Lawv hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim ib puag ncig txhawb kev sim, kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev kawm los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav. O'Sullivan thiab Dooley hais ntxiv tias kev tsim kho tshiab yuav tsum tsis txwv rau cov chaw haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis cov tib neeg tab sis yuav tsum koom nrog txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm thoob plaws lub koom haum. Lawv hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev coj noj coj ua thiab tsim kom muaj lub hom phiaj meej thiab kev ntsuas los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab.
Forcadell thiab Guadamillas (2002) muab cov ntaub ntawv kawm txog kev siv lub tswv yim tswj kev paub txog kev tsim kho tshiab. Qhov no tshawb nrhiav yuav ua li cas cov koom haum tuaj yeem siv kev paub txog kev tswj hwm kev coj noj coj ua los txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov tuam txhab kev sib tw ntsib thaum txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab thiab qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas kev tswj hwm kev paub ua hauv cov txheej txheem no. Lawv hais ntxiv tias kev tswj hwm kev paub zoo tuaj yeem pab tsim, sib qhia, thiab siv kev paub hauv ib lub koom haum, ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim kho tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb nthuav tawm qhov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm lub koom haum siv lub tswv yim tswj kev paub uas txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab. Nws tham txog cov kauj ruam uas tau ua, xws li txheeb xyuas thiab khaws cov kev paub txog, kev teeb tsa thiab kev faib tawm, thiab ua rau nws nkag mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thoob plaws lub tuam txhab.
Txoj haujlwm no hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kab lis kev cai uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib koom tes, nrog rau kev xav tau kev txhawb nqa kev coj noj coj ua los txhawb kev siv lub tswv yim. Lawv kuj tseem hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm thev naus laus zis hauv kev txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm kev paub, suav nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej rau kev sib qhia kev paub, kev sib koom tes, thiab kev kawm. Kaplan (1998) tshawb txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim kho tshiab thiab nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov kev xav tshiab thiab kev coj ua hauv kev tswj hwm. Los ntawm kev hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo nrog kev tshawb fawb nruj kom tsav kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev tswj hwm, Kaplan sib cav hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb ib txwm ib leeg yuav tsis txaus los daws cov teeb meem kev tswj hwm thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm, uas koom nrog kev siv thiab sim cov tswv yim tshiab hauv ntiaj teb tiag. kev teeb tsa, tuaj yeem muab cov kev nkag siab zoo thiab ua rau kev txhim kho cov kev xav tshiab thiab kev coj ua. Kev tshawb fawb sau tseg tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj txawj ntse yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsav tsheb tshiab los ntawm kev koom tes hauv kev sim, kev kawm, thiab kev hloov pauv. Kaplan qhia tias cov thawj tswj hwm uas qhib rau cov tswv yim tshiab thiab txaus siab rau kev pheej hmoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov kev tswj hwm tshiab.
Part 8 – Theories of innovation strategy
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ib qho "txoj kev xav tseem ceeb" ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab, thaj chaw tau txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev nkag siab. Nov yog qee qhov tseem ceeb:
- Innovation Ecosystem Theory: Qhov kev tshawb xav no pom tau tias lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm tsim kho tshiab tau cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov kev sib txuas hauv cov ecosystem loj ntawm cov neeg koom nrog, suav nrog lwm cov lag luam, tsoomfwv, thiab cov koom haum kev lag luam (Arenal li al., 2020; Asplund li al., 2021; Dodgson et al., 2013; Nylund et al., 2021). Txawm hais tias qhov kev xav no tsis muaj ib tus tsim tshwj xeeb, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim thiab piav qhia lub tswv yim hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim kho tshiab ntau xyoo. Nws qhia tias lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm tsim kho tshiab tau tsim los ntawm nws cov kev sib txuas rau lub network dav lossis "ecosystem" ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab, cov koom haum, thiab cov neeg muaj feem. Hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, qhov kev xav no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom tes, kev sib koom tes, thiab kev sib koom ua lag luam hauv kev tsav tsheb tshiab.
- Lub Koom Haum Kab lis kev cai txoj kev xav: Qhov kev xav no qhia tias cov koom haum kab lis kev cai xws li kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev sib sau ua ke, thiab lub zog nyob deb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm tshiab. Psychological kev nyab xeeb thiab kev sib sau ua ke feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev tsim kho tshiab, thaum lub zog siab nyob deb (ib kab lis kev cai hierarchical) tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo (Kwantes & Boglarsky, 2007; Lee li al., 2019; Schneider et al., 2013). Ib yam li ntawd, qhov kev xav no yog qhov khoom ntawm kev koom tes los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb dhau sijhawm. Nws pom zoo tias kab lis kev cai ntawm ib lub koom haum - nws txoj kev ntseeg sib koom, qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev coj ua - tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub koom haum lub peev xwm los tsim kho tshiab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus kev lag luam niaj hnub no, cov tuam txhab tau tsom mus rau kev txhawb nqa cov kab lis kev cai uas txhawb kev muaj tswv yim, kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev sib koom tes ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab.
- Open Innovation Theory: Qhov kev xav no, tawm tswv yim los ntawm Henry Chesbrough, qhia tias cov tuam txhab muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsum siv cov kev xav sab hauv thiab sab nraud thiab txoj hauv kev rau kev lag luam thaum lawv nrhiav kev txhawb nqa lawv cov thev naus laus zis (de Jong li al., 2010; van de Vrande li al., 2010). Henry Chesbrough (2003) tawm tsam cov kev xav ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab uas tau tsav los ntawm sab hauv R & D, es tsis txhob hais tias cov lag luam yuav tsum siv cov tswv yim sab hauv thiab sab nraud thiab txoj hauv kev los txhawb lawv cov thev naus laus zis. Niaj hnub no, ntau lub tuam txhab siv txoj hauv kev no, koom tes nrog cov kws tshawb fawb sab nraud, cov neeg siv khoom, lossis txawm tias cov neeg sib tw los tsav kev tsim kho tshiab.
- Diffusion of Innovations Theory: Qhov kev xav no, tsim los ntawm Everett Rogers, piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas, dhau sijhawm, ib lub tswv yim lossis cov khoom lag luam tau txais lub zog thiab nthuav dav (lossis kis) los ntawm cov pej xeem lossis kev sib raug zoo (Rogers, 2010). Everett Rogers tau tsim ib txoj kev xav los piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas kev tsim kho tshiab kis tau los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm. Cov lag luam niaj hnub no siv txoj kev xav no los coj lawv cov tswv yim kev lag luam thiab kev saws me nyuam, pab kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov kev tsim kom ncav cuag cov neeg tuaj saib ntau li ntau tau.
- Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab: Tshaj tawm los ntawm Clayton Christensen, qhov kev xav no qhia tias lub tuam txhab me me uas muaj peev txheej tsawg tuaj yeem ua tiav cov lag luam tsim muaj los ntawm kev tsom mus rau ntu ntawm kev lag luam uas tau raug tsis saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam, feem ntau vim tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thaum lub sijhawm (Christensen li al., 2006; Liversidge, 2015; Si & Chen, 2020). Clayton Christensen (2004) tau qhia ib txoj kev xav los piav qhia tias cov tuam txhab me me, muaj peev txheej tsawg npaum li cas tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov lag luam tsim los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov lag luam tsis saib xyuas. Niaj hnub no, qhov kev xav no tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam uas qhov kev pib ua haujlwm tau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, xws li Uber hauv kev thauj mus los thiab Airbnb hauv kev tos txais qhua.
- Resource-Based View (RBV): Qhov kev xav no pom tau tias qhov kev sib tw zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tuam txhab pov tseg (Barney & Arikan, 2005; Mele & Della Corte, 2013). Jay Barney thiab Birger Wernerfelt (Lazonick, 2002) pom tias kev sib tw kom zoo dua yog qhov feem ntau ntawm kev siv ib pob khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tuam txhab pov tseg. Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, cov tuam txhab tau tsom ntau dua li yav dhau los ntawm kev siv lawv cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm, txawm tias cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj ntse, lossis cov cim npe muaj zog, los tsim kho tshiab thiab ua tiav kev sib tw.
Kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab yog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev xav thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas ua rau peb nkag siab. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog Innovation Ecosystem Theory (Arenal li al., 2020), uas qhia txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub tuam txhab kev sib txuas hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam txog nws lub peev xwm tshiab (Oh li al., 2016). Lub Koom Haum Kab lis kev cai txoj kev xav qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev sib sau ua ke tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm tshiab. Qhib Innovation Theory cov neeg tawm tswv yim siv cov tswv yim sab hauv thiab sab nraud thiab txoj hauv kev los txhim kho thev naus laus zis. Diffusion of Innovations Theory piav qhia txog cov tswv yim lossis cov khoom lag luam sib kis los ntawm cov pejxeem lossis kev sib raug zoo. Disruptive Innovation Theory qhia tias cov tuam txhab me tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov neeg ua lag luam los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov lag luam tsis pom zoo. Thaum kawg, Resource-Based View Theory tsom rau kev siv cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev sib tw kom zoo dua (Barney & Arikan, 2005). Kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab suav nrog kev siv thiab sib txuas cov kev xav no los txhawb cov tswv yim tshiab thaum ntsuas kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm.
Ntu 9 - Siv cov kev xav rau kev qhia txog blockchain thiab automation
Kev siv cov kev xav no ncaj qha rau kev nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam. Tshwj xeeb, cov kev xav no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm blockchain thiab automation (Dash li al., 2019), ua rau pom kev hloov pauv uas yuav tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam vim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no. Innovation Ecosystem Theory hais txog tias blockchain thiab automation technologies tsis yog tsim los yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sib cais. Hloov chaw, lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub ecosystem loj dua uas suav nrog cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis, cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag, cov koom haum tswj hwm, thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab siv kev sib raug zoo hauv cov ecosystem no.
Lub Koom Haum Kab lis kev cai txoj kev xav qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kab lis kev cai uas txhawb kev sim thiab zam tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm blockchain thiab automation technologies. Muab qhov tshiab thiab tsis yooj yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, txhawb kev coj noj coj ua uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo thiab kev sim tuaj yeem nyiam cov txuj ci siab tshaj plaws thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv cov cheeb tsam no (Beaulieu & Reinstein, 2020).
Open Innovation Theory qhia tias cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm nrog blockchain thiab automation technologies tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov kws tshaj lij sab nraud, xws li kev kawm, kev pib ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis, thiab cov neeg sib tw. Kev sib koom tes, xws li kev sib koom ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, kev sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv, lossis kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntawv thov tshiab, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej. Diffusion of Innovations Theory (Rogers, 2010) lees paub tias kev siv dav dav ntawm blockchain thiab automation nyob ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev pom zoo, thiab kev lees paub. Kev nkag siab txog cov kev hloov pauv no tso cai rau cov tuam txhab ua lag luam zoo rau cov thev naus laus zis no thiab tsav lawv qhov kev pom zoo thiab kev saws me nyuam hauv kev lag luam.
Disruptive Innovation Theory qhia txog lub peev xwm rau blockchain thiab automation los cuam tshuam ntau yam kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev lag luam tshiab (Brintrup li al., 2020). Piv txwv li, blockchain muaj peev xwm los hloov pauv kev lag luam nyiaj txiag los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov neeg nruab nrab, thaum automation tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev txo qis kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm.
Resource-Based View (RBV) qhia txog kev siv cov peev txheej muaj nyob hauv blockchain thiab automation kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo sib tw. Piv txwv li, cov tuam txhab uas muaj cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse, lossis kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv loj tuaj yeem siv cov txiaj ntsig no los tsim cov tswv cuab blockchain algorithms lossis automation technologies uas muaj kev ua tau zoo lossis kev ua haujlwm zoo (Barney & Arikan, 2005).
Hauv kev xaus, cov kev xav no muab cov kev xav muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev nkag siab txog cov teeb meem thiab cov hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau hauv cov tuam txhab lag luam, suav nrog blockchain thiab automation (Sandner li al., 2020). Los ntawm kev siv cov kev xav no, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov kev tsim kho tshiab hauv toj roob hauv pes zoo dua thiab ua haujlwm rau lawv tus kheej rau kev sib tw kom zoo dua hauv cov toj roob hauv pes thev naus laus zis sai.
xaus
Hauv kev xaus, kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho tshiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim uas muab kev nkag siab zoo rau kev siv thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, xws li blockchain thiab automation, hauv kev lag luam (Wang li al., 2018). Cov kev sib tham, suav nrog Innovation Ecosystem Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Open Innovation Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Disruptive Innovation Theory, thiab Resource-Based View, muab lo ntsiab muag kom nkag siab txog cov teeb meem thiab cov cib fim nthuav tawm los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no.
Los ntawm kev lees paub qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ecosystem, tuam txhab lag luam tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib koom tes tsim nyog los ua tiav kev siv blockchain thiab automation technologies. Cultivating ib lub koom haum kab lis kev cai uas txhawb kev sim, kev pheej hmoo, thiab kev zam txim rau kev ua tsis tiav tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib puag ncig uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov haujlwm no. Qhib innovation (van de Vrande et al., 2010) txoj hauv kev, suav nrog kev koom tes nrog cov kws tshaj lij sab nraud, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txhim kho thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis no. Nkag siab txog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev cuam tshuam kev tsim kho tshiab tuaj yeem coj cov lag luam hauv kev lag luam zoo thiab siv blockchain thiab automation. Kev siv cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li kev txawj ntse lossis cov tswv cuab algorithms, tuaj yeem muab kev sib tw kom zoo dua hauv cov toj roob hauv pes hloov zuj zus.
Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cov kev xav no rau hauv lawv cov tswv yim tswj kev tsim kho tshiab, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv nyob ntawm qhov ua ntej ntawm kev nce qib hauv blockchain thiab automation technologies (Rehman Khan li al., 2022). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev nkag siab tau muab los ntawm cov kev xav no muab cov lus qhia siv tau rau cov lag luam nrhiav kev siv cov thev naus laus zis los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, kev sib tw, thiab kev loj hlob zoo. Raws li kev lag luam hloov zuj zus mus, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm tsis tu ncua yog tsim nyog los ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov qauv tshiab thiab kho cov kev coj ua tshiab. Los ntawm kev lees txais cov kev xav zoo li no thiab hloov mus rau cov kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis, cov koom haum tuaj yeem tso lawv tus kheej rau kev vam meej hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam nce ntxiv thiab muaj zog.
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CEEB TOOM:
[1] Cov ntaub ntawv kuv tab tom sau cia txuas ntxiv PowerPoint thiab pab kom nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm.
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