Puas yog ZK-Rollups Qhov Kawg Ntawm Blockchain's Scaling Solution Puzzle?

Scalability tau ntev tau pom tias yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas ntsib kev siv cov blockchain loj. Txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub network tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau yam raws li cov thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam nrog Bitcoin, Ethereum thiab nws cov neeg sib tw ntau heev, tau ntau xyoo kev lag luam thoob plaws kev daws teeb meem rau "qhov teeb meem scalability" tau pom los ntawm qee qhov yuav tsis yooj yim li Moby. Dick. 

Lub suab paj nruag tau pib hloov pauv, ua tsaug ntau rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li Solana, Polkadot, Avalanche thiab Terra, uas feem ntau hu ua "Ethereum killers" vim lawv qhov kev lees paub ceev ceev thiab txaus siab rau cov nqi roj tsawg. Kev tuaj txog ntawm cov lwm yam kev tes hauj lwm no tshuav ntau npaum li cas rau DeFi boom ntawm 2020, thaum muaj kev thov rau NFTs thiab dApps nyob rau hauv lem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm blockchain platforms muaj peev xwm tuav lub ntim tom qab Ethereum ntaus nws lub peev xwm.

Scalability Arms haiv neeg

Txaus los hais qhov teeb meem scalability tau raug daws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Solana, piv txwv li, siv qhov kev pom zoo ua ke nrog Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Keeb Kwm thiab kev coj ua ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Byzantine Fault Tolerance hu ua Tower BFT. Ua ke, cov kev tsim kho tshiab no pab Solana zog txog 65,000 kev hloov pauv ib ob (tps). Polkadot, lub sijhawm no, siv sharding, cov txheej txheem uas cais cov saw hlau hu ua "parachains" ntawm nws tus kheej txuas mus rau lub ntsiab Relay Chain thiab ua cov khoom sib txuas raws li lawv tus kheej txoj cai. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov saw tseem ceeb, Polkadot tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1 lab tps raws li tus tsim Gavin Wood.

Txawm hais tias zoo li tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam pib ntawm Ethereum lub nroog, lub tuam txhab kev cog lus ntse muaj nws tus kheej vaunted cov phiaj xwm los daws qhov teeb meem scalability uas tau txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam nws qhov kev rov ua dua tam sim no vim DeFi tawg. Qhov kev cia siab ntev Ethereum 2.0 kev hloov kho yog npaj los daws 100,000 tps, txawm hais tias feem coob ntawm kev hloov pauv tau xav tias yuav tau ua haujlwm tawm ntawm cov saw hlau los ntawm ZK-Rollups, cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm thiab tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Piav raws li "txheej txheej 2 kev tsim kho uas ua rau kom muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv los ntawm kev hloov pauv huab hwm coj mus rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam," ZK-Rollups txo qis kev suav thiab khaws cov peev txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua kom siv tau cov blocks, los ntawm kev txo cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ua tau los ntawm cryptographic xoom-paub pov thawj (ZKPs), uas yog ib tog neeg tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias lawv paub lossis muaj qee yam yam tsis tau tso tseg cov ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi yog lawv paub los yog muaj. 

Vim tias cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo li no (SNARKs) tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tau tam sim, lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ntsuas tau zoo xws li kev nkag mus thiab kev ua kom muaj peev xwm thaum txo cov nqi pauv rau cov neeg siv.

Lucas Vogelsang, Co-founder thiab CEO ntawm Ethereum-powered DeFi platform Centrifuge tau hais tias "Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pov thawj tsis paub yog tias lawv nyob me me txawm tias cov haujlwm uas tau txheeb xyuas nrog lawv loj hlob tuaj," txaus nyiam txawm tias blockchains lawv tus kheej ntsuas ntau dua. "

Vogelsang yog ntau tshaj li me ntsis paub txog cov tshuab. Centrifuge, uas qhib cov khoom lag luam rau lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag los ntawm tokenizing lawv li NFTs, tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom siv zog ZKPs hauv lawv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam ua tsaug rau kev koom ua ke nrog ZoKrates, lub thawv rau zkSNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge). Los ntawm tapping rau hauv xoom-paub pov thawj, Centrifuge enables tag nrho cov kev lag luam thoob plaws nws lub network kom muab zais tag nrho los ntawm lwm tus neeg sab nrauv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev, xws li koj cov tswv cuab ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug, piv txwv li, tsis raug nthuav tawm rau pej xeem thaum minting NFT uas sawv cev rau cov cuab tam no.

Ethereum txoj kev hloov mus rau ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg pov thawj-ntawm- ceg txheem ntseeg (PoS) qauv, ua ke nrog kev siv lub zog txuag ZK thev naus laus zis, tsis tuaj yeem ua raws sijhawm. Lub lim tiam no, tus lwm thawj coj ntawm European Securities thiab Markets Authority tau thov kom muaj pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm (PoW) system kom txwv tag nrho. Erik Thedèen tau hais kom EU cov tswj hwm txhawm rau txhawm rau PoW mining tam sim no siv los ntawm Bitcoin thiab Ethereum tes hauj lwm thiab txhawb PoS hloov.

ZK-Rollups tuaj yeem nce NFT Chaw?

Centrifuge tsis yog tsuas yog NFT tsom Ethereum qhov project siv ZK tech. Ib qho ntxiv, Immutable X, tau tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab-2 scaling kev daws teeb meem uas ua ke nrog NFT cov kev sib pauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj nrog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tsim los ntawm kev ua tiav platform StarkWare. 

Lub tom kawg lub tswv yim scalability engine, StarkEx, ua rau Sydney-based blockchain gaming venture kom nthuav dav qhov kev thov ntawm NFT kev lag luam, uas tau raug liam tias zoo li lub vaj vaj huam sib luag vim yog cov nqi sib pauv skyrocketing. Vim tias tag nrho cov kev lag luam tau muab faib tawm ntawm cov saw hlau, Immutable X cov neeg siv tuaj yeem mint thiab pauv NFTs pheej yig thiab sai, yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ruaj ntseg lossis kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua lag luam NFT network Ethereum. Nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm ua tiav txog 9,000 tps ntawm zero-zero nqi roj, Immutable X cia siab tias yuav txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub ntau rau cov tub luam, cov neeg sau khoom thiab cov tsim tawm.

"ZK-Rollups yog nyob deb ntawm txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ntsuas cov kev lag luam siab dhau los thaum tseem tau txais kev ruaj ntseg ntawm L1," hais tias Immutable X Co-Founder thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Robbie Ferguson, "Peb tau pom ntau tus nqi poob los ntawm hacks. ntawm sidechains lossis lwm L1s xyoo no, yog li qhov no yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tiag tiag rau cov haujlwm thiab kev ua si tsim NFTs.

"Kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau NFTs thoob plaws kev ua si, cov khoom sib sau tau thiab IP tau ua kom cov kev daws teeb meem txav los ntawm cov vitamin mus rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lub sijhawm peb muaj qhov kev ua si loj tshaj plaws mus rau tag nrho ntawm NFTs, lawv yuav swamp tas li ntawm NFT kev lag luam ntim ua ke, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom muaj kev daws teeb meem uas raug nqi xoom hauv roj rau kev tsim lossis kev lag luam ntawm cov cuab tam no. "

Interestingly, Immutable X's zkSTARKs cov pov thawj txawv me ntsis ntawm cov lus hais saum toj no zkSNARKs counterparts. Cov ntawv pov thawj loj dua qub txhais tau tias lawv siv sijhawm ntev dua los txheeb xyuas thiab yog li xav tau roj ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, StarkWare tau txais $ 12 lab nyiaj pab los ntawm Ethereum Foundation thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm kev lag luam mus rau kev daws teeb meem.

Tau kawg, Ethereum tsis yog tib lub blockchain uas tau nqis peev ntau hauv ZK tech. Polygon, lwm lub Hoobkas ntawm NFT mania, tsis ntev los no tau txais Ethereum scaling startup Mir Protocol rau $ 400 lab, siv nws cov peev hauv ZK txog li $ 650m txij thaum Lub Yim Hli, 2021. Lub Polygon-focused ZK Rollup yog xav tias yuav tsaws tom qab xyoo no. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj Syscoin, lub network uas qhia txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Bitcoin, Ethereum thiab ZK tech.

Syscoin's Network-Enhanced Virtual Machine (NEVM) yeej ua ke cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam xiav riband blockchains. Kev teeb tsa tau ruaj ntseg los ntawm Bitcoin tus qauv pov thawj-ntawm-ua haujlwm (PoW) kev ruaj ntseg qauv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke-mining thiab devs tuaj yeem xa cov ntawv cog lus ntse siv cov cuab yeej EVM paub thiab cov peev txheej uas lawv tau ua rau siv thaum ua haujlwm hauv Ethereum ib puag ncig.

Kev siv ZK-Rollups ntawm Syscoin txhais tau hais tias lub network yuav muaj peev xwm ua tiav 210,000 kev hloov pauv hauv ib ob los ntawm Q1 ntawm 2022. DeFi platform Mute twb tau npaj los siv rollups ntawm Syscoin's NEVM, raws li nws siv zog los tsim kom muaj kev ceev ceev, tsom mus rau tus kheej. nyiaj txiag suite.

"Tsis yog txog thaum muaj txiaj ntsig quantum suav tuaj txog kuv puas pom lwm hom kev ua tiav thev naus laus zis uas yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li cov pov thawj tsis paub," kwv yees Syscoin's CTO Jagdeep Sidhu.  

"Nrog peb txoj kev nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas, peb tab tom ua ib txoj hauv kev los tsim kev lag luam ntawm nplai. ZK-Rollups tshem tawm lub fwj hauv cov tshuab zoo li no los ntawm kev rho tawm ntau dua ntawm kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ASICs ua haujlwm tau zoo dua qub (cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas xav tau rau kev tshawb nrhiav cryptocurrency) xoom-paub pov thawj cov tshuab tau tsim los txiav cov nqi suav ntxiv. " 

Kev xav txawv

Pom tseeb, ZK-Rollups tab tom ua qhov kev xav loj hauv ntiaj teb blockchain. Tab sis Ethereum tus tsim Vitalik Buterin tau hais kom ceev faj, hais nws txoj kev ntseeg tias nws yuav "yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab tshawb xyuas rau tib neeg kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo khaws lawv cov khoom muaj nqis hauv ZK-Rollup."

Sidhu yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, "Thaum kawg, cov neeg siv kawg yuav feem ntau yuav nyob ntawm qee yam ntawm ZK-Rollup system uas lawv qhov kev daws teeb meem yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv feem ntau thiab lawv yuav siv Web3 daim ntawv thov yam tsis muaj kev paub txog kev siv tshuab ua. txhua yam ua tau, tsis txawv ntawm koj cov neeg siv smartphone nruab nrab hnub no. "

Thaum nws los txog rau ZK-Rollups, muaj kev nkag siab dav dav tias peb tsuas yog nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Kev nthuav dav dav yog qhov yuav muaj kev sib tw hnyav heev raws li kev sib koom tes thiab kev daws teeb meem thiab kev sib cav sib ceg rau kev ua lag luam, tab sis cov neeg siv thaum kawg yuav yog cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li kev nkag mus, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev yooj yim txhim kho.