Kev ruaj ntseg ruaj Trail of Bits tau tshaj tawm a daim ntawv qhia ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm vulnerabilities uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau Bitcoin (BTC) thiab Ethereum (ETH) blockchain. Hu ua "Puas Blockchains Decentralized?", daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau txais nyiaj los ntawm US Department of Defense los ntawm nws Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (DARPA).
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Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog tsom rau Bitcoin thiab Ethereum tab sis mus rau lwm qhov blockchain-raws li platforms siv Pov Thawj-of-Work (PoW) thiab Pov Thawj-of-Stake (PoS) thiab Byzantine Fault Tolerant kev pom zoo raws li kev cai dav dav.
Kev tshawb nrhiav xaus lus tias cov network 'cryptographic Cheebtsam no yog "roj teeb", thiab thov cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg muaj nyob hauv kev siv blockchain, thiab kev pom zoo raws cai. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub tuam txhab kev ruaj ntseg ntseeg tias blockchain tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis tias cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas txhawb nqa lawv muaj zog.
Trail of Bits tuaj txog ntawm cov lus xaus hauv qab no thaum lawv tshawb xyuas: Bitcoin, Ethereum, thiab lwm yam blockchains muaj "cov koom haum tsim nyog" nrog lub hwj chim los hloov lawv cov kev lag luam, tsis muaj kev nkag mus, cov nodes khiav qub "poob" software, thiab lwm yam.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, tsab ntawv ceeb toom hais tias blockchain tes hauj lwm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm tawm tsam thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam sab nraud. Tshwj xeeb, lawv tau taw qhia tias tam sim no blockchain tes hauj lwm tsis muaj "Sybil nqi" txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem "yooj yim" tawm tsam:
Rau ib qho blockchain kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, yuav tsum muaj tus nqi hu ua Sybil. Tam sim no tsis muaj kev paub txog kev siv Sybil cov nqi hauv qhov tsis muaj kev tso cai blockchain zoo li Bitcoin lossis Ethereum yam tsis muaj kev siv lub hauv paus ntseeg siab thib peb (TTP) Kom txog rau thaum lub tswv yim los tswj cov nqi Sybil yam tsis muaj TTP raug pom, nws yuav luag tsis muaj kev tso cai blockchains rau ua kom txaus siab decentralization.
Needless hais, lub zej zog crypto tau tsis lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom no. Ob lub cryptocurrencies loj dua los ntawm kev lag luam cap BTC thiab ETH tau tsim los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, pob tshab, thiab qhib lub tshuab. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev sib tw pib hais tias lawv tau ua tsis tiav hauv qhov ntawd.
Puas yog Bitcoin Thiab Ethereum Tiag Decentralized?
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb vim nws qhov kev tshawb pom, qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov lus xaus, thiab vim tias nws tau txais nyiaj los ntawm US Pentagon, cov thawj coj hauv lub tebchaws no tau hais lus tawm tsam rau kev lag luam crypto thiab cryptocurrencies.
CTO thiab Co-founder ntawm Swan Bitcoin Yan Pritzker thiab nws Tus Thawj Coj Tomer Strolight txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tuaj txog ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. Lawv cov lus sib cav tau txhawb nqa ntawm Bitcoin tias "feem ntau blockchains yog lub hauv paus rau qhov sib txawv (…)".
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Pritzker thiab Strolight kev tshawb fawb Trail of Bits thov ib qho los ntawm ib qho. Ua ntej, lawv tau hais tias Bitcoin tsis muaj "kev tsim cai ntawm cov koom haum" muaj peev xwm hloov nws cov cai, vim nws yog tus neeg siv khiav cov nodes uas txiav txim siab seb software code lawv khiav. Lawv ntxiv:
Txawm hais tias peb tsom mus rau cov neeg siv khoom nyiam tshaj plaws Bitcoin, bitcoin-core, qhov kev thov tias plaub tus neeg tswj hwm qhov chaws kuj yog FALSE (…). Ntau lwm cov blockchains ntiav cov txheej txheem yuam kev hloov kho xws li Ethereum cov foob pob nyuaj. Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd, peb pom qhov kev thov kom muaj tseeb (…).
Tsis tas li ntawd, Pritzker thiab Strolight tau hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pas dej mining thiab miners los taw qhia tias yav dhau los tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub network, raws li DARPA-funded daim ntawv qhia hais tias. Ntawm BTC's Sybil attack tus nqi, daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias cov nram qab no ceeb toom yuav ua li cas lub cryptocurrency tau tsim nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov kev tawm tsam vector rau nws lub network:
Lub invention ntawm Nakamoto Consensus (xws li Bitcoin kev cia siab rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm rau qhov tseeb) yog cia li tsim los tiv thaiv Sybil tawm tsam. Satoshi xav kom txhua tus neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov thaiv, tab sis xaiv ib tus neeg siv ntawm random yuav qhib rau cov tib neeg ua piv txwv ua ntau tus neeg siv. Tab sis kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem raug dag (…).
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Thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv, BTC tus nqi sau tseg 3% hauv 24 teev dhau los thiab pauv ntawm $ 20,000.
Tau qhov twg los: https://bitcoinist.com/bitcoin-ethereum-flaws-this-pentagon-investigation/