Xyoo no, Kaum Hli Ntuj Tim 31 tau ua lub 14th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm ib daim ntawv dawb ntawm lub xyoo pua no - Satoshi Nakamoto's "Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System." Nws tau tshaj tawm xyoo 2008 "kev hloov pauv hauv kev nyiaj txiag" thiab "tau tshaj tawm lub sijhawm tshiab rau cov nyiaj, ib qho uas tsis tau muab nws cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm tsoomfwv cov lus txib tab sis tsis yog los ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse," raws li NYDIG ua kev zoo siab hauv nws tsab ntawv xov xwm Kaum Ib Hlis 4.
Ntau tus tsis paub, txawm li cas los xij, tias Satoshi cuaj-nplooj ntawv dawb tau ntsib nrog qee qhov kev tsis ntseeg thaum pib, txawm tias ntawm cov zej zog cypherpunk qhov twg nws xub tshwm sim. Qhov kev tsis txaus siab no tuaj yeem nkag siab tau txij li kev sim ua ntej los tsim cov cryptocurrency ua tsis tiav - David Chaum's Digicash kev rau siab hauv xyoo 1990, piv txwv li - lossis thaum xub thawj siab ib muag nws tsis pom tias Satoshi tau nqa dab tsi tshiab rau lub rooj hais txog kev siv tshuab.
"Nws yog technically muaj peev xwm los tsim Bitcoin nyob rau hauv 1994," Jan Lansky, lub taub hau ntawm lub department ntawm computer science thiab lej ntawm lub Czech koom pheej lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab kev tswj hwm, hais rau Cointelegraph, piav qhia tias Bitcoin yog raws li peb cov kev txhim kho uas muaj nyob rau ntawm. lub sijhawm ntawd: Merkle ntoo (1979), blockchain cov ntaub ntawv qauv (Haber thiab Stornetta, 1991) thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm (1993).
Peter Vessene, co-founder thiab tus thawj cryptographer ntawm Lamina1 - ib txheej-1 blockchain - ib txwm pom zoo: "Peb yeej yuav tau mining Bitcoin" nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, tsawg kawg yog los ntawm ib tug technical foundations, nws hais rau Cointelegraph. Qhov tsim nyog cryptography yog nyob rau hauv tes:
"Bitcoin's elliptic nkhaus tshuab yog nruab nrab-1980s thev naus laus zis. Bitcoin tsis xav tau ib qho hauv-band encryption zoo li SSL; cov ntaub ntawv yog unencrypted thiab yooj yim rau hloov. "
Satoshi qee zaum tau txais credit rau kev tsim lub Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm (PoW) raws tu qauv siv los ntawm Bitcoin thiab lwm yam blockchain tes hauj lwm (txawm hais tias tsis yog Ethereum lawm) kom ruaj ntseg cov ledgers, tab sis ntawm no ib yam nkaus thiab, nws muaj antecdents. "Cynthia Dwork thiab Moni Naor qhia lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm los tawm tsam spam hauv 1992," Vessene ntxiv.
PoW, uas tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv thwarting Sybil tawm tsam, tsim kom muaj tus nqi lag luam siab rau kev hloov pauv rau cov ntaub ntawv digital. Raws li piav qhia Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv 2017 ntawm Bitcoin lub hauv paus chiv keeb los ntawm Arvind Narayanan thiab Jeremy Clark, "Nyob rau hauv Dwork thiab Naor tus tsim, email neeg txais yuav tsuas yog cov emails uas tau nrog los ntawm cov pov thawj hais tias tus neeg xa ntawv tau ua ib tug nruab nrab ntawm kev ua hauj lwm xam - li no, 'pov thawj ntawm ua haujlwm.'” Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg ntxiv:
Tsis ntev los no: Tokenization ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam ntawm kev lag luam tsheb thauj khoom kom ntseeg tau tias cov nyiaj them tau zoo
“Kev suav cov ntawv pov thawj yuav siv sijhawm li ob peb feeb ntawm lub computer tsis tu ncua. Yog li, nws yuav tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg siv li niaj zaus, tab sis spammer xav xa ib lab email yuav xav tau ob peb lub lis piam, siv cov khoom siv sib npaug. "
Lwm qhov, "Ralph Merkle tau tsim cov ntoo Merkle thaum xyoo 1980s - yog li peb muaj cov haujlwm hashing uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub sijhawm," Vessene ntxiv.
Yog li, vim li cas Satoshi ua tiav thaum lwm tus tsim? Puas yog lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog tsis tau npaj txhij rau kev txiav txim siab digital txiaj ua ntej? Puas tseem muaj kev txwv, xws li siv tau lub computer fais fab? Los yog tej zaum Bitcoin qhov chaw pov npav tiag tiag tseem tsis tau muaj hnub nyoog - ib tiam neeg tshiab tsis ntseeg ntawm lub hauv paus tswj hwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm Kev Txom Nyem Loj ntawm 2008?
Tsim kom muaj 'trustless' systems
David Chaum hu ua "tej zaum tus neeg muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw cryptocurrency." Nws 1982 tus kws kho mob cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, Khoos phis tawj tsim, Tswj, thiab ntseeg tau los ntawm Pawg Neeg Tsis Txaus Siab, xav tau ntau lub ntsiab lus uas thaum kawg pom lawv txoj hauv kev rau Bitcoin network. Nws kuj tau nthuav tawm qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau daws, uas yog:
"Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim thiab tswj cov tshuab computer uas tuaj yeem ntseeg tau los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tas yuav ntseeg ib leeg."
Tseeb tiag, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis lub hauv paus pib los ntawm plaub tus kws tshawb fawb University of Maryland tau qhuas "kev ua haujlwm xyoo 1979 ntawm David Chaum, uas nws lub vault system embodies ntau lub ntsiab ntawm blockchains."
Hauv kev xam phaj nrog Cointelegraph lub lim tiam dhau los, Chaum tau nug yog tias Bitcoin tiag tiag tuaj yeem raug tsim tawm 15 xyoo dhau los, raws li qee qhov sib cav. Nws pom zoo nrog U. ntawm Maryland cov kws tshawb fawb tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm blockchain twb muaj nyob rau hauv nws 1982 dissertation - nrog rau ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb: Satoshi qhov kev pom zoo mechanism:
"Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm [ie, Satoshi's] kev pom zoo algorithm tsis zoo li, raws li kuv paub, cov ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev pom zoo algorithms."
Thaum nias rau qhov tshwj xeeb, Chaum tsis kam hais ntau ntxiv dua li daim ntawv dawb xyoo 2008 tau piav qhia txog "me ntsis ad hoc… crude mechanism" uas tiag tiag "yuav ua tau kom ua hauj lwm - ntau los yog tsawg."
Nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv luam tawm tsis ntev los no, University of Oxford social scientist Vili Lehdonvirta tseem tsom mus rau qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawd. Satoshi tig lub cryptocurrencies cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia / validators - paub zoo dua hnub no li "miners" - kwv yees txhua 10 feeb.
Tom qab ntawd "tus thawj tswj hwm uas raug xaiv tsa tom ntej yuav coj mus, ob zaug tshawb xyuas qhov thaiv cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los, thiab ntxiv lawv tus kheej thaiv rau nws, tsim cov saw ntawm cov blocks," Lehdonvirta sau rau hauv Huab Empires.
Yog vim li cas rau kev hloov cov miners, nyob rau hauv Lehdonvirta txoj kev qhia, yog los tiv thaiv lub kaw lus cov thawj coj los ntawm kev nkag mus dhau heev lawm thiab, yog li, kom tsis txhob muaj kev noj nyiaj txiag uas inevitably los nrog ib tug concentration ntawm lub hwj chim.
Txawm hais tias PoW cov txheej txheem tau paub zoo ntawm lub sijhawm no, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Satoshi's algorithm "tseem tawm ntawm qhov twg ... nws tsis tau xav txog," Chaum hais rau Cointelegraph.
'Peb qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb'
Vinay Gupta, tus tsim thiab CEO ntawm startup Mattereum, uas kuj tau pab tsim Ethereum nyob rau hauv 2015 raws li nws tso tawm tus neeg saib xyuas, pom zoo tias feem ntau ntawm Bitcoin cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau kev noj thaum Satoshi tuaj nrog, txawm hais tias nws txawv ntawm qee qhov chronology. "Cov khoom lawv tus kheej tsuas yog tsis tau npaj kom txog thaum tsawg kawg 2001," nws hais rau Cointelegraph.
"Bitcoin yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag mus rau sab saum toj ntawm pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb - Merkle ntoo, pov thawj-ntawm-ua haujlwm thiab faib cov lus hash," txhua tus tsim ua ntej Satoshi, Gupta hais. Tsis muaj teeb meem nrog network hardware thiab computer zog nyob rau hauv 1990s. "Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb algorithms uas yog qhov qeeb […]. Peb tsuas yog tsis muaj tag nrho cov tseem ceeb hauv tsev blocks rau Bitcoin kom txog rau thaum 2001. Lub cryptography yog thawj zaug, thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus ntse heev tau kawg. "
Garrick Hileman, tus neeg tuaj saib xyuas ntawm London Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam, kuj tau hais txog hnub tom qab rau Bitcoin qhov kev ua tau zoo:
"Kuv tsis paub tseeb tias thaum ntxov xyoo 1990 yog qhov kev thov muaj zog raws li qee qhov haujlwm ua ntej tau hais hauv Satoshi daim ntawv dawb - piv txwv li Adas Back's hashcash / pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm algorithm - tau tsim thiab / lossis luam tawm thaum xyoo 1990s lossis tom qab ntawd."
Tos kom muaj kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb
Yuav ua li cas txog yam tsis yog kev siv tshuab? Tej zaum Bitcoin tau tos rau ib pawg neeg pej xeem uas tau loj hlob nrog khoos phis tawj / xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov tsev txhab nyiaj tsis ntseeg thiab feem ntau nyiaj txiag hauv nruab nrab? Puas yog BTC xav kom muaj kev paub txog kev noj qab haus huv tshiab kom vam meej?
Alex Tapscott, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Millennial tiam, sau nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Kev Pab Nyiaj Txiag:
"Rau ntau ntawm kuv tiam neeg, xyoo 2008 tau pib poob kaum xyoo ntawm kev poob haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev loj hlob qeeb, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv ntau lub koom haum. Qhov teeb meem nyiaj txiag nthuav tawm qhov avarice, malfeasance thiab dawb incompetence uas tau tsav kev lag luam mus rau lub brink ntawm lub cev qhuav dej thiab muaj ib co nug, 'Lub rot mus tob npaum li cas?'
Hauv kev xam phaj 2020 nrog Cointelegraph, Tapscott tau nug yog tias Bitcoin tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev kub ntxhov nyiaj txiag xyoo 2008. Muab "keeb kwm cov neeg poob haujlwm siab hauv cov tebchaws xws li Spain, Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Ltalis, tsis muaj ntau lo lus nug uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv tsev kawm ntawv. coj ntau mus saib cov kev faib tawm xws li blockchain ntau dua, "nws teb.
Lansky zoo li pom zoo. Tsis muaj kev xav tau kev sib raug zoo lossis kev thov rau kev daws teeb meem kev them nyiaj hauv 1990s "vim tias peb tsis muaj kev paub txaus nrog qhov tseeb tias cov kev daws teeb meem hauv nruab nrab tsis ua haujlwm," nws hais rau Cointelegraph.
"Bitcoin yog undeniably ib tug kab lis kev cai khoom ntawm nws lub sij hawm," ntxiv Vessene. "Peb yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha yam tsis muaj DNA ntawm kev tsis ntseeg siab ntawm tsoomfwv cov thev naus laus zis hauv nruab nrab."
Rub tag nrho ua ke
Zuag qhia tag nrho, ib tus tuaj yeem rov qab mus sib cav txog leej twg pab txhawb dab tsi thiab thaum twg. Feem ntau pom zoo, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom nyob hauv qhov chaw los ntawm 2008, thiab Satoshi lub txiaj ntsim tiag tiag yuav yog qhov nws muaj peev xwm rub tau tag nrho ua ke - tsuas yog cuaj nplooj ntawv xwb. "Tsis muaj ib feem ntawm Bitcoin lub hauv paus mechanics yog tshiab," Gupta rov hais dua. "Tus ntse yog nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm peb yam uas twb muaj lawm - Merkle ntoo, hash nyiaj ntsuab thiab faib cov lus hash rau kev sib txuas rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb tshiab."
Tab sis qee zaum, keeb kwm ib puag ncig yuav tsum muaj kev zoo siab thiab. Chaum txoj haujlwm ua tsis tiav "vim tias tsis muaj txaus txaus siab rau qhov kev pabcuam no" thaum lub sijhawm, ntawm lwm yam, raws li Lansky. Satoshi Nakamoto, los ntawm kev sib piv, muaj lub sijhawm zoo. "Nws tuaj nrog Bitcoin nyob rau hauv 2008, thaum lub classical nyiaj txiag system ua tsis tau tejyam," thiab tus founder tau ploj mus los ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 2010 "tsuas yog ntxiv dag zog rau Bitcoin, vim hais tias txoj kev loj hlob raug coj los ntawm nws cov zej zog."
Tsis ntev los no: Dab tsi Musk qhov kev nrhiav tau Twitter tuaj yeem txhais tau rau kev tshaj xov xwm crypto kev saws me nyuam
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov, ib yam nkaus, qhov kev kawm txuj ci yog yuav luag ib txwm muaj kev sib koom tes. Thaum Satoshi lub kaw lus zoo li "qhov txawv txav ntawm lwm cov kev them nyiaj niaj hnub no," Narayanan thiab Clark tau sau tias, "cov tswv yim no qub heev, rov qab mus rau David Chaum, leej txiv ntawm cov nyiaj ntsuab digital."
Satoshi kom meej meej muaj forerunners - Chaum, Merkle, Dwork, Naor, Haber, Stornetta thiab Back, thiab lwm yam. Hais Gupta: "Credit qhov credit yog vim: Satoshi sawv ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm cov neeg loj heev."
Tau qhov twg los: https://cointelegraph.com/news/could-bitcoin-have-launched-in-the-1990s-or-was-it-waiting-for-satoshi